Uhlobo lokuhlolwa kokubeletha okungakwazi ukuhlola izimo ezithile.
I-amniocenteis, evamise ukufinyezwa ku-amnio, ukuhlolwa kokuxilongwa ngokuvamile okwenziwa phakathi kwamasonto angu-15 ukuya kwangu-20 okukhulelwa. Le nqubo ihilela ukukhipha isamba samaminerali amniotic (i-fluid ezungeze intombazane ekhulayo) kusuka esibelethweni. I-amniotic fluid ingahlolwa ukuze inqume ukuthi i-fetus inezinhlobo ezithile zeziphambeko ze-chromosomal.
Kwenzekani Phakathi Nama-Amniocenteis?
Phakathi ne-amniocenteis, i-ultrasound isetshenziselwa ukubona ngeso lengqondo ingane.
Khona-ke, inaliti encane kakhulu ifakwe kwisisu esingaphansi futhi inani elincane (cishe u-ounce) lwe-amniotic fluid lisuswa.
I-amniotic fluid iqukethe amangqamuzana esikhumba e-fetal asele futhi ashayela emithonjeni yama-amniotic. Lawa maseli esikhumba adluliselwa ebhokisatri futhi kuhlolwa i-karyotype ukuhlinzeka isithombe se-chromosomes yengane. Ukuhlolwa kwe-fluorescence in hybridization (FISH) kungenziwa futhi.
Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Amniocentesis Kuyini?
Ngokuvamile, ukuhlolwa kwe-amniocentesis ngezinto ezintathu:
- okungajwayelekile kwe-chromosome njenge-Down syndrome
- amaphutha we-neural tube ezifana ne-spina bifida ne-anencephaly
- izifo zofuzo ezizuze njengefa njenge-cystic fibrosis, i-sickle cell anemia, nesifo se-Tay-Sachs
Kokubili ukuhlolwa kwe-FISH kanye ne-karyotyping kuhlaziye ngokuqondile ama-chromosomes e-fetus ukuze anqume ukuthi noma ngabe yini ingane engenayo i-Down syndrome noma enye i-trisomy. I-Down syndrome, ebizwa nangokuthi i-trisomy 21, iyinto engavamile kakhulu ye-chromosome futhi ibangelwa ukuba nekhophi eyengeziwe ye-chromosome 21.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-FISH akunikezi isithombe esiphelele sawo wonke ama-chromosomes womntwana, kodwa angakunika impendulo esheshayo mayelana nama-trismi. Imiphumela ye-test ye-FISH iyatholakala ezinsukwini ezingu-1 ukuya kwezingu-2. I-karyotype ithatha isikhathi eside (amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu), kodwa ikunika ulwazi oluphelele mayelana nama-chromosomes wengane.
I-amniocenteis ibuye ihlolwe kwezinye izinto ezingavamile ze-chromosome kufaka phakathi i-trisomy 18 ne-trisomy 13. Ukuhlola kuthola amaphesenti angu-99 azo zonke izinto ezingavamile ze-chromosome. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-amniocentesis ukuhlolwa kweziphambeko ezivulekile ze-neural tube, njenge-spina bifida ne-anencephaly, ngokulinganisa iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), ethola amaphesenti angu-96 azo zonke iziphambeko ze-neural tube.
Lokhu kuthiwa, noma amniocentesis noma i- chorionic villi sampling (CVS) ingahlola konke ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa. Ngakho ngenkathi imiphumela evamile evela ku-amniocentesis iqinisekisa, ayiqinisekisi ukuthi ingane yakho iyoba nempilo.
Uma ukhathazekile ngesifo esithile sofuzo, ungase ufune ukubuza udokotela wakho noma umeluleki wezofuzo uma ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha kuyatholakala kulolu daba.
Ukuthola i-Amniocentesis
Iningi labesifazane liyamangala ukuthi i-amniocentesis ayibuhlungu kanjani. Ngenkathi abanye besifazane benesisindo esingenakunqotshwa noma ukucindezeleka ngesikhathi senqubo, iningi labo alizwa ubuhlungu nhlobo. Inqubo ngokuvamile iyashesha, futhi i-ultrasound isetshenziselwa yonke inqubo yokuqapha isikhundla somntwana nokuqinisekisa ukuthi inaliti ayithinti umntwana.
Uma uthola imiphumela ye-amniocenteis yakho, kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho noma uchwepheshe wezakhi zofuzo mayelana nokuthi imiphumela yakho isho ukuthini.
Kubalulekile ukuthola ulwazi olunembile, olusesikhathini samanje mayelana nanoma yikuphi ukuxilongwa owuthola ku-amniocentesis.
I-Amniocenteis Ihluke Kanjani Ku-Sample Vrioric Villi (CVS)?
Zombili amniocentesis kanye ne-chorionic villi sampling zihlolwa ukuhlolwa kokubeletha ngaphambi kokubeletha futhi udinga kuphela ukuba nalezi zinqubo ngesikhathi ukhulelwe. Nakuba kokubili ukuvivinya kukunikeza ulwazi mayelana nama-chromosomes wengane, kukhona ukungezwani okubalulekile phakathi kwezinqubo.
I-amniocenteis ihluke kwi-chorionic villi sampling (CVS) ngezindlela ezimbili:
- Isikhathi - I-amniocenteis yenziwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngesikhathi se-trimester yesibili. Ngokuvamile kwenziwa phakathi kwamasonto angu-15 kuya kwangu-20 okukhulelwa. Ukuhlolwa kwe-CVS, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwenziwa ngo-trimester wokuqala, phakathi kwamasonto ayishumi kuya ku-13 okukhulelwa.
- Imiphumela etholakalayo - I-amniocentesis kanye ne-chorionic villi sampling izokunikeza isithombe samakhromosomu wesisu okuzohlola ukuthi i-Down syndrome inokuthi kunembile ngamaphesenti angu-99. Kodwa-ke, nge-amniocentesis, into ebizwa nge- alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) iphindwe futhi. Isibalo se-AFP ku-amniotic fluid singasiza ukunquma ukuthi ngabe ingane isifo se-neural tube ezifana ne-spina bifida noma i-anencephaly.
Iminyaka eminingi, i-amniocentesis yayicatshangelwa ukuthi inengozi encane yokukhulelwa kwesisu ngokuqhathaniswa ne-CVS. Kodwa-ke, manje sekuyaziwa ukuthi ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu ngenxa yalezi zinqubo ngokufanayo-cishe i-1/300 kuya ku-1/500, lapho eyenziwa umuntu obhekene nezinqubo zombili.
> Imithombo:
> I-American College yezidakamizwa namaGynecologists (ACOG). (September 2015). Izivivinyo zokuxilonga zeziphene zokuzalwa.