Isikhathi sokudla kokungezwani komzimba sesivele sikhuphuke kakhulu eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Noma nini lapho isihloko sivela, abantu abadala banempendulo efanayo. "Uyakhumbula noma ubani esikoleni sakho sokuqala esikoleni esinokudla kokudla?" Impendulo yeningi ithi, "Ayikho indlela!" Eqinisweni, iningi lizokhumbula ukuthole ibhotela le-peanut eline-pre-eqoshiwe kanye ne-jelly sandwich ezinsukwini lapho bashiya ukudla kwabo kwasemini ekamelweni labo ekhishini.
Manje, izibonakaliso ezingaphandle kwamakilasi zixwayisa abazali ukuthi kukhona ingane ehlushwayo ekilasini bese uhlunga ukudla okungenakukuthumelela nezingane zabo ezingezona izifo. Ezinye izikole zibizwa ngokuthi yi-peanut. Ezinye zezizathu zokwanda kwezehlakalo zibangelwa:
- Ukudla okubangelwa ubisi lwebele lomuntu
- Ukwandiswa kwamanothi
- Ukusungulwa kokuqala kokudla okuqinile
- Amanani okuncelisa ukubeletha ema-1960s no-1970
- Amazinga okuncelisa okuncelisayo kubantu abathile bezizwe
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingane yakho ine-allergies noma ukungabekezelelani kokudla (isikhathi esiphezulu lapho umuntu angakwazi khona ukuphendula okungalungile ekudleni okungaqondwanga ukwanda kwe-IgE), ake sifunde ukuthi ukubeletha kufanelana kanjani ne-puzzle.
Izimo Ezibhekene Nesifo Emntwaneni
Siyazi ukuthi izifo ezibangelwa ukungezwani komzimba zikhona uma kunezinguquko ze-immunologic ku-IgE, kodwa izimo eziningi zingabonakala kusukela kulolu shintsho:
- I-aperic dermatitis noma i-eczema : Isikhumba esomile ngezindawo ezibomvu ngokuyinhloko ebusweni bomntwana. Lokhu akuvamile ukuhlala endaweni ye-diaper noma ekhaleni. Ngomntwana osekhulile, kungathuthuka emlenzeni. Lokhu kuthinta izingane ezingu-18% eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila.
- I-asthma : Ukushaya ebusuku
- Ukushisa
- Izimpendulo : I-diaphragm iyadonswa ngendlela ephawulekayo uma kunenkinga yokuphefumula
- Ukunciphisa ukudla : I-Infantile colic (ithinta ama-15% ukuya ku-40% wezinsana ezinyangeni ezine zokuqala zokuphila), izihlalo ezivulekile, i-reflux, i-atopic dermatitis, i-hives, ukuhlanza, ukuhluleka ukuphumelela
- I-rhinitis ye-allergen : Iphutha le-Runny, amehlo avuliwe
- I-Hives
- Imfiva ethimulisayo
Kwenzekani Ngempela Ukuthola I-allergic?
Indlela yokwehliswa kwemvelo inamandla kakhulu. Ezimweni eziningi, umuntu uyoba nokudlula okungaphezu kweyodwa ku-allergen, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bahlakulela ukucindezela kuye. Ukulandela, kukhona isenzo esingavamile samasosha omzimba lapho umphumela kungukuthi ukuphika kwe-antibody- antigen, okuholela ekusithekeni kwe-lymphokines yi-T-lymphocytes. Kungenzeka ukuba ne-hypersensitivity ebambezelekile ku-allergen, lapho ukusabela kwenzeka khona amahora angu-24 kuya kwangu-48 ngemva kokuvezwa. Ukusabela okusheshayo ngokushesha kwe-allergenic yi-anaphylaxis, ehlolwe ngamagciwane okuqhutshwa ama-lymphocyte B. Ngendlela yokusabela, kukhona ukukhululwa kwamangqamuzana amancane, aqukethe i-heparin ne-histamine bese elandela ukwanda kwe-IgE.
Manje-ke, ubisi lwebele luyiphi indima ekudleni? Amathumbu akhiwa ngamaseli e-epithelial. Ngaphambi kwezinyanga ezingu-6 kuya kwezingu-9 ubudala, i-membrane yamathumbu amantombazane agxila kakhulu kuma-protein - akakaze ahlakulele i-molecule ye-IgA, okuyiyo ehlanganisa ubisi lwebele, okuvame ukumboza amathumbu, ngaphezu kokulondeka ngokumelene ne-bacterial, viral and ukuchayeka okulimazayo. Isibonelo esiphelele ubisi lwezinkomo , oluqukethe amaprotheni ambalwa asebenza njengama-allergen, njenge-lactoglobulin, casein, i-serum albumin (noma i-BSA), ne-lactalbumin.
