Okudingayo ukwazi
Iningi lokukhulelwa lihlala cishe amasonto angu-40. Izingane ezizalwa phakathi kwamasonto angu-37 no-42 wokubeletha zibhekwa njengesikhathi esigcwele. Izinsana ezizalwa ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-37 ukubeletha zichazwa njengengaphambi kwesikhathi.
Njengamanje, ukukhuluma ngezokwelapha incazelo yokusebenza ihlelwe emavikini angu-23. Ezibhedlela eziningi lokhu kuyindlela yokusiza kwezokwelapha emzamweni wokulondoloza impilo umntwana ozelwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuyincazelo evulekile esekelwe ukukhiqiza futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi izinsuku zingase ziphele ngamasonto ambalwa kunoma iyiphi indlela. Umntwana ozalwa ngaphambi noma ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-23 ukubeletha ngokuvamile kuzodinga ukungenelela kwezokwelapha okubanzi, kuhlanganise, ukwesekwa kokuphefumula, ukwelashwa okungahambi kahle, nokuhlala isikhathi eside nesinye isikhathi esibucayi eNyunatal Care Intensive Unit.
Izibalo zokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi
- Amaphesenti angu-11,4 azo zonke ukukhulelwa aphela ekudilizweni kokuqala.
- Amantombazane angaba ngu-450,000 e-United States kuphela azalwa maduzane futhi izingane eziyizigidi ezingu-15 zizalwa kuqala emhlabeni jikelele - okungu-1 kwangu-10!
- Amaphesenti angu-80 kanye namaphesenti okuzalwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha akulindelekile.
- Cishe ngo-45-50% wokubeletha kwangaphambi kokubeletha yi-idiopathic. (engaziwa)
- Amaphesenti angama-30 ahlobene nokuqhekeka kwangaphambili kwezibungu. (I-PROM)
- Amaphesenti ama-15-20 atholakala ekuboniseni ngemithi (isibonelo: preeclampsia, ukuphazamiseka, i-IUGR) noma ukudiliva kokuqala kokuqala.
"Izenzakalo eziholela ekuzalweni kwangaphambi kokuzalwa akukaqondakali ngokuphelele, nakuba i-etiology icatshangwa ukuthi iyinkimbinkimbi eminingi.
Kodwa-ke, akucaci ukuthi ukuzala kwangaphambi kokubeletha kubangelwa ukuxhumana kwezinyathelo eziningana noma umphumela ozimele wendlela ngayinye. Izici ze-Causal ezihlobene nokuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa zibandakanya izimo zezokwelapha zomama noma isisu, amathonya ezakhi zofuzo, ukutholakala kwemvelo, ukungabi nabantwana, ukungathandwa kwabantwana, ukuziphatha kokuziphatha kanye nezenhlalo, kanye ne-iatrogenic (ehlobene nokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha noma ukwelashwa). "(WHO)
Uthi bewazi?
- Izinga lokubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi e-United States liye lahla ngonyaka wesikhombisa olandelanayo, ku-11,4 amaphesenti abo bonke abazalwa ngo-2013.
- Lona izinga eliphansi kunazo zonke eminyakeni engu-17! Umgomo kahulumeni wesifundazwe bekubekwe ukunciphisa ukubeletha kwangaphambi kokuzalwa kokusuka ku-12.7% ngonyaka ka 2007 kuya kuma-11.4% ngonyaka ka-2020.
- I-US namanje inezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokubeletha kwangaphambi kwanoma yiliphi izwe eliphezulu lezinsiza
- Izindleko zezokwelapha zengane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi esingaba ngu-$ 54,000, uma kuqhathaniswa neRandi 4,000 ngenzalo enempilo, egcwele isikhathi eside.
- Izinga lokubeletha ngaphambi kokuzalwa lilokhu likhuni ngenkani phakathi kwamanye amaqembu nezinhlanga e-US, kubandakanya abesifazane abamnyama, amaMelika aseMelika namaSpanishi. Izinga lokubeletha ngaphambi kokubeletha phakathi kwabesifazane abangaqinisekisiwe futhi liphakeme kakhulu kunesilinganiso samazwe (amaphesenti angu-19.8 ngo-2013.)
Amaphesenti asekelwe ku-Gestational Age (cishe)
- Amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-70 ezinsana ezingakazalwa zizalwa phakathi kwamasonto angama-34 no-36 ukubeletha.
