Konke okufanele ukwazi mayelana nokuhlolwa kweso lengane
Ukuhlolwa kweso njalo kwombono kubalulekile ngoba ukungajwayelekile okuningi kunokwethenjelwa uma kutholakala kusenesikhathi, futhi kungaphenduliwe, kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kombono nokuphuphuthekisa. Phakathi kwezinkinga zombono udokotela wakho wezingane uzohlola ingane yakho ngokufaka:
- Strabismus - Ukungahambisani kahle kwemehlo amabili, okuthinta izingane ezingaba ngu-4%. I-Strabismus ivame ukuchazwa ngokuqondiswa kokungahambisani kahle, okungaba ngaphandle (exotropia), ngaphakathi (isotropia), phezulu (hypertropia) noma phansi (hypotropia). Ingane ingase iphinde ibe ne-phoria ekuphambanweni kwelanga kuphela uma enye yamehlo igubungelwa noma lapho ikhathele noma igula.
- I-Amblyopia - Ukunciphisa umbono esweni, okungaba yinkimbinkimbi kumbindi, i-anisometropia (amaphutha okungafani okubukisisa emehlweni womabili, isibonelo, uma iso elilodwa libheke kakhulu kunalinye iso), izifo zesifo sofuba, njll.
- Amaphutha e-Refractive - Njenga-myopia (ukubhekwa kwe-closesightedness) ne-hypermetropia (ukubhekwa phambili).
Ezinganeni ezincane, ukuhlolwa kombono kuzovame ukuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwe-reflex ebomvu (ukuhlolwa kwe-cataracts kanye ne-retinoblastoma), ukulungiswa kwamehlo (amehlo angalungile angabonisa ukuthi i-strabismus) nokunyakaza kwamehlo.
Ukubukwa kombukiso
Izingane ezindala, eziqala eminyakeni emithathu ubudala, kufanele zivivinye ngokwengeziwe ngokomqondo wombono wazo. Kuze kube yilapho ukuhlolwa komzimba okusemthethweni kwenzeka ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu ubudala, umbono wezingane ezincane ungabuyekezwa ngokubheka ukuthi balungise kanjani futhi balandelele izinto kanye nomlando wabazali bomntwana. Izimpawu ezibucayi zezingane zihlanganisa ukukwazi ukulandela into eya emkhatsini wamaviki amabili okuqala angu-2-6, i-midline eyedlule ngezinyanga ezingu-1-3 bese ulandela into eyi-180 degrees ngezinyanga ezingu-3-5.
Uma ngabe ingane yakho ingahlangabezane nalezi zinsuku zokuthuthukiswa ngesikhathi, kufanele ubone udokotela wezingane ukuze uhlole.
Okunye ukuhlolwa kungabandakanya ukuhlolwa kwe-reflex light light, lapho ukukhanya kuqondiswa ibhuloho lempumu futhi ukukhanya okukhanyayo kuhlolwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kuvumelana noma kukhanya endaweni efanayo kuwo wonke amehlo.
Uma i-reflex yokukhanya ivaliwe-isikhungo noma ingavumelani kuzo zombili amehlo, khona-ke ingase ikhombise ukungalungi kwamehlo. Lokhu kuyasiza ukuhlukanisa i-pseudostrabismus, isimo lapho amehlo abonakala ehlukumezwa khona ngenxa yamapulangwe e-epicanthal avelele noma ibhuloho elibanzi elisemngceleni futhi elingadingi ukwelashwa, kusuka e-strabismus yangempela.
Ukuhlola okungahlanganiswa kwekhava kungasetshenziselwa ukucacisa ukuthi ngabe usana noma umntwana omncane uzolandela yini into ngesikhathi omunye amehlo eboshiwe. Isibonelo, udokotela wakho wezingane uyakwazi ukubona ukuthi ingane yakho ingakwazi yini ukulungisa futhi ilandele ithoyizi ngamehlo womabili, bese umboza iso lesobunxele bese ubona ukuthi uyaqhubeka yini ukuyilandela ngeliso lakhe lesokudla. Khona-ke, iso lesokudla limbozwe ukubona ukuthi uzoyilandela yini ithoyizi ngeso lakhe lesobunxele. Uma ezwa ngempela noma enqaba ukulandela into uma umboza enye yamehlo akhe, lokho kungase kubonise ukuthi umbono kwelinye ilanga linciphile.
