Ezweni eliphelele, intsha ingakhuluma nabazali babo ngezinqumo zabo zocansi. Babezoxoxa nabazali babo ngempilo mayelana nokuzala kwabo noma babambe izingxoxo ezithembekile mayelana nezinhlelo zabo zokuzibandakanya ngokocansi. Futhi, abazali banganikeza imfundo mayelana nokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokocansi nokubeletha.
Ngeshwa, eziningi zalezi zingxoxo azikaze zenzeke.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukukhathazeka kwentsha abazali bakhe bayodumazeka ezinqumweni zakhe noma unamahloni ukuveza imibuzo mayelana nocansi, intsha eningi ayizwa ikhululekile ukuya kubazali bayo.
Kodwa intsha eningi izwa ikhululekile ukukhuluma nodokotela bayo ngezinqumo zabo zocansi nokukhathazeka kokuzala. Ukumangazwa kwabazali abathile, intsha ingase ihlolwe ukukhulelwa noma yokwelashwa ngezidakamizwa zobulili ngaphandle kwemvume yabazali.
Ngenkathi imithetho yombuso ihlukahluka ngemininingwane, ingane yakho inelungelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo okuyimfihlo nokuzala ngokocansi. Kodwa abazali abaningi abaqiniseki ukuthi lokho kusho ukuthini. Bayazibuza izinto ezifana nalezi:
- Ingabe ingane yami ingayikhipha isisu ngaphandle kwami?
- Uma udokotela efunda ingane yami inesifo socansi, ingabe udokotela angitshele?
- Uma indodakazi yami ikhulelwe, ingabe ngingafakazela ukuthi yanikela ingane ukuba ilandelwe?
- Ngabe udokotela anganikeza indodakazi yami umgomo we-HPV noma ngabe angifuni ukuba nayo?
Amalungelo Asemntfwaneni Wakho Emtholampilo Wezokubeletha Okuyimfihlo
Ukufihla emkhatsini wodokotela nesiguli-ngisho nalapho leso siguli sincane-kubalulekile empilweni enhle. Intsha eningi ngeke ithembeke nodokotela bayo uma becabanga ukuthi ulwazi lwabo lwezempilo ludalulwa kubazali babo.
Ukwengeza, intsha eningi ayifuni ukufuna ukwelashwa noma ukwelashwa ngezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi uma abazali babo bekufanele bahileleke ekuqeshweni.
Esifundweni sesifunda sabantu abasha, amaphesenti angu-20 kuphela entsha athi bayokhuluma nodokotela ngokulawulwa kokubeletha, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, kanye nezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi uma udokotela ayegunyazwe ukubika lolu daba kubazali babo.
Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokocansi nokuzala okuyimfihlo akuyona inhloso yokugcina abazali ebumnyameni. Kodwa-ke, kwakusho ukunikeza intsha ukufinyelela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo okubalulekile. Ngaphandle kwalo, izifo eziningi ezithathelwana ngocansi zingase zingaphathwa kabi futhi intsha eningi ingase ikwazi ukufinyelela ekulawulweni kokuzalwa.
Ukuyimfihlo kudlula impilo yokuzala kwabantwana. Intsha nayo inelungelo lokuthola imithi yengqondo eyimfihlo nokuphathwa kabi kwezidakamizwa.
Kwamanye amazwe athi, odokotela bangathola isenzo sokuqondisa izigwegwe ekudaluleni ulwazi oluyimfihlo lwezingane zocansi. Kwamanye amazwe, odokotela banenkululeko encane xaxa ekunqumeni ukuthi kungase kube yini isithakazelo esingcono kakhulu kumntwana omncane ukuthi umzali aziswe.
Ukubeletha Nokuhlela Komndeni
Izinga lokukhulelwa kwentsha liye lahlehla e-United States eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule kanti ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kubangelwa ukutholakala kokufinyelela ekulawulweni kokuzalwa. Eminyakeni engu-30 eyedlule, izibalo ziye zakhula ikhono labancane lokuthola ukuvimbela ukubeletha ngaphandle kwemvume yabazali.
Njengamanje, izifunda ezingu-21 kanye neSifunda saseColombia zivumela ngokucacile ukuthi izingane zivume izinsizakalo zokukhulelwa. Abazali akudingeki baziswe uma ingane encane ihlinzeka ukulawula ukubeletha.
