Ulwazi Olubanzi Ngokuzalwa Kwama-Quadruplet Amaningana
Ama-quadruplets ayiqoqo lezingane ezine ezizalwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Umuntu oyingxenye yeqoqo elinjalo kuthiwa i- quadruplet futhi ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i- quad .
Izinhlobo
Ama-quadruplets angaba ngama-fraternal ( multizygotic ), afanayo ( monozygotic ) noma inhlanganisela kokubili. Amadayimane amaningi amaningi ayenzeka ezinhlanganisweni ezine eziyingqayizivele zamaqanda / izimbali. Izimpande ze-monozygotic ziwumphumela weqanda elivundisiwe elihlukanisa emibungu emibili noma ngaphezulu.
Kungenzeka ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwenzeke izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, okhiqiza izintathu ezintathu ze-monozygotic noma iqoqo elingajwayelekile lezinhlamvu ezine ze-monozygotic. Amadayimane ama-monozygotic aphelele angavamile, emela eyodwa kuphela ezikhungweni eziyizigidi ezingu-13 (ngokusho kwalesi sihloko sezindaba). Ngokusho kocwaningo oluvela enhlanganweni exhasa omama ngamawele amakhulu (Ukukhulisa Iziqu eziningi: Umphakathi Omkhulu), ngaphezu kwengxenye yemindeni ebhalisiwe nezinhlangano zabo zihlanganisa inhlanganisela yabantu abasebenzisa i-monozygotic ne-multizygotic. Ama-quadruplets angaba bonke abesilisa, bonke abesifazana, noma ukuhlanganiswa kokubili. Amadayimane ama-Monozygotic azohlala efana nobulili obufanayo.
NgoJanuwari 2008, umama waseMaldinese wazala iqoqo lezinhlamvu ezine ezihlanganisa ezintathu ezintathu ezifanayo. Imibungu emibili yadluliselwa kumama, futhi bobabili bavuthwe ngempumelelo. Omunye wabo uhlukanisa, bese ahlukanisa futhi, enza ama-triplets afanayo. Iziphathimandla zezibhedlela zithi kukhona amacala angaphansi kuka-100 okubhalwe "amathathu amathathu afanayo no-one" e-United States.
The Odds
Kwazalwa ngo-2014 ngamakhulu amane namashumi amane nesithupha ngonyaka, unyaka wamuva lapho idatha iyatholakala khona. Ukucabanga okungajwayelekile kwamadayimane akuvamile. Inhlangano ye-MOST (Mothers of Super Twins) inquma ukuthi kunzima kangakanani ekukhunjweni okungu-1 ku-571 787. Ukuzalwa kwe-quadruplet yakamuva kungumphumela wamasu wokuzala okusizayo njengemithi yokukhulisa inzalo noma ukufaka umanyolo we-vitro.
I-Multiple Births Canada (MBC) ilinganisela ukuthi ukukhulelwa kwe-90% kwe-quadruplet kungumphumela wokusizwa kokuzala.
Ama-quadruplets awahlanganyeli ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokuzalwa okufanayo. Ukulethwa kwezikhathi zokulibaziseka (okubizwa nangokuthi i-iatrogenic birthy asynchronous) kungase kusho ukuthi abantwana ngabanye bazalwa izinsuku noma ngisho namasonto ahlukene.
Ukukhulelwa
Ukubeletha okulinganiselwe kokukhulelwa kwe-quadruplet kungamaviki angu-19-31, ngokumelene namaviki angu-40 wengane ephelele. Phakathi nokukhulelwa ngama-quadruplets, umama uzothola amakhilogremu angu-40-100. Ngokusho kwe-MOST, inzuzo yesisindo esiphezulu ingaphezu kwamakhilogremu amahlanu. Owesine kwekota omama kuzodinga i-cerclage yomlomo wesibeletho, inqubo yokuhlinzwa lapho umlomo wesibeletho ukhonjelwe khona ukuze uvimbele umsebenzi wokuqala.