Ezinganeni ezindala, ukuhlola okungahlanganiswa kwekhava nakho kuyasiza ukuhlola i-strabismus. Ngenkathi ingane ibheka into ede kakhulu, njengetshe lesiso noma ithoyizi, faka enye yamehlo akhe. Uma elinye ilanga liphuma noma lingena, lokho kungase kubonise ukuthi amehlo akhe aphikisiwe futhi unezinkinga. Uhlolo lubuye luphindwe ngokumboza elinye iso.
Uma Udinga Ukuhlola Okuqhubekayo
Ezinye izinkinga ezibonisa isidingo sokuhlolwa okuqhubekayo zifaka abazali bebona ukuthi amehlo abo umntwana awela, ukuthi amehlo abo awaqondile noma uma nje abonakala bengaboni kahle. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izingane ezincane ngokuvamile azibiki izinkinga ngombono wazo, ikakhulukazi uma inkinga iso kwelinye iso kanti elinye iso lihlala kulo.
Abadala, izingane zesikole ubudala, bangabika ukuthi abakwazi ukubona ibhodi, noma bangase babe nezikhwama ezivamile, umbono ophindwe kabili, noma bavame ukukopisha. Ukuhlolwa okuhlelekile kwezinto ezibukwayo ngokuvamile kuvunyelwe uma ingane ineminyaka emithathu ubudala, nakuba izingane ezineminyaka emibili zingakwazi ukuhlolwa ngekhadi lesithombe.
Ishadi le-Allen lihlanganisa izithombe ezibonakala kalula, kuhlanganise ikhekhe, isandla, inyoni, ihhashi, kanye nocingo.
Olunye uvivinyo oluvame ukusetshenziswa kubantu abaneminyaka engu-3-5 ubudala luyi-E ethatha ishadi noma umdlalo we-'E ', ishadi elinombhalo u-E ohambweni oluhlukile (phezulu, phansi, kwesokudla nangesobunxele) namasayizi. Izingane zivivinywa ngokubuza ukuthi yikuphi ukuqondisa noma ukuqondisa uhlamvu E lukhona ngosayizi ngamunye wezinhlamvu. Ukuze ulungiselele ingane yakho kuloluhlolo, ungadlala umdlalo okhombayo ukuvimbela ukuphumula eMelika. Futhi banakho ikhophi ye-Distance Vision Test yezingane ezincane, esebenzisa ishadi E, nokuthi ungayisebenzisa yini ekhaya.
Kuzingane ezingakwazi ukubona ezinye izinhlamvu, uhlelo lwe-HOTV, lapho izinhlamvu H, O, T ne-V zikhonjiswa ngobukhulu obuhlukene eshadini zingasetshenziswa. Ingane inikezwa ibhodi ene-H, O, T ne-V enkulu kuyo, futhi iyala ukuba ikhombe ebhodini elifanelana nencwadi eshadini.
Izingane ezindala zingabuyekezwa ngeshadi elivamile le-Snellen elisetshenziselwa abantu abadala. Ngokuvamile, ishadi le-Snellen linembile kakhulu futhi kufanele lisetshenziswe uma kungenzeka.
Amazinga we-Visual Acuity
Ngemuva kokuthi ukuhlolwa kwenziwe, isinyathelo esilandelayo sinquma uma ingane idlulisa ukuhlolwa, ngoba izingane zasenkulisa zasenkulisa azidingeki ukuba nombono we-20/20 ukudlulisa ukuhlolwa. I-American Academy of Pediatrics ikhiphe izindinganiso zobuciko obubonakalayo eminyakeni ehlukene, kufaka phakathi:
- 20/40 izingane ezine-3-4 ubudala
- 20/30 yezingane ezindala
- 20/20 esikoleni izingane ezineminyaka yobudala
Ngaphandle kokubonakala kwabo okubonakalayo, indlela amehlo omntwana ahlobana ngayo nomunye kubalulekile. Kunoma yikuphi ubudala, uma kukhona umehluko womugqa ophakathi kwamehlo, lokho kungabonisa ukulahlekelwa okujulile kombono, njengokwesibonelo, uma iso linye lingama-20/20, kodwa elinye iso lingama-20/40. Noma uma iso elilodwa lingama-20/30 kanti elinye iso lingama-20/50.