Abanye bathi vumela kuphela izingane ukuba zivume ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, njenge:
- Uma udokotela enquma ingane encane izobhekana nenhlekelele yezempilo ngokungabikho kwezinsizakalo zokukhulelwa
- Uma ingane encane noma ikhulelwe ngaphambilini
- Uma ingane encane isiqedile isikole esiphakeme noma ifinyelele eminyakeni ethile encane
- Uma ingane encane iveza "ukuvuthwa"
- Uma uchwepheshe, njengomunye udokotela noma ilungu labafundisi, ubhekisela encane kumasevisi
Ngaphansi kwezimo eziningi, intsha ingathola amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha, amakhondomu, ukukhulelwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo, nezinye izisu zokubeletha ngaphandle kolwazi lwabazali babo.
I-HPV Vaccine
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-papillomavirus zabantu zidluliselwa ngocansi. Ngenkathi ezinye izinhlobo ze-HPV zingaholela emdlalweni wesibeletho somlomo wesibeletho, ezinye zingase ziholele emagqatsheni omzimba. Ezinye izinkinga zibonakala zingenayo imiphumela eyingozi.
Umgomo wokuvikela i-HPV uvimbela izinhlobo ze-HPV ezibangelwa amacala amaningi omdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kanye namagciwane omzimba. I-American Academy of Pediatrics kanye ne-American Academy of Family Physicians batusa ukuba bonke abafana namantombazane bathole umgomo we-HPV eneminyaka engu-11 noma 12.
Kodwa abazali abaningi banenkinga mayelana nomgomo futhi abafuni ingane yabo ukuba nayo. Kodwa kwezinye izimo, izingane zifuna umgomo, nakuba abazali babo bephikisa.
Kwamanye amazwe, izingane zingakwazi ukuthola umuthi wokugoma, kungakhathaliseki ukuphikiswa kwabazali babo. Kwezinye izifundazwe, kepha abazali kufanele banikeze imvume ngaphambi kokuba umgomo unganikezwa.
Ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa nokululekwa
Intsha ingathenga ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa okungaphezulu kwe-counter esitolo ngaphandle kolwazi lomzali. Bangaphinda bafune ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa nokululekwa kusuka kudokotela ngaphandle kwemvume yomzali.
Ngaphansi kwezimo eziningi, udokotela ngeke akuveze ukuthi ingane yakho ithathe ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa. Esikhundleni salokho, udokotela uzokhuluma nengane yakho mayelana nezinketho zakhe futhi amtshele ngamalungelo akhe esifundazweni sakho.
Ukunakekelwa kokubeletha
Izifunda ezingamashumi amathathu nambili kanye neSifunda saseColombia kunemithetho ecacisa ukuthi izingane zingavuma ukunakekelwa kokubeletha. Ezinye zivumela udokotela ukuba anikeze ukunakekelwa kokubeletha kodwa ake uvumele udokotela ukuba atshele abazali uma enesithakazelo esincane somntwana.
Ukuhlola nokwelapha izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi
Zonke izivumela ukuthi izingane zivume ukuhlola nokuphathwa kwezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi. Ngakho-ke osemusha osolwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi unesifo se-STI angabuza udokotela wakhe ukuba ahlole futhi avivinye. Khona-ke, angase anikezwe imithi noma enze inqubo yokwelapha isifo.
Izifunda eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili zivumela udokotela ukuba azise umzali uma kunesithakazelo esingcono kakhulu kwentsha. Kodwa, lokho akusho ukuthi udokotela unesibopho sokuxhumana nabazali.
Amazwe amaningi anemithetho ehlukene ehlolisisa ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV nokwelashwa. Nakuba ezinye zithi zivumela izingane ukuba zivume ukwelashwa, ezinye ziyala ukuthi udokotela kufanele atshele umzali uma ukuhlolwa okuncane kunempilo.
Ukukhipha isisu
Naphezu kokunciphisa kwentsha ekubelethweni, amantombazane angama-250 000 asebasha asekhulelwe njalo ngonyaka. Izifundo zilinganisela ukuthi amaphesenti angama-75 alabo abakhulelwe ayilindelekile.
Phakathi kwabangu-15 kuya ku-19 ubudala abaneminyaka engu-19 ngo-2011, cishe amaphesenti angama-60 okukhulelwa aphela ekuzalweni. Amaphesenti angaba ngu-26 abasha abhipha isisu.