- Ukukhulelwa okungaphezulu kwe-quadruplet kubangelwa ukulethwa kwezifo; okungaphansi kwezingu-3% zezinhlamvu ezingu-3 zihanjiswa ngamadoda, ngokusho kwe-MOST. Isilinganiso sokubelethwa kwesilinganiso se-quadruplet singamakhilogremu angu-3/4, kanti izinhlamvu ezine zithola ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha esibhedlela i-NICU (i-Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) okungenani inyanga eyodwa ngemva kokuzalwa.
Amaqiniso Okuthakazelisayo
- Kuhlolo olwenziwe yi-MOST, umbuso onabantu abaningi abaphendulile ababike ama-quadruplets kwaba yiNew York, kulandela iNew Jersey nePennsylvania.
- Kunamaqoqo angu-3500 ama-quadruplets emhlabeni wonke; 60 kuphela noma ngaphezulu kukhona okufanayo noma i-monozygotic.
- Abazali bamadayimane bazoshintsha ama-diaper angama-30,000 ngaphambi kokuba izingane zabo ziqeqeshelwe ama-potty.
- Isibalo sokubeletha kwe-quadruplet sakhuphuka ngaphezu kuka-400% engxenyeni yokugcina yekhulu lama-20, kodwa amazinga ayenqatshelwe eminyakeni ethile kusukela ngonyaka ka-2000.
- Isibhedlela esihle saseSamariya esibhedlela sase-Arizona sikholwa ukuthi sinikeze amasethingi amaningi amane, amasethi angaphezu kwekhulu.
Amaqembu asekela
Ingabe unama-quadruplets? Kubalulekile ukuthi imindeni ifune ukwesekwa kanye nezeluleko ezivela eminye imindeni esimweni esifanayo. Nazi ezinye izinhlangano ezinganikeza izinsiza nokusiza:
AMAKHOSI (Ama-Mothers of Supertwins: http://www.raisingmultiples.org (ama-United States)
I-Multiple Births Canada Multi-Multi Support Support Network: http://multiplebirthscanada.org/index.php/parents/support/higher-order-multiples- support- network (Canada)
Inhlangano kaZwelonke yamaMama amawele ama-club (NOMOTC): http://www.nomotc.org/ (United States)
I-Australian Multiple Birth Association (AMBA): http://www.amba.org.au/ (Australia)
I-New Zealand Mutiple Birth Association (NZMBA): http://www.nzmba.info/ (eNew Zealand)
Amawele Amabhinqa Namaningi Okuzalwa (Tamba): http://www.tamba.org.uk/ (United Kingdom)
Izihambeli
Izithambile ze-quadruplet ezine ezinezihlalo ezinezitholakalayo futhi ziyinto elula - nakuba i-pricy - inketho yokuthutha ama-quadruplets. Enye yezimpahla ezivame kakhulu zivela ku-Runabout, inkampani eyenza abahamba phambili abahamba phambili bezitifiketi ezinama-steel frame. Ziyabiza kakhulu, zibiza cishe u-$ 1000 omusha kusuka kumkhiqizi, kodwa zingase zitholakale emakethe yesibili.
Enye indlela yi-Foundations Quad Stroller, umzila wokuhamba ngesambulela wesambulela. Lo modeli ushibhile, ulula kakhulu, futhi unama-collapsible, kodwa kuncane kakhulu kunamamodeli we-Runabout.
Amabhulogi Nezixhumanisi Ngama-Quadruplets
Ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nama-triplets, vakashela la masayithi kuwebhu:
- Amaqiniso Ngama-Quadruplets
- 4tunate
- I-Goerlich Quadruplets
- I-McNulty Quads
- Ikhasi lasekhaya le-Lee nePam Deschler
- Siyabonga ngokuvakashela Mathiasquads.org!
Imithombo:
"Iphrofayela ye-Quadruplet." Idatha Yokuhlolwa Kwezokwelapha, Ukukhulisa Izimbalwa: Umphakathi Omkhulu . http://www.raisingmultiples.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/MBSQuad.pdf
UHamon, BE, et al. "Ukuzalwa: Idatha Yokugcina ka-2014." Umbiko we-National Vital Statistics , uDisemba 23, 2015. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_12.pdf