Indlela Yokusebenzisa Ithuluzi Le-Chaining Teaching

I-Chaining iyindlela yokufundisa lapho amakhono amancane aqiniswa khona ngokulandelana ukuvumela umfundi ukuba enze ukuziphatha okunzima kakhulu. Isibonelo, ekufundiseni ingane ukubopha izicathulo, isinyathelo ngasinye, ukuqinisa izintambo ukuze wenze izingxenye zefindo, ziyofundiswa futhi ziqiniswe kuze kube yilapho ingane ingenza umsebenzi ophelele.

Izibonelo Zabo Bonke Abafundi

I-Chaining isetshenziselwa ububanzi obukhulu bezimo, zombili izingane nabantu abadala.

Nakuba kucatshangwa njengethuluzi lokufundisa abantu abanezidingo ezikhethekile , empeleni kuyindlela eyaziwayo yokufundisa cishe noma yimuphi umsebenzi kunoma yimuphi umuntu. I-Chaining iwusizo ngokukhethekile emisebenzini enezinto eziningi eziqondile okumele zilandelwe ngokulandelana okuqondile.

Ake ucabange ukuzama ukufundisa othile ukuthi ungadla kanjani iqanda. Cabanga ukuthi umfundi akanalo ulwazi lokupheka okuyisisekelo. Abaqondi indlela yokuqanda iqanda, indlela yokusebenzisa isitofu, noma indlela yokukhonza ukudla-ngakho isinyathelo ngasinye somsebenzi kufanele sichazwe:

1. Thatha iqanda nebhotela kusuka esiqandisini.
2. Thatha ummese, imfoloko, nesipuni sokhuni kusuka ekhabetheni lekhishini.
3. Thatha isitsha kusuka kwikhabhinethi.
4. Thatha ipani elincane, elingaphansi ngaphansi kwesitofu.
5. Sebenzisa ummese ukusika isipuni esisodwa sebhotela.
6. Beka ibhotela epanini.
7. Beka i-pan phezu kwesitofu.
8. Vula isitofu ngokuvula ukudayela phakathi.

... njalonjalo.

Imiyalo efana nalokhu, ehlinzeka ngokulandelana-noma "ukhetho" -ukusebenza okulungile kungasiza kakhulu kumuntu ozipheka okokuqala.

Ngisho nezincwadi zokupheka, ezihlinzeka ngezinyathelo zesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ezingeni elithile, ungahlinzeki ngolwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana nokuthi ungatholaphi izinto ezidingekayo nokuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani ithuluzi ngalinye ngendlela efanele.

Izibonelo Zezidingo Ezikhethekile Ezifundwayo

Izidingo ezikhethekile izingane kanye nabantu abadala bangase badinge ukulinganisa ukuze bafunde imisebenzi abanye abangayifunda ngokubukela nokulingisa.

Kungaba njalo ukuthi abafundi abadinga izidingo ezikhethekile abanalo isifiso esingenasidingo sokufunda imisebenzi ethile. Nakuba ingane eneminyaka emihlanu ejwayelekile ingase ifune ukuthola ukuzimela okukhulu ngokufunda ukubeka izinkinobho kanye nezinsizi egqoke layo, isidingo esikhethekile sonyaka oneminyaka emihlanu singase singabi nomuzwa othize wokwenza "mina".

Ukuze afundise amakhono ezidingo zomfundi ezikhethekile, uthisha uvame ukunikeza "abaqinisi" ukuze baphumelele ngempumelelo "ngayinye" kusixhumanisi "ngasinye." Ama-reinforcers angaba udumo noma imiklomelo umfundi ayifunayo. Ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka ugoqa ingubo, uthisha angase ahlele ukufundisa amakhono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi-futhi avule isinyathelo ngasinye endleleni:

1. Thola ijazi lakho (umsebenzi omkhulu!)
2. Beka ingubo yakho ngokuzimela (inkanyezi yegolide)
3. Yenza i-zipper bese uyidonsa (ukwelashwa okukhethekile)
4. Qedela konke ukulandelana ngokwakho ngaphandle kokusekelwa (umvuzo wokugcina)

Ukusebenzisa Chaining Ekhaya naseSikoleni

Uma ukuhlanza kusebenza kahle ngezidingo ezikhethekile zomfundi, kungasetshenziswa ngezilungiselelo eziningi ezahlukene. Ngokuvamile, kuwumqondo omuhle kubazali kanye nothisha ukukhulumisana ngokuthi ukuhlanza kusetshenziswa kanjani kuzilungiselelo ezahlukene. Uma ingane isebenzisa amasu afanayo okufunda ekhaya nase esikoleni, ingaba ngcono kakhulu ekulandeleni imiyalelo futhi ngokushesha ukuthola amakhono amasha.

I-Backward Chaining

Ngezinye izikhathi ukugcoba kungase kuhileleke kakhulu kumfundi ongakwazi ukukhungatheka noma ukulahleka ahambe ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lwezinyathelo. Esikhathini esinjengalokhu, ukulungiswa emuva kungase kube inketho enhle. Ekuhloliseni emuva, umzali noma othisha baqedela imisebenzi eminingi eketini, okuvumela ingane iqede umsebenzi wokugcina. Njengoba lo msebenzi wokugcina uba lula, umuntu omdala angase abuye kancane kancane futhi ingane igcwalise izinto eziningi kulolu chungechunge.

Isibonelo, ekwenzeni umbhede umuntu omdala angenza cishe yonke imisebenzi eshiya isinyathelo sokugcina-ukubeka umcamelo embhedeni-ngomntwana.

Njengoba ingane iba nekhono ekuqedeni lesi sinyathelo, ingane ingase iceliwe ukuthi ingeze esigabeni esilandelayo nesokugcina sokudonsa umduduzi-njalo njalo.

Psychology of Chaining

I-Chaining ixhomeke endleleni yokufunda kwengqondo ebizwa ngokuthi isimo sokusebenza. Isimo sokusebenza, i-brainchild ye-BF Skinner yenza ngaphansi kokucabanga ukuthi ukuqonda imicabango yangaphakathi kanye nesisusa akudingekile ukuqonda ukuziphatha. Kunalokho, singabheka izimbangela zangaphandle zokuziphatha.

Indlela yokufunda yokusebenza okusho ukuthi ukufunda kuqiniswa (noma kuvinjelwe) ekuphenduleni imivuzo kanye nezijeziso. Isibonelo, izenzo ezilandelwa yi-reinforcer enhle (njengezwi lokudumisa noma inkanyezi yegolide) kungenzeka ukuthi iphindwe. Ngamanye amazwi, kungumphumela wokuziphatha okubheka ukuthi ingane ifunda kunokuba isisusa sangaphakathi.

_Imithombo:

_{Sadock, B., Sadock, V., noP. Ruiz. Inkulumo kaKaplan noSadock ye-Psychiatry: Isayensi Yokuziphatha / I-Psychiatry Clinical. 2014.}