Esikhathini sesi-3 sesibili, odokotela bavame ukuhlola ukuhlolwa kokubeletha okungakabiphi ngaphambi kokubeletha okungatholakala ukuthi kunezimo ezihlukene ze-chromosomal nezimo zokubeletha ezinganeni. Izimo ezihlolwayo zingashintsha kakhulu ekulandeleni kwabo. Izingane ezineminye yalezi zimo, njenge-Down syndrome kanye nokukhubazeka komzimba we-neural tube , zizalwa zingaphila futhi ziphila impilo evamile-nakuba zingase zibe nokukhubazeka okuthuthukayo, ngokomzimba, noma engqondweni.
Ezinye izimo ezitholakalayo ekuhlolweni kwangaphambi kokubeletha zingabulala noma zithwale ukuhlaselwa okubi kakhulu. Isibonelo, isigamu sezingane ezizalwa nge- anencephaly ngeke siphile ekuzalweni kanti enye ingxenye iyafa zingakapheli amahora noma izinsuku. Isimo se- chromosomal esinjenge-trisomy 13 noma i-trisomy 18 singabangela ingane enempilo emfushane; Amaphesenti angama-90 wezingane ezineminye yalezi zimo aziphili esikhathini esidlulile sonyaka owodwa futhi zivame ukuhlushwa izinkinga zezempilo kanye nokungenelela kwezokwelapha kuzo zonke izimpilo zabo.
Ukuqedwa Kwemithi
Lapho ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha kanye nokuhlolwa okulandelayo okuhlolisisa ukubuyisela ukuxilongwa okucacile kwesimiso sokuhlushwa okubi, abazali bangase babhekane nesinqumo sokuthi baqhubeke nokukhulelwa. Ukuqedwa kokukhulelwa ngaphansi kwalezi zimo ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa ngokusekelwe ngokwemithi noma ekuqedeni kwemithi kuboniswe. Abazali bangase baqede ukucatshangelwa kokuqeda imithi uma ukukhulelwa okungavamile noma ezinye izinkinga zempilo kuba yingozi enkulu emndenini uma eqhubeka nokukhulelwa.
Uma abazali bekhetha ukuqeda ukukhulelwa ngenxa yezimo ezibucayi ezinganeni, inqubo yezokwelapha isisu sokukhishwa kwesisu noma "ukuphumula kwesisu" futhi kuyakhethwa ngoba abazali bangakhetha ukuthi ukuvumela imvelo kuthathe isisu sayo inkambo noma ukuqeda ukukhulelwa.
Ngokuphambene nokuqedwa kokukhetha okukhethiwe, noma kunjalo, iningi lezingane ezisuka ekupheleni kokukhulelwa ngenxa yezizathu zezokwelapha zazifunwa kakhulu futhi abazali bangase bakhathazeke kakhulu ngokulahlekelwa ingane.
Izombusazwe kanye nemizwelo
Ukuqeda ukukhulelwa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo luvame ukuhlukana nokuhlukunyezwa ngokomzwelo, kokubili ngokwakho nangokwezombangazwe. Abantu abanobufilosofi noma bezenkolo abaphikisa ukukhipha isisu bangabheka konke ukukhipha isisu okungalungile-kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izimo ziphi. Ngezinye izikhathi amaqembu obambe iqhaza aphikisana kakhulu ngisho nokuqeda imithi, futhi izindawo eziningi ezise-intanethi zenza icala ukuthi wonke umntwana kufanele alethwe ngesikhathi. Abantu abanesimo se-pro-choice ngokuvamile abanakho ukuphikisa ekuqedeni okusekelwe emzimbeni.
Ezimweni lapho isimo esitholakale singekho esibulalayo, abanye abaphikisayo ukukhipha isisu ngemuva kokuthola isifo sokubeletha besesimweni sokubeletha besaba ukuthi abazali bangase bangatholi ulwazi olugcwele. Imiphumela yenze ngcono eminyakeni eminingi yezimo ezithile, njenge-Down syndrome, futhi besaba ukuthi abazali bangathola umbono olungalungile nongcolile ngalokho okufana nokukhulisa ingane ngokukhubazeka ngokomzimba noma ngentuthuko.
Ngaphandle komongo wezombangazwe, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu kulezi zimo, imizwa yabazali.
Esikhundleni sokuba mnyama nomhlophe (njengoba imibono yezombangazwe ivame ukuba), imizwa yabazali ivame ukuwela endaweni ethile. Abanye abakwazi ukuqonda umqondo wokuba nokukhipha isisu esikhathini esikude nhlobo nangemva kokuxilongwa kokukhubazeka okubulalayo, kuyilapho abanye bexabana nomqondo kodwa ekugcineni bakhetha ukupheliswa, kanti namanje abanye abahlukumezi nesinqumo nakuba bebuhlungu ukulahlekelwa kwengane. Kuzo zonke izimo, kuyisinqumo esinzima kakhulu sokuba abazali benze futhi kuvame ukuhambisana nokudabuka nokudabuka okukhulu.
Ukunquma Ukwenyusa Ukukhipha Isisu Okuvezwe Ngokwemithi
Lapho abazali benquma ukuyeka izizathu zezokwelapha, isinqumo singase sibe nezici eziningana.