- Amaphesenti angu-12 ezinsana ezingakazalwa zizalwa phakathi kwamasonto angu-32 no-33 ukubeletha.
- Amaphesenti angu-10 ezinsana ezingakazalwa zizalwa phakathi kwamaviki angu-28 no-32 ukubeletha.
- Amaphesenti angu-6 abantwana abengakazalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwamasonto angama-28.
Amazinga okusinda (cishe asekelwe ezintweni eziningi)
- Izingane ezizalwa ngamaviki angu-23 zinamathuba angu-17 okusinda.
- Izingane ezizalwa emavikini angu-24 zinamathuba angu-39 okusinda.
- Izingane ezizalwa emavikini angu-25 zinamathuba angu-50 okusinda.
- Izingane ezizalwa emavikini angu-26 zinamathuba angu-80 okusinda.
- Izingane ezizalwa emavikini angu-27 zinamathuba angu-90 okusinda.
- Amantombazane azalwa phakathi kwamasonto angama-28 kuya ku-31 ukuya kwesiguli anesisindo sokusinda kwamaphesenti angu 90-95.
- Izingane ezizalwa phakathi kwamasonto angu 32-33 zinamathuba angu-95 okusinda.
- Iningi lezingane ezizalwa ngamasonto ama-34 noma ngaphezulu zinamathuba afanayo okuphila njengengane yesikhathi esigcwele.
Izinkinga zokusinda zikhula njengoba ukukhulelwa kuqhubeka. Njalo ngesonto umntwana usalokhu esibelethweni ithuba lokukhula okukhulayo nokuqhubekayo.
Kodwa-ke, iminyaka yobubeleko akuyona eyona kuphela isici esinqunyiwe sokusindiswa kwezinsana ezizalwa ngokushesha kakhulu. Izinto eziningi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwengane kubandakanya isisindo sokuzala, izinkinga zokukhulelwa ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwamapayipi, ukutheleleka, nokuthuthukiswa kwamaphaphu amancane ukubiza amagama ambalwa nje. Ngenhlanhla, ucwaningo lwezokwelapha nentuthuko lwandise amathuba okuphila ngisho nasezincane kakhulu ezinganeni.
Imiphumela yezibalo (cishe)
Izibalo zamaphesenti ezisekelwe ezinganeni ezelwe ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-26 ukubeletha:
- Labo abangase bahlakulele ukukhubazeka okuphansi kwesibili kuze kube sekuzalweni kokuzalwa- 22%
- Labo abangase bahlakulele ukukhubazeka okulinganiselwe noma izidingo ezikhethekile kusukela ekuzalweni okungakafiki-24%
- Labo abangase bahlakulele ukukhubazeka okuncane- 34%
- Amaphesenti angu-20 kubo bonke abazalwa emasontweni angama-26 ukubeletha noma okudlule ngeke babe nemiphumela yesikhathi eside kusuka ekungcoleni kwabo kwangaphambili.
Ngokususelwa eminyakeni yobudala kanye nesisindo sokuzalwa, izinsana zangaphambi kwesikhathi zifakwa ngokungafani ezinhlotsheni ezichazweyo zokungabi naso kokuqhathaniswa komzimba,
Ubumnene: Amantombazane azalwa phakathi kwamasonto angu-33 no-36 ukubeletha kanye / noma abe nesisindo sokuzalwa phakathi kuka-1500g-2000g (3lbs 5oz no-5lbs 8oz)
Okulinganiselwe : Izingane ezizalwa phakathi kwamasonto angu-28 no-32 ukubeletha ngesisindo sokuzalwa phakathi kuka-1000g-1500g (2lbs 3oz no-3lbs 5oz)
Extreme : Izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-28 ukubeletha noma abanesisindo sokuzalwa esingaphansi kuka-1000g (2lbs 3oz)
- Ingane yangaphambi kwesikhathi, ezalwa phakathi kwamasonto angu-34 no-37 okukhulelwa
- U-Preemie , owazalwa ngamasonto angaphansi kuka-32 okukhulelwa
- Micro-preemie , ozalwa engaphansi kwamasonto angama-25 okukhulelwa
Ukuhlenga kabusha i-Prematurity
I-American Congress of Obstetricians kanye ne-Gynecologists (ACOG) kanye neNhlangano ye-Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) yasanda kumemezela ukuthi bayancoma ukusetshenziswa kwelebula elithi "term" ekukhulelweni kuthathwe indawo yokuqamba iminyaka yobudala.
