Izinselele Zentuthuko Yengane Yakho
Abazali bavame ukulangazelela lapho ingane yabo, ingane encane, noma enye ingane encane ifinyelela emigqumeni yabo yentuthuko, njengokumomotheka, ukuqhubekela phambili, ukuhlala phezulu, ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuqala, ukubala kuya kweshumi, nokuhlanganisa izicathulo zakhe, njll.
Hlola lezi zici ezivame ukuthuthukiswa kanye neminyaka lapho izingane zivame ukuzithola khona, ngakho-ke wazi ukuthi zihamba yini, noma ungabona ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwengane yakho kungase kubambezeleke.
Ngokuvamile abazali badikibala ngokuqhathanisa ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwengane yabo ngokumelene neyazinye izingane. Isizathu ukuthi kunezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene uma izingane zifinyelela ezinyathelweni eziningi. Isibonelo, izingane eziningi ziqala ukuhamba kahle ngesikhathi esithile phakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-11 no-15. Uma unamaqembu ezinyanga ezingu-12, cishe uzobona abanye behamba kahle kakade, futhi abanye abaningi basanda nje behamba bezungeza ngenkathi babambelele ezintweni. Futhi konke kungathuthuka ngokujwayelekile.
Futhi ngisho nangaphandle kwezinto ezihlukahlukene zokuthuthukiswa okuvamile, zikhona njalo lezo ziqhakaga zakudala kanye neziqhumane eziphuzile ezibuye zithuthuke ngendlela evamile, futhi.
Uma ngabe ingane yakho ingafinyeleli izinyathelo zakhe zokuthuthukiswa ngesikhathi, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wezingane ukuze ubone ukuthi kungenzeka yini kube nenkinga nentuthuko yakhe nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokubambezeleka kokuthuthukiswa.
Ukumomotheka
Ukumamatheka kuyimbangela yokuthuthukisa iningi lezingane elifinyelela ngesikhathi lapho linamasonto ayisithupha kuya kwangu-8 ubudala.
Kukhona empeleni izinhlobo ezimbili zokumamatheka ezinganeni:
- ukumomotheka okuzenzekelayo noma okucishe kufinyeleleke okungenzeka ekuqaleni kwenkathi esanda kuzalwa, futhi
- ukumomotheka komphakathi okwenzeka ekusabela okuthile, njengokungathi uma ukhuluma noma uhlabelela ingane yakho
Ukumomotheka kwezenhlalakahle kuyinkimbinkimbi yentuthuko iningi lentombazane elifinyelela lapho liphakathi kwezinyanga ezimbili ubudala. Ukungazwakali komphakathi ngezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala kubhekwa njengento yokuqala ye-autism .
Ukumomotheka okungazenzeki kungenzeka ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuphila komntanakho futhi kufanele kube khona ngesikhathi enamaviki ayishumi ubudala.
Ukuhleka
Ukuhleka kuyisenzakalo esiphuthumayo sokuthi izingane eziningi zifinyelela ngesikhathi lapho zinamaviki ayisithupha kuya kwayishumi nambili ubudala.
Akufanele kusimangaze ukuthi izingane ziqala ukuhleka ngalesi sikhathi. Ngemuva kwalokho, amaviki ayisithupha ngokuvamile lapho abazali beqaphela ukuthi i-colic, engenza abantwana bantfwana, iqala ukuthuthukisa.
I-Rolling Over
Ukuguqulwa kuyisinyathelo esiphuthumayo sokuthi iningi lezingane lifinyelela ngesikhathi lapho lineminyaka emibili kuya kweziyisithupha ubudala. Ngokuvamile kuyisinye seziqalo zokuqala ezihamba phambili abazali ababheke phambili kuzo.
Ukuchitha isikhathi esincane esivamile noma esiswini sabo, njengoba ukukhululwa kwezincomo zokubuyela emuva kuya ekunciphiseni ingozi ye-SIDS, kuye kwabangela ezinye izinsana ukuba ziqhubeke kancane kancane kunokuba zijwayele.
Kungabangela ukubambezeleka okunye ekutholeni ezinye izinyathelo ezibalulekile, kufaka phakathi ukuhlala phezulu nokukhahla. Ngenhlanhla, ngenkathi beyizingane ezincane, lokhu kubambezeleka konke kubonakala sengathi kuyanyamalala kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingane yakho ilele kanjani, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi kufanelekile ukuchaza lezi zingane njengokuba 'ne-lag' ekuthuthukiseni kwabo hhayi ukulibaleka kwangempela. Uma ufuna ukugwema le 'lag,' ungase uzame isikhathi esisodwa semini phakathi nosuku.
Noma kunjalo, izinsana eziningi ziyaqeda uma ziphakathi kwezinyanga ezimbili kuya kweziyisithupha ubudala, kuqala ukusuka phambili kwazo ziye emuva, bese zivela emuva zazo ziye phambili.