Ezimweni ezingafani, abazali bangase bazizwe bengagunyaziwe ukuphatha ingane ngezidingo ezikhethekile zesikhathi eside. Ngezinye izikhathi isinqumo sokuqeda ukubandakanya ukukhathazeka kokuhlupheka kwengane. Isibonelo, kumongo wesimo esifana ne-trisomy 18 ehlanganisa izinkinga zezokwelapha ezinamandla kanye nokuphila okuncane kakhulu, abazali bangase bafune ukugwema ukubeka ingane ebuhlungu obungadingekile uma kungekho ithemba lomphumela omuhle. Labazali bangase babe nomuzwa wokuthi ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kuyinto encane yezinto ezimbili ezimbi.
Ukuqeda izinkomba zezokwelapha kungase kubandakanye ukukhathazeka ngempilo yomama ngokomzwelo. Lapho ethola izindaba ze-diagnostic ebulalayo, omama bangase bangafuni ukubhekana nezinyanga ezengeziwe zokukhulelwa ukuze babone ukuthi ingane yabo efuna ukufa isesibhedlela. Laba boomama bangase badinge ukuqeda inqubo yokwenza umzimba ukuze baqale ukulila nokuphulukiswa ngendlela engcono kakhulu kubo kanye nemindeni yabo.
Okokugcina, ezinye izimo zingase zibandakanye ingozi enkulu empilweni yomama, njengokungavamile isimo sokukhulelwa kwamabili okubandakanya i-fetus evamile kanye ne- hydatidiform mole (lapho umama ebhekene nengozi engamaphesenti angama-60 okuthuthukisa isifo esibuhlungu sokuthi isifo se- trophoblastic ekupheleni kokukhulelwa uma evula ukuqhubeka). Kulezi zimo, impilo nomama kamama kungavunyelwa ukuqedwa-ngisho noma umntwana efunwa kakhulu.
Ukunquma Ukukhipha Isisu Okuvezwe Ngokwemithi
Ukuze kutholakale izimo ezingafani, njenge-Down syndrome, abazali banganquma ukuthi balungele futhi bazimisele ukwamukela ingane enezidingo ezikhethekile. Futhi ezimweni ngisho nangokwemvelo okuncane kakhulu kumntwana noma umama, abanye abazali bangakhetha ukuqeda ukukholelwa ngenxa yenkolelo yenkolo noma izinkolelo ezijulile zefilosofi ngokukhishwa kwesisu.
Noma kunjalo, abanye abazali bangase babe nomuzwa wokududuzeka ngokuvumela ukuthi imvelo ithathe inkambo yayo futhi ibe nethuba lokubamba umntwana ngaphambi kokuba idlule, mhlawumbe ingakwazi ukubhekana nomqondo wokuqeda impilo yengane.
Abazali abambalwa bangase baqhubeke nokukhulelwa ngenxa yethemba elincane lokuthi ukuxilongwa kwakungalungile nokuthi konke kuzovela kahle. (Amaphutha wokuhlola ajwayelekile kakhulu ezimweni ezizophakamisa umbuzo wokuqeda ukusekelwa ngokwemithi; izifundo ze-chromosomal ezitholakale nge- amniocentesis , isibonelo, zinamaphesenti angu-100 ngokunemba ekuvimbeleni icala elivamile lephutha lebhu.)
Isinqumo somuntu siqu nesinye
Isinqumo sokuthi ukuqeda ukukhulelwa sithinte noma cha yini sithinteka isimo sezempilo esibi kakhulu. Abanye abazali bathatha indawo ephakathi, bekhetha ukuqeda uma isimo singesifo esibulalayo ngesikhathi sokuzalwa noma ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, kodwa ukhethe ukuqhubeka nokukhulelwa lapho umntwana kulindeleke ukuba abe nesimo somzimba noma intuthuko kodwa futhi nokuphila okufanele.
Amanye amazwe anemithetho ezincwadini ezingenza kube nzima ukuqeda uma isimo singasongeli ukuphila komama, lapho abesifazane besaphoqeleka ukuba bahambe ibanga elide ukuze kusetshenziswe noma baqhubeke nokukhulelwa.
Ukuqedwa kwesibili kwe-trimester ngezizathu zezokwelapha ngokuvamile kuhilela i- D & E (ukuhlanjululwa nokukhishwa) noma inqubo ye-D & X (ukuhlanjululwa nokukhipha) -vame ukufaka umjovo ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukumisa inhliziyo yenhliziyo. Inqubo ye-D & X, esetshenziselwa ezinye zalezi zikhathi, iphikisana kakhulu. Abaphathi bezomthetho bahlose le nqubo, ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa "ukukhipha isisu okuyingxenye" ​​ngamaphephandaba asebenzayo, eminyakeni yamuva futhi ikusasa lenqubo lingaqiniseki.
> Imithombo
- > I-FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) Umbiko weKomidi: Izici zokuziphatha ngokuphathelene nokuqedwa > kokukhulelwa emva kokuxilongwa ngaphambi kokubeletha. "I- International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 102 (1): 97-98.
- > Ukuqeda ukukhulelwa kokungabonakali kwe-Fetal. Ikhomishana yamaRoyal of Odetry and Gynecologists : 29-31. Meyi 2010.
- > I-National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, "Ulwazi Lwe-Anencephaly Page." 13 Nov 2007. Kufinyelelwe ngomhla ka-7 Feb 2008.
- > I-University of Virginia Health System, "iTrisomy 18 no-13." I-Genetics Medical . 28 Jan 2008. Ukutholakala ngo-3 Feb 2008.
> Wertz, DC "Indlela abazali abanentshisekelo abhekana ngayo nokukhipha isisu okukhethiwe." Izinkinga ezibuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza I: I-Anthology Garland Publishing, 1992. eNew York. Ifinyelele ngo-7 Feb 2008.