Ngokusho amagama amasha, i-full term izobhekisela kumaviki angu-39 kuya kumaviki angu-40 nezinsuku eziyisithupha zokukhulelwa. Esikhathini esidlule, ukukhulelwa phakathi kwamaviki angu-37 no-42 kwakubhekwa njengesikhathi esigcwele.
Lolu shintsho lubonisa ukutholakala okuvela ku-National Institute of Health and Development NICHD, ukucwaninga ngemiphumela yezempilo empofu yabantwana abazalwa emasontweni angu-37 no-38 okukhulelwa, (okucatshangwa ngaso sonke isikhathi) uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abazalwa ngemuva kwamasonto angama-39.
Isibonelo, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsana ezizalwe ngemuva noma ngemuva kwamasonto angu-39 okukhulelwa, abantwana abazalwa ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-39 ngu:
- Ngengozi enkulu yokuvunyelwa kuNyunatal Care Intensive Unit (NICU)
- Ngengozi enkulu engama-20% yezinkinga, kuhlanganise nezinkinga zokuphefumula, zokudla, kanye nokushisa; i-sepsis (ukutheleleka okukhulu kwegazi); ne-cerebral palsy
- 5% ngaphezulu amathuba okuba nokukhubazeka kwengqondo noma yentuthuko
- Ngengozi enkulu engama-50% yokufa ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila
Omama abathumela ngemuva noma ngemuva kwamasonto angama-39 okukhulelwa ngokuvamile banemiphumela engcono kakhulu kunomama abahambisa ngaphambi kwamasonto angama-39.
Izigaba ezintsha njengoba kuchazwe yi-NICHD:
- Isikhathi sokuqala: amaviki angu-37 ngamaviki angu-38 nezinsuku ezingu-6
- Isikhathi esigcwele: amaviki angu-39 ukuya emavikini angu-40 nezinsuku ezingu-6
- Isikhathi esilandelayo: amasonto angama-41 angamaviki angu-41 nezinsuku ezingu-6
- I-post-term: amasonto angu-42 nangaphezulu
Izidalwa Ezidumile Zobusuku Namuhla
- U-Napoleon Bonaparte: owazalwa ngo-1769 wayengomunye wabaholi bezempi kunazo zonke emlandweni. Isithombe sakhe esincane sibonakala ukuthi siwumphumela wokuzalwa kwakhe ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
- U-Victor Hugo : i-novelist omkhulu waseFrance, odume kakhulu ngokudala i-Les Miserable, wayengu-preemie owazalwa ngo-1802
- UMark Twain: Umlobi waseMelika ophumelele owazalwa ngo-1835, wazalwa ezinyangeni ezimbili ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
- USidney Poitier: Umlingisi wokuwina umklomelo, umqondisi wefilimu, no-activist.
- UWinston Churchill: Usombusazwe waseBrithani kanye nomholi wezwe, owazalwa ezinyangeni ezimbili ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngo-1874.
- U-Albert Einstein : Wazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi eJalimane ngo-March ka-1879. U-Einstein waqala ukuqala okuncane lapho i-neonatology yayingekho khona futhi yaqhubeka yenza impumelelo evelele ematheksthini nasesayensi.
- U-Anna Pavlova : Wazalwa izinyanga ezimbili ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngo-1881 futhi wakhulela waba omunye we-ballerinas edume kakhulu emhlabeni.
- UPatrick Bouvier Kennedy : Ingane yesithathu kaJacqueline noJohn F. Kennedy yazalwa ngamasonto angu-34 futhi yafa ezinsukwini ezimbili ubudala ngenxa ye-Hyaline Membrane Disease, eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-Respiratory Distress Syndrome noma i-RDS. I-RDS ingenye yezinkinga ezivame ukwedlula isikhathi sokuqala. Ukulahlekelwa komntwana wokuqala womndeni kwashukumisa kakhulu isizwe futhi kwaholela ekuthunjweni kwezinsiza zomphakathi nezangasese kwezocwaningo lwezokwelapha okuholela ekusebenziseni ukwelashwa okusebenza ngama-surfactant ezinganeni ezelwe ngamaphaphu angaphili.
