Ingabe izingane zihamba kumnandi? Yebo.
Ingabe ayingozi? Ukugembula.
Ingabe Abantwana Abahamba Ngayo Bavikelekile?
Abahamba ngezinyawo zezingane abahambayo abaphephile.
Ngaphandle kokuwa phansi izitebhisi bese bewela emntwaneni wabo ohambahambayo, izinsana eziningi zilimala unyaka ngamunye njengoba izingane zabo ezihambahambayo ezihambahambayo zibenza zibe nomakhalekhukhwini omncane. Lokhu kubasiza ukuba bafinyelele ezintweni ezingenakwenzeka. Isibonelo, bangase bakwazi ukufinyelela amaphikisana bese bashiswa noma babuthiwe yizinto abazidonsa phansi, bajike ngokuwa echibini, ibhuloho, noma indlu yangasese, noma bamane belimaza iminwe yabo nezinzwani uma bephiniwe.
Inani lokulimala kwabantwana abahamba ngezinyawo laholela uhulumeni waseCanada ukuba avimbele ukudayiswa, ukukhangiswa nokufakwa kwamantombazane aseCanada ngo-2004.
Nakuba bengaphumelelanga, i-American Academy of Pediatrics ikhuthaza uhulumeni wase-US ukuba enze okufanayo. Esikhundleni salokho, iKhomishini Yokuphepha Komkhiqizo Wabathengi ikhuthaze izindinganiso ezintsha zokuphepha zabantwana abahamba ngezinyawo okumele baholele ekulimaleni okuncane, ikakhulukazi ngokuwa.
Ingabe lezo zindinganiso zokuphepha ezintsha zisebenza? Ngethemba ukuthi basiza ukugcina izingane ziphephile, kodwa ngokuqinisekile azizange ziqede ukulimala kwezingane.
Izingozi zakamuva
Ngaphambi kokuba uthenge ingane noma intombazane encane, cabanga ngalezi zingozi kanye nezinhlekelele ezithinta izingane ezihamba phambili:
- Uneminyaka engu-9 ubudala owashona ngemuva kokuwa phansi ezitebhisini ezinganeni zakhe. (2001)
- Uneminyaka engu-11 ubudala owashona ngemuva kokuwa phansi izitebhisi eziya endlini yakhe yangaphansi. (2001)
- U-Aa oneminyaka engu-7 ubudala owashona ngemuva kokuba umgexo wakhe ubanjwe kumntwana wakhe ohamba ngezinyawo wabe eseboshwa. (2002)
- Owesilisa oneminyaka engu-10 ubudala owashona ngemuva kokushaya ikhanda ngemuva kokuwa ekhanda lakhe. (2003)
- Uneminyaka engu-11 ubudala owashona ngemuva kokumisa e-baby walker wakhe, wabe esethatha isihlalo esinzima phezu kwakhe, eshaya ikhanda futhi ekhanda ikhanda lakhe emuva futhi ebangela ukuba uhambahamba ahambe. (2004)
- Owesilisa oneminyaka engu-10 ubudala owashona ngemuva kokudonsa ngentambo kagesi okwakudonsa umpheki ophuzayo ogcwele ngamanzi ashisayo nokupheka ubhontshisi phezu kwakhe, okwenza ukushisa okujulile kushise ku-38% womzimba wakhe. (2004)
- Uneminyaka engu-9 ubudala owashona ngemuva kokusebenzisa ingane yakhe yokuhamba ukuze afike echibini lokubhukuda lomndeni bese ewela futhi egoba. (2005)
- Uneminyaka engu-10 ubudala owashona ngemuva kokuwa phansi ngezinyawo. (2006)
- Owesilisa oneminyaka engu-7 ubudala, owashona ngemuva kokuhamba kwengane yakhe, wagxila emgwaqweni futhi washaywa iloli. (2006)
- Owesilisa oneminyaka engu-12 ubudala owashona - watholakala phansi phansi echibini lokubhukuda elisenkingeni. (2007)
- Owesilisa oneminyaka engu-12 ubudala owashona ngemuva kokugcoba ukhilimu we-etching ekhilimu (i-asidi eqinile) ewile emgodini we-walker wakhe wengane. (2008)
