Ucwaningo alukhombisi Isixhumanisi Esicacile
Ukuba nomkhuhlane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi ku- trimester yokuqala , kungabangela izinkinga ezinganeni ezikhulayo. Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi abasazi ukuthi ngabe banomkhuhlane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kokuqala bangase babangele ukukhulelwa kwesisu. Ngokuvamile kuvamise isikhathi eside, amaphuphu aphezulu acatshangelwa ukuthi abangela izinkinga.
Ukuthatha umhlalaphansi kuvamile futhi phakathi kwamaphesenti angu-15 no-20 okukhulelwa konke kubangela ukukhulelwa kwesisu .
Asinazi ukuthi yini ebangela iningi lezinkinga zokulahleka. Noma kunjalo, izimbangela zokuphuphuma kwesisu zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:
- Izimo ezingavamile ze-uterine ezifana ne-fibroids
- ukuhlukunyezwa okukhulu
- ukutheleleka
- okungavamile kwe-chromosome yesisu
- isifo sikashukela esilawulwa kabi
Eminye yemibandela engenhla ebeka phambili umuntu ingavinjelwa. Isibonelo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isifo sikashukela sikhethwe kahle ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Noma kunjalo, ezinye zezimo ezingenhla zingaphandle kokulawula kwakho, njenge-fibroids noma okungajwayelekile kwe-chromosome.
Ingozi ye-Neural Tube Defects
Olunye ucwaningo luhlobanisa i-hyperthermia, noma izinga lokushisa lomzimba elingavamile, engozini yeziphambeko ze-neural tube kanye nokungahambi kahle komzimba. Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngo-2003 lubheke ukusetshenziselwa ukushisa okubhebhethekile futhi lithola ubufakazi obuthakathaka bokuhlangana phakathi kwama-tubs ashisayo kanye nokuhlukumeza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela baxwayisa abesifazane abakhulelwe ukuba bagweme ukungena emachibini ashisayo isikhathi esithile sokuba khona ohlangothini oluphephile.
Ukucwaninga okubheke ngokuqondile emanzini omama kuye kwabona ukuthi imifantu ibonakala ingandisa ingozi ye-neural tube defects. (Izinkinga ezimbi kakhulu ze-neural tube, ezifana ne- anencephaly , zingabulala ingane futhi ngaleyo ndlela zibangele ukulahlekelwa ukukhulelwa.) Imifula ingaba nokwandisa ingozi yezinye izinkinga zentuthuko, njengokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo.
Ukuthola ukucwaninga kuye kwaba mnandi kakhulu ukuthi ngabe imfiva ibangela ukukhulelwa kwesisu kokuqala; Ucwaningo olunzulu luka-2002 e- The Lancet alutholanga ubufakazi bokuthi inhlangano, nakuba ucwaningi lokulawulwa kwecala ngo-1985 ngabacwaningi baseJohn Hopkins University lathinta ukuxhumana phakathi komkhuhlane nokukhulelwa komzimba.
Ngenxa yengozi yezinkinga zentuthuko, odokotela bavame ukweluleka abesifazane abakhulelwe ukuba bayishayele uma bezwa umkhuhlane ngaphezulu kwama-degrees Fahrenheit angu-101. Khumbula ukubiza udokotela wakho uma ukhathazeka ngokugula noma ezinye izimpawu ngesikhathi ukhulelwe.
Imithombo:
U-Anderson, u-Anne-Marie Nybo, uPernille Vastrup, uJan Wohlfahrt, uPra Kragh Anderson, uJorn Olsen, noMads Melbye. "Ukushisa komkhuhlane nokukhulelwa kokufa komntwana: isifundo seqembu. I-Lancet 2002.
UBotto, uLD, MC Lynberg, noJD Erickson. "Ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okubangelwa yi-congenital, ukugula komama wesifazane, nokusetshenziswa kwe-multivitamin: Isifundo esisekelwe kubantu." Epidemiology Sept 2001.
UChambers, Christina, Kathleen A. Johnson, uLyn M. Dick, uRobert J. Felix, noKenneth Lyons Jones. "Umkhuhlane womama kanye nomphumela wokuzalwa: Ucwaningo olulindeleke." Teratology 1999.
UKline, Jennie, Zena Stein, uMervyn Susser, noDorothy Warburton. "Ukushisa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokukhipha isisu." I-American Journal of Epidemiology 1985.
Li, De-Kun, Teresa Janevic, Roxana Odouli, noLiyan Liu. "Isibhamu Esishisayo Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa Nengozi Yokushada Ngaphandle." I-American Journal of Epidemiology 2003.