- UStevie Wonder : Umculi waseMelika ozalelwa ngo-1950 futhi wayengomunye wabantwana abengakazalwa ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-40 no-50 abathintekayo ngesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) esenza ukuba alahlekelwe amehlo akhe njengengane. Ukuthuthukiswa ngokwemithi namuhla kuye kwanciphisa kakhulu ingozi ye-ROP ezinganeni ezelwe ngokushesha kakhulu.
- U-Isaac Newton : Usosayensi nomsunguli ochaze imithetho yemandla adonsela phansi. Wazalwa ngo-1643, amancane ngokwanele ukuba afinyelele emgodini we-quart, kusho unina.
- UCharles Darwin: Umsunguli wemvelo wesiNgisi nowososayensi-umsunguli we-theory yemvelo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
- UPablo Picasso: Umdwebi womculi nomSpanishi- umdwebi odumile, umshicileli, i-ceramicist.
- UMichael J. Fox: Umlingisi waseCanada, umlobi, umkhiqizi, nomshushisi.
- UWayne Brady : Umdlali waseMelika, umculi, umculi nomuntu wethelevishini; wazalwa izinyanga ezintathu ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
- UPhillip Phillips: Umculi nomnqobi we-American Idol 2012. Wazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngo-1990 futhi cishe akazange akwenze. Ubenenkinga yokubhekana nezinkinga zokugaya ukudla futhi kuthiwa ungumsindisi we-NEC.
Amarekhodi wamanje
Ezinye izitha ezidumile ziyaziwa kuphela emhlabeni ngenxa yokuzalwa kwazo kwasekuqaleni:
- U-Rumaisa Rahman, owazalwa ngamaviki angu-25 ngo-September ka-2004 esibhedlela saseChicago, ucatshangwa ukuthi ubambe irekhodi lamanje njengengane encane kunazo zonke emhlabeni, esilinganisa ama-244 amagremu noma ama-ounces angu-8.6.
- UJames Elgin Gill, owazalwa ngo-May 1987 e-Ottawa Canada wayengumntwana wokuqala ngaphambi kwesikhathi emhlabeni. Wayenemihla engama-128 engakafiki emasontweni angu-21 nezinsuku ezingu-5 zokubeletha. UJames wayekala u-644g noma i-1bb 6oz. Wasinda futhi kubikwa ukuthi unempilo eneminyaka engama-20.
- U-Amillia Taylor naye ukhulunywe njengomntwana osengaphambi kwesikhathi. Wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 2006 eMiami Florida emavikini angu-21 kanye nezinsuku eziyisithupha zokubeletha. Lapho ezalwa, wayenezingalo ezingu-9 ubude futhi enesisindo esingama-233g noma ama-ounces ayi-10.
Kunezindlela ezimbili kuphela zokuphila impilo yakho. Omunye unjengokuthi akukho lutho oluyisimangaliso. Enye ingathi konke kuyisimangaliso. " - U-Albert Einstein
> Izinkomba
> Umthelela wokubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi emphakathini | March we-Dimes. (nd). Ibuyiswe kusuka ku-http: //www.marchofdimes.org/mission/the-economic-and-societal-costs.aspx
> NgoMashi we-Dimes. (nd). Ibuyiswe kusuka ku-http: //www.marchofdimes.org/materials/premature-birth-report-card-united-states.pdf
> PeriStats | March we-Dimes. (nd). Ibuyiselwe kusuka ku-http: //www.marchofdimes.org/peristats/Peristats.aspx
> Izibalo Zokuzalwa Zangaphambi Kokuqala | I-Brain Statistic. (nd). Ibuyiselwe kusuka ku-http: //www.statisticbrain.com/premature-birth-statistics/
> Prematurity at Birth: Determinants, Consequences, and Geographic Variation - Ukuzalwa kwangaphambi - I-NCBI Bookshelf. (nd). Ibuyiswe kusuka ku-http: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11386/
> I-PRETERM BIRTH NJENGEMPILO YEZEMPILO YOMPHAKATHI. (nd). Ibuyiselwe kusuka ku-http: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2496946/
> Imikhiqizo - Izikhalazo Zedatha - Inombolo 39 - Meyi 2010. (nd). Ibuyiselwe kusuka ku-http: //www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db39.htm
> Izibalo mayelana nokuzalwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi - RightDiagnosis.com. (nd). Ibuyiselwe kusuka ku-http: //www.rightdiagnosis.com/p/premature_birth/stats.htm
> WHO | Ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi. (nd). Ibuyiswe kusuka ku-http: //www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs363/en/