Uhlezi Phezulu
Ukuhlala phansi kuyisenzakalo esiphuthumayo sokuthi iningi lezingane lifinyelela ngesikhathi lapho lineminyaka emihlanu nengxenye kuya kwezinyanga eziyisikhombisa ubudala.
Yenye yezimpawu ezinkulu ezithinta abantu abazali ababheke phambili kuzo.
Ukuchitha isikhathi esincane esivamile noma esiswini sabo, kusukela ukukhululwa kwezincomo zokubuyela emuva zokulala ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi ye-SIDS, kubangele ukulibaziseka kwezinsana ekutholeni ezinye izinto ezibalulekile. Lezi zenzakalo ezibalulekile zihlanganisa ukuhlala phezulu, ukuqhubekela phezulu, nokuhamba. Ngenhlanhla, ngenkathi beyizingane ezincane, lokhu kubambezeleka kuyabonakala sengathi kuyanyamalala kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingane yakho ilele kanjani, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi kufanelekile ukuchaza lezi zingane njengokuba 'ne-lag' ekuthuthukisweni kwazo hhayi ukulibaleka kwangempela. Uma ufuna ukugwema le 'lag,' ungase uzame isikhathi esisodwa semini phakathi nosuku.
Noma kunjalo, izinsana eziningi zihlala ngaphandle kokusekelwa uma ziphakathi kweminyaka emihlanu nengxenye kuya kwezinyanga eziyisikhombisa ubudala.
Ukuma Ngenkxaso
Ukuma ngokusekelwa kuyisenzakalo esiphuthumayo sokuthi izingane eziningi zifinyelele ngesikhathi sezizinyanga eziyisithupha nesigamu kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye ubudala.
Ukubona ingane yakho imile ngokusekela kuyamnandi ngoba wazi nje ukuthi kungenzeka nje isikhathi esithile ngaphambi kokuthi ahambe futhi asebenze yonke indawo.
Khumbula ukuthi ngisho noma izinsana zingama ngokusekela, ngokuvamile azikwazi ukuzidonsa esikhundleni sokuma zize zize zinezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili kuya kweziyishumi ubudala.
Ukuthatha Izinyathelo Zokuqala
Ukuthatha lezo zinyathelo zokuqala kuyisenzakalo esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwezinsana eziningi ezingena phakathi kwezinyanga eziyishumi nanye neshumi nanhlanu.
Yini eyenza izingane zisuke zihamba ngokuhamba ngezinyawo, lapho zihamba khona lapho ziqhubekele ezintweni, zithathe lezo zinyathelo kuqala?
Ingabe isibindi, ukulinganisela, noma nje ithuba?
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisiphi isizathu, iningi lezinsana ziqala ukuhamba kahle phakathi kwezinyanga eziyishumi nanye neshumi nanhlanu.
Waving Bye-Bye
Ukugubha isiteji esithuthukisayo lapho iningi lezingane lingafinyelela khona uma lineminyaka eyi-7 kuya kwengu-14 ubudala.
Nakuba ukuvuma ukuhamba nokuhlehla kubonakala sengathi kuyinto ejabulisayo kuphela yokufundisa ingane yakho, empeleni iyisenzakalo esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa. Iningi labachwepheshe bacabanga ukuthi kungaba uphawu lokuqala lwe-autism noma olunye udaba lokuthuthukiswa uma ingane yakho ingenzi lutho lapho ineminyaka eyishumi nambili ubudala. Lezi zenzo zihlanganisa ukugada, ukukhomba, nokufinyelela izinto.
Khumbula ukuthi iningi lezingane zingagxuma uma zinezinyanga eziyisikhombisa kuya kwezingu-14 ubudala.
Ukusebenzisa i-Pincer Grasp
Ukusebenzisa i-pincer grasp kuyimbangela yokuthuthukisa eyenza iningi lezingane zifinyelele lapho zinezinyanga eziyisikhombisa kuya kwezingu-11 ezindala. Ungayibona lapho ingane yakho iqoqa isipuni.
Ngaphambi kokuba basebenzise ukuqonda okucacile komunwe wesithupha, cishe ezinyangeni ezingaba ngu-7 kuya kwezingu-11 ubudala, izinsana zivame ukukhetha izinto eziningi ezingasetshenziswa.
Ukudlala Ukuzenza
Ukuzenza sengathi udlala, noma ukulingisa imisebenzi, kuyisenzakalo esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwezinsana lapho izinsana eziningi zifinyelela khona lapho zinezinyanga ezingaba yishumi kuya kweziyishumi nane ubudala.
Ukuzenza sengathi udlala ngokuvamile kuhilela izinto ezifana nokusebenzisa igundane lekhompyutha njengefoni, ukulingisa umsebenzi omncane oye wabona abazali bakhe abenza njalo.