Ingane (noma ingane) yobisi lwezinyosi ukungezwani komzimba kungabonisa noma yikuphi okulandelayo:
- Ukuvota
- Uhudo olungapheliyo
- Colic
- I-Colitis
- Ukukhala okungapheli
- Ukungathandi ukuphakelayo
- Amaphethini okulala ampofu
- I-Eczema
- I-Hives
- Ukukhwabanisa okuhle kwe-diaper
- Ubukhulu obukhulu
Ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu, izifo eziningi zemitholampilo zihambisana nobisi lwezinkomo ezibangelwa ukwelashwa - ukubekezelelana kokudla, ukungezwani kokudla / ukucindezeleka, ukudla kwe-anaphylactic, nokusabela kwe-anaphylactoid.
Ingabe Kukhona Ukuvimbela Ukuqeda Imithi?
Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esidlule luye lwasikisela ukuthi ukugwema komama kokudla okuthile, njengama-peanuts kanye ne-shellfish, ngesikhathi sesithathu sokukhulelwa kwakhe kungakhusela ukudla kokungenwa kwemvelo, kodwa ucwaningo lwamuva nje alubonisi ukuhlangana phakathi kokudla kokukhulelwa komama nokuvinjelwa kwemithi.
Noma kunjalo, ucwaningo oluningi luqinisekisa ukuthi ukubeletha okukhethekile (ngisho nenyanga encane) kunganciphisa ukuthi i-eczema kanye nokudla kokudla kudla kangakanani. Njengazo zonke izihloko zokuncelisa, sizwa izeluleko eziphikisanayo mayelana nokuncelisa nokubeletha, futhi kufanele siqaphele ukuthi izifundo zokungezwani komzimba zinzima kakhulu ukuzenza ngenxa yezizathu eziningi - isingeniso sokudla, izici zofuzo, nokudla komama okubaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukuncelisa kusalokhu kukhonjiswe yi-American Academy of Pediatrics njengendlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukulimala ezinganeni.
Ingabe I-Formule Ilungcono Ngempilo Yomzimba?
Okokuqala, ake siqaphele ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zefomula zisemakethe: ubisi lweenkomo, soy, hydrolyzed (njenge-Alimentum ne-Nutramigen), kanye ne-elemental amino-acid etholakala (njenge-Neocate, Neocate One +, Elecare). Amamama amaningi ahluleka ukwenza ifomula uma ingane yabo isabela encwadini yobisi lwezinkomo, kodwa lokhu akuyona indlela ehamba phambili kakhulu yokuhamba - iphrotheni ye-soy ingase ibangele impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba kanye nokwehliswa kwegazi (nakuba ngaphansi kwesibisi sezinkomo). Eqinisweni, amathuba okuba nokubekezelelana kwe-soy kanye nobisi lwezinkomo zithinteka ngesikhathi esisodwa kusuka ku-0% ukuya ku-60%. Izinga eliphakeme lezinto ezenzekayo libikwa ku-enterocolitis noma ukungenwa kwe-enterocolitis okungenayo igE. Ucwaningo luye lwahluleka ukufakazela noma yikuphi ukunciphisa ekuthuthukiseni izimo ezibuhlungu ebuntwaneni (nasebuntwaneni) okuvela ku-soy uma kuqhathaniswa nobisi lwezinyosi.
Ingabe Ukuyeka Ukubeletha Kungcono Ukwelashwa Uma Ingane Ikhona?
Awudingi ukuyeka ukuncelisa ingane yakho. Noma kunjalo, zikhona izifundo zokusebenzisa ifomula ye-Neocate yokwelashwa kwe-colic. Kulolu cwaningo, ubisi lwezinkomo lwususwe ngokuphelele ekudleni komama futhi ingane yafakwa ku-Neocate izinsuku ezingu-4 kuya kwezingu-8. Izingane zonke zamukele kahle kulokhu kungenelela futhi iningi libuyele ebeleni cishe kungabikho izinkinga.
Imithombo:
Greer FR: Imiphumela Yezinhlelo Zokuqala Zokudla Okunomsoco Ekuthuthukiseni Izifo Eziphethwe Izifo 121: 183-191, 2008.