- Owesilisa oneminyaka engu-12 ubudala, owashona ngemuva kokuwa kwezingane zakhe, washayela emgodini wokubhukuda ngemuva komndeni wakhe, wagcoba ikhanda futhi wamenza wawa. (2009)
Futhi lapho kuqhubeka khona ukulimala okungekho okubulalayo okubandakanya abahamba ngezinyawo:
- Uneminyaka engu-8 ubudala owadala i-hematoma ye-subdural ngemuva kokuwa nokushaya ikhanda lakhe (2013)
- Uneminyaka eneminyaka engu-15 ubudala owaqala ukulimala kwesifazane ngemva kokuba umlenze wakhe ubanjwe okuthile (2013)
- Uneminyaka engu-8 ubudala owashisa ithanga lakhe ngemuva kokudonsa itiye elishisayo lonina (2013)
- Owesilisa oneminyaka engu-8 ubudala obhekene nokulimala kwekhanda ngemuva kokuwela phansi okungenani izinyathelo ezingu-14 (2013)
- Owesilisa oneminyaka engu-12 ubudala obhekene ne-crack break ngemuva kokuhamba kwengane yakhe (2013)
- Uneminyaka engu-8 ubudala owashiswa ebusweni bakhe, izingalo kanye namathanga ngemuva kwepanishi lokugcoba umama wakhe ayekwenzele yona (2014)
Akumangalisi ukuthi yilokho kanye uhlobo lokulimala okwenziwa ngabachwepheshe bokuphepha.
Okungenani izinsana nezinsana eziyi-12 zishonile kubantwana abahamba ngezinyawo kusukela ngo-1999. Ingabe ingane yakho idinga ngempela intombazane yaselula?
Izinzuzo
Abantwana abahamba ngezinyawo bayamnandi futhi bangakwazi ukugcina ingane yakho isamukele.
I-Cons
Abantwana abahamba ngezinyawo akuzona umkhiqizo womntwana okufanele abazali abaningi bacabange ukuthi kunjalo, noma kunjalo.
Amaphuzu ngokumelene nabantwana abahamba phambili ikakhulukazi abandakanya ukuphepha kwengane :
- abantwana abangaphezu kuka-14 000 abangaphansi kwezinyanga eziyi-15 kufanele baye ekamelweni eliphuthumayo ngenxa yokulimala okuhlobene nokusebenzisa umntwana ohamba ngezinyanga unyaka ngamunye
- Kushone izingane ezingu-34 ngokusebenzisa umntwana ohamba phakathi kuka-1973 no-1998
- ngisho nezindinganiso zokuzithandela ezintsha, izingane ziqhubeka zilimala besebenzisa izingane zokuhamba, ngisho nalapho ziqondiswa khona
Futhi ngokungafani nalokho abazali abaningi abakubakholelwa, ukusebenzisa i-baby walker yeselula ngeke kusize ingane yakho ifunde ukuhamba ngokushesha. Eqinisweni, kungase kubambezele ukuthuthukiswa kwengane yakho.
Lapho Uqala khona
Abahamba ngezinyawo ezintsha abahlangabezana nezilinganiso zokuzithandela ze-Juvenile Products Manufacturers Association (i-JPMA) (1997), kufaka hlangana nobubanzi obukhulu ukuze bangene emnyango ojwayelekile, noma babe nezici, njengendlela yokubamba, ukuvimbela umhambi ekupheleni kwesinyathelo, ziphephe kunezikhulile, kodwa zisengumthombo wokulimala ezinganeni.
Abantwana abahamba ngezinyawo kumele futhi bahambisane nezindinganiso zezingane ze-ASTM kanye nezidingo ezengeziwe zoMthetho Wokuthuthukiswa Komkhiqizo Wabathengi ka-2008. Lezi zindinganiso zisiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abahamba ngezinyawo zomntwana abahamba phambili abahamba phambili, ngeke baphakamise futhi benze ukuvimbela izinsana ukuba zingangeni emagumbini omlenze, njll.