Izingane ezingabambisani noma abahluleka ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwesikhundla ehhovisi likaPeditrician, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa imizamo eminingi, kufanele kubonwe yi-Ophthalmologist yezingane ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa okungokomthetho okwengeziwe.
Ukudluliselwa ku-Ophthalmologist yezingane kuyisimo esihle kubantwana abane-strabismus ngemuva kokuba baneminyaka eyisithupha ubudala, uma benayo i-ptosis, lapho i-eyelid i-droops ephakeme, noma uma iso likhona noma lihamba kancane, nakuba likhona ngokuvamile kuvamile uma amehlo esana olusanda kuzalwa noma olusana olusana luwela. I-Strabismus yinye isimo sezingane lapho ukulinda nokubona 'indlela yokuthola ukuthi ingane ingakhula yini kule nkinga akufanelekile. Izingane kufanele futhi zibonwe yi-ophthalmologist uma zisengozini enkulu yokuthola izinkinga ezibukwayo, njengezingane ezisencane, izingane ezine-Down syndrome, i-Sturge Weber syndrome, i-JRA, i-neurofibromotosis, isifo sikashukela noma i-Marfan syndrome, izingane ezizalwa ngesifo sofuba, noma uma kunomlando womndeni we-strabismus noma ezinye izinkinga zeso lesane.
Futhi, uma udokotela wakho wezingane enganikeli umbono wokuhlola ekubukeni kweminyaka engu-3 ubudala, ungase ucabange ukubona i-ophthalmologist yezingane ukuze kuhlolwe umbono wengane yakho.
Iyini i-Ophthalmologist yezingane?
I-Ophthalmologist udokotela (MD), oqeqeshwayo kuhlanganisa iminyaka engama-4 ekolishi, iminyaka engama-4 esikoleni sezokwelapha, unyaka ongu-internship kanye neminyaka engu-3 yokuqeqeshwa kokuhlala e-ophthalmology. Ngaphandle kokumisa izibuko noma ama-lens, ama-ophthalmologists ahlonza futhi aphathe ukukhathazeka kwamehlo amaningi futhi enze ukuhlinzwa kweso.
I-Ophthalmologist ye-Pediatric (MD), ngaphezu kokuqeda isikole sezokwelapha, indawo yokuhlala kanye nokuhlala kwama-ophthalmology, usuqedile unyaka owengeziwe wokuqeqeshwa kobudlelwane ku-ophthalmology yezingane.
I-Optometrist (OD) ivame ukuqeda iminyaka engu-2-4 ekolishi kanye neminyaka engama-4 yekolishi yokufunda. I-optometrist ingakwazi ukuxilonga neskrini ukuze ibone okungavamile futhi ibeke izibuko nama-lens okuxhumana.
Ngokusho kwe-American Academy of Pediatrics, 'uma udokotela wakho wezingane ebonisa ukuthi ingane yakho ihlolwe amehlo, i-ophthalmologist yezingane isinezinhlobo eziningi zokwelapha, ukuqeqesha okubanzi kakhulu nokubanzi, nobuchwepheshe obukhulu kakhulu ekusebenzelaneni nezingane nokuphathwa ukukhathazeka kwamehlo kwezingane. '
Thola i-Ophthalmologist yezingane ezakini endaweni yakho. Uma ungenazo izinsiza zezimali ukuze uhlolwe umbono wengane yakho noma izinkinga zakhe ziphathwe, bheka lezi zinsiza zokusiza:
- Ukubheka Abafundi - Lolu hlelo lunikeza izivivinyo zemibukiso nezibuko ezinganeni ezingaqinisekisiwe e-United States.