Ukuzivocavoca Kungcono Kwabesifazane
Uma ungumzali wentombazane yentombazane, mhlawumbe ucabanga ukuthi akuncane kangcono ukuba ingane yakho ihileleke ezidakamizweni nasotshweni kunabalingani bayo besilisa ngoba nje abafana bangase bangene enkingeni kunamantombazane. Inkinga, ukucwaninga akusekeli lo mbono.
Ngokusho kososayensi, amantombazane asencane abhekana nokuhlukunyezwa okukhethekile ekuthuthukiseni izinkinga zokuphuza utshwala nezidakamizwa ngenxa yokukhungatheka okukhulu kontanga, futhi amantombazane asebasha abhekene nokunye okubangelwa ukuhlukunyezwa kwengqondo uma behlakulela izinkinga zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa.
Amantombazane Okungaphezu Kokuzicabangela
Akekho umzali ofuna ukucabanga ukuthi ingane yakhe izophendukela ekusebenziseni kabi izidakamizwa, futhi abaningi babo bacabanga ukuthi ngeke kwenzeke encekwini yabo . Ngeshwa, izibalo zitshela indaba ehlukile.
Ucwaningo olwenziwa yi-The Partnership for the Free DrugFree.org (manje i-Partnership at DrugFree.org) lathola ukuthi amantombazane asebasha abesengozini enkulu yokuxazulula izinkinga zokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi banamathuba okusebenzisa utshwala nezidakamizwa ekuziphatheni ngemithi abafana.
Amantombazane Bheka 'Izinzuzo' Zokusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa
Ngokusho kocwaningo olufushane ngu-The Partnership, amantombazane asencane, ngaphezu kwabafana, abona izinzuzo ezikhona zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa nokuphuza utshwala. Bacabanga ukuthi izidakamizwa zingabasiza ukuba babhekane nezinkinga zabo, ngokusho ko-2009 Partnership Attitude Tracking Study (PATS).
Ezinye zezinto ezitholwe isifundo mayelana namantombazane asencane ahlanganisa:
- Amaphesenti angu-68% athi, "ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa kusiza izingane ukuba zibhekane nezinkinga ekhaya" (kusuka ku-61% ngo-2008).
- U-53% uthe izidakamizwa zasiza intsha ukuthi ayikhohlwe izinkinga zabo (kusukela kuma-48% ngo-2008).
- Amaphesenti angu-59% amantombazane asetsheni abika ukuthi basebenzisa utshwala (kusuka ku-53% ngo-2008).
- Ukusetshenziswa kwebambiso kwanda 29% kusukela ngo-2008 kuya ku-2009.
Okunye okukhathazayo, ukuhlolwa kwe-PATS kwathola ukuthi isimo sengqondo samantombazane mayelana nezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni siyashintsha. Amantombazane angama-77% kuphela acabanga ukuthi i-Ecstasy ingaba umlutha (kusukela ngo-82% ngo-2008) kanti kuphela amantombazane angu-33% athi "abafuni ukugxila kubasebenzisi bezidakamizwa."
Amantombazane Angaphezu Kakhulu Abangane 'Ukuphuza
Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwabona ukuthi intsha enabangane abaphuzayo cishe iphuze ngokwabo, kodwa leli thonya lingase libe namandla kakhulu kumantombazane, isifundo seVirginia Commonwealth University esingamawele angu-4 700 atholakele. Abafana abesilisa nabesifazane abanabangane bobulili obuhlukile abaphuza bayakwazi ukuphuza.
Abacwaningi bahlola ucwaningo lwezinhlangothi ezimbili zokuthuthukiswa kokuziphatha nezingozi zezempilo ezivela eFinland ukuhlaziya ubuhlobo phakathi kwezici zobungane nokusetshenziswa kotshwala.
Ukucindezelwa Kwezemvelo Kuyisici Esiyinhloko
"Ukutholakala kwethu kusikisela ukuthi amantombazane angase angene kakhulu ekuphuzeni komngane wabo," kusho umlobi oholele uDanielle Dick ekukhululweni kwezindaba, "nokuthi ukuba nabangane abathandana nabobulili obuphuzayo baphinde bahlobaniswe nokuphuza okwedlulele, kokubili kobulili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo kuphakamisa ukuthi ukuhlangana phakathi kwentsha kanye / noma umngane wokuphuza kwakubangelwa kakhulu ngemiphumela ehambisanayo yemvelo kuwo wonke amadoda.
"Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi inhlangano phakathi kokusetshenziswa kotshwala komntwana osemusha kanye neyeontanga yakhe akuyona nje umphumela wezakhi zofuzo ekusetshenzisweni kokusetshenziswa kotshwala kwezingane ezenza ukuba bakhethe ukuphuza ontanga."
Amantombazane amaningi kungenzeka ukuthi abe nokucindezeleka okuhlangenwe nakho
Ukuhlukunyezwa Kwemithi kanye Nokuhlolwa Kwezinsiza Zempilo Yengqondo Kuthola ukuthi amantombazane aneminyaka engama-12-17 amathuba amaningi okuqala ukwelapha izidakamizwa esikhathini esidlule, amathuba okuba ne-co-occurring disorder futhi kungenzeka ukuthi abike utshwala noma i-inhalants njengento yabo eyinhloko yokuhlukunyezwa, kunabesilisa abaneminyaka efanayo.
Umbiko we-SAMHSA uphinde wembula:
- Amaphesenti angu-23 amantombazane ayenenkinga yokubambisana, uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angu-18 abafana.
- I-Marijuana bekuyisidakamizwa esiyinhloko sokuhlukunyezwa ngamaphesenti angu-72 abafana, kodwa kuphela amaphesenti angu-51 amantombazane.
- Utshwala yilo muthi oyinhloko wamaphesenti angu-23 amantombazane nabafana abangamaphesenti angu-16.
- I-cocaine, ama-opiate, nezinye izidakamizwa zaba ngamaphesenti angu-14 okuvunyelwa kwamantombazane namaphesenti angu-8 kubafana.
- Amantombazane ayengaphezu kwamantombazane ukuthi angenele ukwelashwa ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-16 ngotshwala (amaphesenti angu-44 no-30% wabesilisa) kanye nensangu (amaphesenti angu-47 no-39%).
- Abafana bekungenwe amathuba okufaka ukwelashwa ngesistimu yobulungiswa bobugebengu - amaphesenti angu-55 kuqhathaniswa namantombazane angu-39.
- Ukwelashwa kwabakhanjelwe okukhulunywe ngumuntu ngamunye, njengelungu lomndeni, kwakuvame kakhulu kumantombazane (amaphesenti angu-21) kunabesilisa (amaphesenti angu-16).
Okushiwo Abazali
Ukuze uzame ukugcina izingane zakho, ikakhulukazi amantombazane, zihlukumeze kabi izidakamizwa, abacwaningi basikisela ukuthi ulalelisisa amadodakazi akho kanye nezidingo zempilo yengqondo ngenkathi ubhekene nokukhathazeka nokucindezeleka kwabo. Uma abazali besolwa ukuthi intsha yabo ihlola izidakamizwa, kufanele bathathe isenzo ngokushesha, kusho abacwaningi.
Abazali kudingeka futhi baqaphele abangane babantwana babo, kanye nokuthi bachitha kanjani isikhathi sabo ndawonye. "Lokhu kuqwashisa," kusho uDick, "kubaluleke kakhulu kumantombazane, futhi lapho iqembu lobuhlobo linamalungu obulili obuhlukile."
Abazali kudingeka futhi baqaphele ukuthi amantombazane asencane angasebenzisa utshwala nezidakamizwa ukuze baqinise ukuzethemba, ukunciphisa ukungezwani nokubhekana nezinkinga, ngakho-ke lezo zidingo kufanele zibhekiswe ezinye izindlela ezinempilo.
Imithombo:
Dick, DM, et al "Ukuhlukana Kwebulili Kwabangani" Izithonya Ekukhupheni Kwabantwana: I-Genetic Epidemiological Study. " Ukuphuza utshwala: Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha kanye nokuhlola uDisemba 2007
Ukubambisana kwe-American Free-Free. " Amantombazane Asencane: Ukukhula kakhudlwana ekusetshenzisweni kotshwala nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ." Julayi 2010.
Ukuhlukunyezwa Kwemithi kanye Nokuphathwa Kwezinsizakalo zeMpilo Yengqondo. "I- Adolescent Treatment Admissions ngeGender: 2005. " Umbiko we-DASIS May 2007