Ngaphambi kokuthenga umntwana ohamba ngezinyawo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngenkathi i-CPSC ithi "kukhona okungenani abakhiqizi abayisikhombisa noma abathumeli abahambisa imakethe emakethe yase-United States," abakholelwa ukuthi abakhiqizi ababili bangaphandle kanye nomngenisi wasekhaya okwenza abahambahambayo abahambisana nenqubo yokuzithandela. "
Abazali kufanele baqaphele ukuthi izikhungo zomsebenzi ezimilayo ziyindlela ehlukile yokuhamba ngezinyawo.
Uma usebenzisa i-mobile walker ngokumelene neseluleko se-American Academy of Pediatrics, abazali kufanele bathenge okuhlangabezana namazinga wokuphepha wamanje futhi balandele Izincomo Zokuphepha Komkhiqizo Wabathengi futhi:
- Vala umnyango noma isango phezulu kwezinyathelo
- Gcina izingane ngaphakathi kokubuka
- Gcina izingane kude nezindawo ezishisayo neziqukathi
- Qaphela izingxube zokusebenzisa izinto eziphazamisayo
- Gcina izingane zingasese zangasese, emachibini okubhukuda kanye neminye imithombo yamanzi
Kusukela ngamaphesenti angama-75 okulimala ahlobene nokuwela phansi ezitebhisini, ngaphezu kweziphakamiso ezingenhla, ungasebenzisi ingane ehamba eduze nezitebhisi, ngisho noma unesango ezinyitebhisini.
Umbono kaDkt Iannelli ku-Mobile Baby Walkers
Ngesikhathi ngiye ngaqothulwa esikhathini esedlule ngokuvumelana nezincomo ze-American Academy of Pediatrics "ukuvinjelwa ekukhiqizeni nasekuthengisweni kwabantwana abahamba ngezinsana zaselula," manje ngiyavuma "ngoba idatha ibonisa ingozi enkulu yokwenza ukulimala okuncane kanye nokufa okuvela ekusetshenzisweni kwabahamba ngezinyawo, futhi ngenxa yokuthi ayikho inzuzo ecacile ekusebenziseni kwabo. "
Amawele ami asetshenziselwa, ajabule, futhi angakaze ahlukumeze emantwaneni wabo ohamba ngezinyawo. Evoti labo mayelana nokuvinjelwa noma ukuvimbela abantwana abahamba ngezinyawo, i-CPSC ithi ingxenye eyodwa kuphela kokulimala 'yayinzima' kunokulimala okulula futhi 'yayifana nezinye zezinto ezisetshenziselwa izingane ezisetshenziselwa ukufana, njengama-cribs, ama-playpens , izihlalo eziphakeme, nokuguqula amatafula. '
Noma kunjalo, asikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwezikhwama kanye nezihlalo eziphezulu futhi siqhubeka nokusebenza ukwenza lezo mikhiqizo iphephile. I-mobile walker yeselula ayidingekile futhi ishintshwe kalula ngesikhungo sokusebenza esimisiwe.
Ngiyavuma ukuthi kufanele ivinjelwe nokuthi abazali akufanele bathenge lapho beqhubeka bethengiswa.
> Imithombo:
> Isitatimende Somgomo Sase-American Academy of Pediatrics. Ukulimala Okuhlobene Nezingane Zokuhamba Nezinsana. I-Pediatrics Vol. 108 No. 3 Septemba 1, 2001. iphe. 790 -792
> IKhomishini Yokuphepha Komkhiqizo Wabathengi. Ukuphepha okujwayelekile kwezingane ezisemncane. Umthetho Wokugcina. 2010.
> IKhomishini Yokuphepha Komkhiqizo Wabathengi. I-National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS).
> Siegel, Andrea C. Imiphumela Yabantwana Abahamba Ngezimoto Nokuthuthukiswa Kwengqondo Ezinganeni Zomuntu. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics: Okthoba 1999. Umqulu 20 - Issue 5. 355-361