I-Heroin yinkinga ekhulayo phakathi kwabantu abadala. Nakuba ukusebenzisa i-heroin phakathi kwentsha kuncane kunezinye izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni , ngenxa yemiphumela emibi kanye nokuphakanyiswa kokusetshenziswa kwabantu abadala, abazali kudingeka baqaphele.
Iyini iHeroin?
I-heroin yisidakamizwa se-opioid esiluthayo esivela ku-morphine, isidakamizwa esitholakala e-Asia opium poppy plant plant pods. Kungenziwa ukujova, ukubhema nokukhishwa phezulu.
Ngokuvamile ngesimo somuthi omnyama we-tar (okwenzela igama elithi "black tar heroin"), noma i powder emhlophe noma emhlophe.
Ukusebenzisa i-Heroin kudala ukuzwakalisa, ukulala nokulala. Izingozi zokusetshenziswa kwazo zihlanganisa i-hypoxia, ukunciphisa oksijeni egazini elithinta ubuchopho. Ukusebenzisa isikhathi eside kungabangela izinkinga zamasuli, njengezintuthwane eziwehliwe lapho zisetshenziselwa ukungena ngaphakathi, izimpukane nezinkinga zomzimba, phakathi kwabanye.
Kukhona izingozi ezikhungweni ezibangelwa ukungcola komuthi, okuvame ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izinto nezithasiselo ezingaba yingozi futhi zibulale.
Izibalo zokusetshenziswa kwe-Heroin Phakathi kwentsha
Nazi ezinye izibalo ezithakazelisayo zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-heroin ezisuka ku-National Survey yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa nempilo (NSDUH):
- Iphesenti labasha abaneminyaka engama-12 kuya kwengu-17 ababona ingozi yokusebenzisa i-heroin kanye noma kabili ngeliviki benqabe phakathi kweminyaka ka-2002 kuya ku-2010 kusuka kumaphesenti angu-82 kuya ku-80.5%.
- Cishe amaphesenti angu-11,6 entsha acabanga ukuthi kulula ukuthola i-heroin, nokuthi iyatholakala kubo.
- Ngo-2010, isilinganiso seminyaka yokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi sokuqala phakathi kwentsha kanye nabantu abadala, abaneminyaka engu-12 kuya ku-49 ubudala, kwakuneminyaka engu-21.3, okuyinto encane kakhulu kunomkhawulo ka-2009 eminyakeni engu-25.5.
Ububanzi be-Teen Heroin Use Namuhla
Ukuze uqonde inkinga yezibalo ze-heroin ukusetshenziswa phakathi kwentsha, kufanele ubuyele emuva ngo-1975 kuya ku-1979.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kubika ukuthi abafundi base-high school babesetshenziswe ngonyaka odlule behlelwe isigamu kusuka kumaphesenti angu-1 kuya ku-0.5%. Leli nani liye lalingana ngo-1993, kodwa laqala ukukhuphuka futhi ngonyaka ka-1994, linyuka ngasekupheleni kwawo-1990 kanti ekuqaleni kuka-2000 nalezi zinombolo:
- Izigcawu ezingu-8 (1.6%)
- Ama-graders angu-10 (1.4%)
- Ama-graders angu-12 (1.5%)
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-heroin kuye kwehla. Esikhathini esedlule kakhulu, i-Monitoring the Future Study kusukela ngo-2005 kuya ku-2011, inani lama-teens asebenzise i-heroin ngonyaka odlule kuwo onke amamaki amathathu awela phakathi kuka-0.7% no-0.9%.
Lapho intsha izwa ukuthi ingafinyelela kalula izidakamizwa, inikeza umlayezo ukuthi uyisidakamizwa abangase bayisebenzise. Esikhathini Sokuhlukunyezwa Kwemithi kanye Nokuhlolwa Kwezinsizakalo Zempilo Yengqondo Emayelana Nokusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa Nezempilo (NSDUH) amaphesenti angama-29,7 abakwa-12th graders athi i-heroin ilula ukuthola futhi amaphesenti angu-12,6 e-8th graders avumelana.
Esinye isibalo esihlukumezayo siseqembu elidala labantu abadala, njengoba labo ababika ukuthi basebenzise i-heroin okungenani kanye esikhathini sokuphila kwabo bekhuphuke kusuka kumaphesenti angu-1.7 ngo-2005 kuya ku-1.9% ngonyaka ka-2010.