Izingane zizoqala futhi ukukopisha abanye abazali babo imisebenzi yansuku zonke yansuku zonke, njengokuthuthumela nokukhulayo, ezinyangeni ezingaba ngu-18.
Ukuzenza sengathi uzodlala kuzothola ulwazi oluthe xaxa njengoba ingane yakho ikhula; isibonelo, ingane yakho yenza sengathi uyidokotela, umshayeli womlilo, noma umqhubi wemoto yomhlanga.
Ukusho Amazwi Okuqala
Ungase uzwe amazwi omntwana wokuqala, ngokuvamile umama noma udada, lapho ingane yakho ineminyaka eyisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye ubudala ubudala.
Ngaphambi kokukhuluma kwamazwi okuqala wengane yakho, ingane yakho kufanele isho amakholomu angabodwa futhi ihlale ihlambalaza noma ikhuluma. Ukungaziboni izinyanga eziyishumi nambili kubonakala ochwepheshe abaningi njengesibonakaliso sokuqala se-autism noma esinye isifo sokuthuthukiswa.
Izinsana eziningi zikhuluma kahle ngaphambi kwezinyanga eziyishumi nambili. Eqinisweni, uyovame ukuzwa amazwi okuqala omntanakho, okuvamise ukuthi umama noma udade, ngenkathi eneminyaka eyisithupha kuya kweyisishiyagalolunye ubudala. Ingane yakho ngeke isetshenziswe lawo magama ngokuqondile noma ngokufanele kuze kube yilapho ineminyaka engu-7 kuya kwezingu-13 ubudala.
Ukudlala Nabanye
Ukudlala okufanayo kufana nezingane eziningi ezineminyaka emibili ubudala.
Ukudlala kweqembu nokuhlanganyela akuvame ukuguqukela kuze kuphele iminyaka emithathu. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, izinsana nezincane ezincane zidlala nje ngokwabo eduze komunye nomunye, ngokudlala okufanayo.
Ukuhamba Izinyathelo
Izinyathelo zokuhamba ziyisenzakalo esithuthukisayo esincinci esincane esingafinyelela kuzo uma sineminyaka engu-14 kuya kwezingu-22 ubudala.
Intsha encane ingahamba ngezinyathelo uma ineminyaka engu-14 kuya kwezingu-22 ubudala.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuthatha amasango ezinyathelo zakho okwamanje. Gcina izinto ezingenelwe ingane kuze kube yilapho ingane yakho ikhulile. Khumbula ukuthi amasango kufanele afakwe kokubili phezulu nangaphansi kwazo zonke izitebhisi ekhaya lakho. Isikhathi esingakanani? Mhlawumbe okungenani kuze ingane yakho ikwazi ukuyivula eyedwa.
Ukukhomba Izithombe
Ukukhomba izithombe kuyisenzakalo esibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izinsana eziningi zifinyelela uma zinezinyanga ezingaba ngu-18 kuya ku-24 ubudala.
Nakuba ungaqala ukufunda ingane yakho noma ingane yakho kunanoma isiphi ubudala, kuba mnandi uma beqala ukukhomba izithombe ezincwadini.
Intsha encane ingabhekisela ezithombeni uma ineminyaka eyi-18 kuya kwangu-24 ubudala, elandelwa maduzane ngokuqamba izithombe ezikhomba kuso.
Ukudla NgeSpoon kanye Nomfoloko
Ukudla nge-spoon noma imfoloko kuyinkimbinkimbi yezingane eziningi eziphakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-13 no-21-nakuba zingase zihlasele.
Uma beqala ukuzidla, iningi lezingane ngeke libuyele emuva ekudleni ngumzali noma omunye umhlinzeki. Esikhundleni salokho, bathanda ukusebenzisa iminwe yabo, okungenani baze bafunde ukusebenzisa i-spoon, izingane ezinzima kakhulu ezifinyelela phakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-13 no-21.
Khumbula ukuthi ngisho noma ingane yakho iqala ukusebenzisa i-spoon, ifomu, noma indebe, lokho akusho ukuthi kuyoba kuhle kakhulu ngaso leso sikhathi. Ngakho-ke usengalindela ukungcola ekudleni okwesikhashana isikhathi eside.
Ukugibela i-Tricycle
Ukugibela i-tricycle iyisenzakalo esiphuthumayo sokuthuthukiswa kwengane izingane eziningi ezingasifinyelela ngesikhathi beseneminyaka emithathu ubudala.
Abasenkulisa bangase bafunde ukuhamba ngezinyawo uma sebeba neminyaka emithathu ubudala.
Ngesine, ngokuvamile bangafunda ukugibela ibhayisikili ngamabhayisikili okuqeqesha, okuyinto abangayenza uma beneminyaka engaba ngu-5 kuya kwengu-6 ubudala.
