Ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, ezinye izinto ezitholakala nge-ultrasound ezifana nokutholakala kwesikhwama se-yolk kanye ne- crown-to-rump ratio zisetshenziselwa ukucacisa impilo yokukhulelwa, iminyaka yokugonywa kanye nokuhleleka kokukhulelwa . Ngemuva kwe-trimester yokuqala, noma kunjalo, i-embryo iye yaba yintsana kanye namasheya amasha asetshenziselwa ukungena eminyaka yobudala futhi ahlole impilo ye-fetus.
Phakathi kwamakaki asetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukukhula kwentombazane kanye nempilo ubude besifazane womntwana, ithambo elide elangeni lomuntu. Kulinganiselwa ekugcineni kwesithambo emgqonyeni, ubude besifazane buvame ukulinganiswa ngamamitha.
Ukulinganiselwa kobude be-Femur njenge-Indicator ye-Health pregnancy
Ngesikhathi ukutholakala kwe-femid length esifushane kwi-ultrasound kungase kubonise isidingo sokuhlolwa okuqhubekayo ukuze kukhishwe izimo ezithile, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukulinganiselwa okukhona kokusebenzisa ubude besifazane njengomklamo womphumela wokukhulelwa ompofu. Kusuka ekuphutheni komuntu kuya kwimishini e-ultrasound eyedlule kuze kube ukuhlukahluka okuvamile, ubude besifazane buyingqayizivele eyodwa kuphela phakathi kwabaningi okufanele kusetshenziselwe ukwenza izinqumo mayelana nekusasa lokukhulelwa, futhi ngokuvamile ukulinganiselwa okuningi kuyasiza.
Ngenkathi i-femur ubude obuncane ekhonjiswe kwi-ultrasound ku-trimester yesibili noma yesithathu iphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngemibandela ethile echazwe ngezansi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi iningi lalezi zikhukhula (amaphesenti angu-73), abazali bazoqhubeka bephethe isikhathi esigcwele ukulethwa kwengane enempilo ebusayizi bayo obufanele iminyaka yobudala.
Isisu
Uma ubude be-femur litholakala ngaphansi kwe-percentile yesihlanu, abesifazane bangabeliswa mayelana nemiphumela eminingi yokukhulelwa engaba khona. Ukukhathazeka okuwukuthi amantombazane ane-femur ubude obuncane-okulindeleke atholakale abekwe engozini enkulu ye-skeletal dysplasia, okunye okubizwa ngokuthi i-dwarfism.
Kunezinkinga ezingaphezu kwezingu-200 ezingahle zihlukaniswe njenge-dysplasia yamathambo, futhi zonke zibhekene nesifuba esingavumelani ngenxa ye-cartilage ne-bone ukukhula okungavamile. Lokhu kuhluke ngesifushane esifushane, okungukuthi ukuphakama okungu-3 noma ngaphezulu ukwehluka okujwayelekile ngaphansi kwencazelo yobudala kodwa kuyafana.
Ukungeneli kwamapulazi
Ezinye izifundo ziye zaphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nokwaneliseka kwe- placenta ukuhlinzeka imvelo eyanele yokondla amantombazane anezikhathi ezincane ze-femur. Ngenxa yalowo mvelo, ubude be-femur ubude buhlanganiswa neminye imiphumela ekhukhumezayo yokukhulelwa njengezitho zomzimba ezincane zonyaka wokubeletha, izingane ezizalwa ngesisindo sokuzalwa esincane, nokuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa.
Aneuploidies
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubude be-femur ubude bube bufishane obusetshenzisiwe njengama-soft marker ngezimo ezithile ezakhiwe njenge-trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), i-trisomy 13 (i-Patau syndrome) ne-trisomy 18 (i-Edward's syndrome). Amakhamera asheshayo "amafulege abomvu" atholakele kuma-ultrasound okungenalo okungajwayelekile, nge-se, kepha kunalokho izici ezenzeka kaningi emphakathini wabantwana abanezinhlamba ziye zazama ukukhomba amakhodi we-ultrasound okungelona okungajwayelekile ngempela, kodwa okwenzeka ngokujwayelekile emabhokisini nge-chromosomal trisomies.
Uma kuqhathaniswa namamaki aphakeme aphezulu njengamahlombe esikhumba se-nuchal, ubude besifazane bubhekwa njengamakaki aphansi ephansi we-syndrome.