Ukubala
Ukubala kuyimbangela yokuthuthukiswa eyenza izingane eziningi zifinyelele uma seziyiminyaka emine kuya kwemihlanu nengxenye ubudala.
Njengokufunda ama-ABC abo nokunyathelisa igama labo, kubalulekile ukuthi izingane zasenkulisa zifunde ukubala ukuze zilungele ukuqala ubergergen.
Ukufunda ukubala kungathatha ezinye izindlela, ngakho ungadikibali uma ingane yakho ingayitholi ngokushesha. Khuluma nodokotela wakho wezingane uma ungacabangi ukuthi ingane yakho isendleleni yokuqala inkulisa noma kunjalo, kuhlanganise nokuthi ayikwazi ukubala, ukuphrinta igama lakhe, ukuqaphela izincwadi, ukunaka isikhathi esifushane, njll.
Khumbula ukuthi iningi lezingane lingabalelwa kuyishumi noma ngaphezulu uma beneminyaka emine kuya kwemihlanu nengxenye ubudala.
Izincwadi Zokubhala
Iningi lezingane lingabhala izincwadi bese lipela igama labo ngesikhathi beneminyaka emihlanu ubudala, okuyisikhathi sokuba baqale ubolisa .
Ukwenza Umbhoshongo Wezakhi
Ukwenza umbhoshongo wamabhlogo kuyimbangela yokuthuthukisa eyenziwa yizingane eziningi ezinyangeni ezingaba ngu-24 kuya kwezingu-36.
Iningi lezingane lidlala ngokudlala ngamabhuloki. Akungabazeki ukuthi noma ubani wabo uyaqaphela ukuthi ukufakwa kwemigqomo ibe ngumbhoshongo empeleni kuyisimo esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa. Ukwenza umbhoshongo wokuvimbelwa ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengendlela yokubuka isisombululo-yezimoto / yokuxazulula izinkinga, futhi izingane eziningi zingenza umbhoshongo we:
- 2 amabhlogo ezinyangeni ezingu-15 kuya ku-21
- 4 amabhlogo ngezinyanga ezingu-17 kuya ku-24
- 6 amabhlogo ngezinyanga ezingu-18 kuya ku-30
- Amabhuloki angu-8 ezinyangeni ezingu-24 kuya ku-36
- 9 izivimbe emva kweminyaka emithathu
Ukuzigqoka
Lesi yisenzakalo esiphuthumayo sokuthi izingane eziningi zingafinyelela ngesikhathi beseneminyaka emithathu kuya kwemibili nengxenye ubudala.
Ngaphambi kokuba bafunde ukuzigqoka ngokugcwele, ingane yakho ingase ifunde:
- uthathe izingubo zakhe phakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-14 no-24
- sigqoke izingubo eziphakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-21 no-30
- gqoka i-t-shirt phakathi kwe-2 1/2 neminyaka engu-3 1/2
Ingane yakho izofunda ukuthi igqoke futhi igqoke ngaphandle kosizo, kufaka phakathi inkinobho yokugqoka izingubo zakhe, uma ineminyaka engu-3 kuya kwengu-4 1/2 ubudala.
Ukuhlanganisa izicathulo
Ukubopha izicathulo kuyisenzakalo esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwengane izingane eziningi okufanele zifinyelele uma ziseneminyaka emihlanu ubudala.
Nakuba kulolu suku lwezicathulo ze-Velcro ne-Crocs, kungase kubonakale sengathi ingane yakho ingase ingadingeki ifunde ukubopha izicathulo zakhe, izingane eziningi zifunda cishe iminyaka emihlanu ubudala.
> Imithombo:
> Inhlangano Phakathi Kwendawo Yokulala Nokuthuthukiswa Kwezimoto Zokuqala. I-Majnemer A - J Izingane Zengane - 01-NOV-2006; 149 (5): 623-629
> IsiLimi seziLimi zoLimi nokuCwaningwa kweMigomo ye-Milestone Scale: Ukubikezelwa kokuCognition e-Infancy. Thatha i-AJ - Dev Med Child Neurol - 01-DEC-1986; 28 (6): 762-71
> I-Denver Developmental Assessment (Denver II)
> Ukuhlola Ukusebenza Okuthuthukisiwe. Okudingekayo Ekuqhakambiseni. Thatha i-AJ - I-Pediatr Clin North Am - 01-FEB-1973; 20 (1): 3-26
> Izinkomba Zobulwimi Nezicwaningomabhuku Phakathi Nezinyanga ezimbili zokuqala zokuphila: Inqubomgomo Yokusetshenziswa Kwezinguquko zolimi. Thatha i-AJ - Clin Pediatr (Phila) - 01-NOV-1978; 17 (11): 847-53