Imithethonqubo yokukhipha isisu kubantwana ihlukahluka kombuso kuya kwesimo. I-Connecticut, Maine, neSifunda saseColombia bavumela abancane ukuthi bavume ukukhipha isisu ngaphandle kwesaziso sabazali.
Amazwe angamashumi amabili nanye adinga okungenani umzali oyedwa imvume yokukhipha isisu. Kodwa, izifunda ezingu-12 zidinga okungenani umzali oyedwa waziswa ngokukhipha isisu, kodwa lowo mzali akakudingi ukunikeza imvume.
Ezinye izidinga ukuthi umuntu omdala anike imvume, kodwa omdala akudingeki abe ngumzali. Ugogo noma ugogo, isibonelo, angakwazi ukunikeza imvume.
Ezinye zithi kuvumela izingane ukuba zidlule abazali ngokuthola imvume yenkantolo. Ijaji lingase licabange ingane encane ukuba ikwazi ukutshela umzali ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, njengalapho umzali engadlali indima ebusweni bentsha noma uma kukhona ubufakazi bokuhlukunyezwa.
Ukwamukelwa
Iningi livumela ukuthi ingane ibeke ingane ukuze ilandelwe ngaphandle kwemvume yabazali bayo. Amazwe ayishumi adinga ukuthi umuntu omdala abe yingxenye yenqubo yokwamukelwa.
Amazwe amane adinga abazali bezingane ukuba bavume ngaphambi kokuba babeke ingane ukuze bayitholwe. I-Pennsylvania idinga ukuba abazali baziswe, kepha akudingeki ukuba banikeze imvume.
Amanye amazwe adinga ukuthi izingane zingenani iminyaka engu-16 ngaphambi kokuba zivunyelwe ukunikeza imvume. Okunye okuvumela imvume yomzali ukuba ikhishwe uma ingane encane "ikhulile ngokwanele futhi ikwaziswa kahle."
Okokugcina, izifunda ezimbalwa zinikeza iseluleko somthetho esinqunywe yinkantolo ukuba simele ingane encane enkantolo. Iseluleko sezomthetho sisiza ekukhulunyweni kwezicelo.
Isibopho sokunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa kwezingane
Uma uneminyaka engu-16 enomntwana, futhi ingane idinga ukuhlinzwa, ingabe uneminyaka engu-16 angayivuma? Kwezinye uthi, impendulo inguyebo.
Cishe wonke amazwe avumela ingane encane ukuthi umzali avume ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kwezingane. Kodwa, akuwona wonke amazwe avumele ingane encane ukuthi ivume ukuhlinzwa.
Ukubika okugunyaziwe
Odokotela banqunywe izintatheli zokuhlukunyezwa nokunganakwa. Ngakho-ke ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, udokotela angadingeka ngomthetho ukubika ulwazi kumasevisi okuvikela abantwana.
Uma umfana oneminyaka engu-14 eveza ukuthi uya ocansini nomuntu oneminyaka engu-35 ubudala, isibonelo, udokotela angase adingeke azise iziphathimandla ukuthi uxhatshazwa ngokocansi. Udokotela angabuye azise abazali uma ingane ishaywa ngokocansi.
Izindlela Ongazifunda Ngengozi Ngokunakekelwa Kwezempilo Kwezingane Zakho
Yiqiniso, ngenxa yokuthi ingane yakho ayikutsheli-futhi udokotela akayikukudalula-akusho ukuthi ngeke uyithole. Uma ingane yakho isebenzisa umshuwalense wakho wezempilo, ungase uthole incazelo yezinzuzo emeyili. Kodwa, ingane yakho ingase iphinde icele udokotela ukuthi angayikhokhisi umshuwalense wakho.
Imitholampilo eminingi inikeza ngezinsiza zamahhala nezindleko ezenzelwe intsha. Ngakho-ke, ingane yakho ingakwazi ukukhokhela ukwelashwa kwayo yedwa, noma kungenzeka ukuthi akufanele ikhokhe lutho.
Ungase futhi uthole isikhumbuzo sokuthi ingane yakho inikwe ukuqokwa kwadokotela efonini yakho uma ingane yakho ingafuni ihhovisi ukuba lingabizi. Noma, kungenzeka ukuthi ubone umlayezo wombhalo ovela ekhemisi ukukhumbuza ingane yakho ukuba ithole imithi yakhe.
Khuthaza Intsha Yakho Ukuba Ize Kuwe
Akekho umzali ofuna ukushiywa ebumnyameni mayelana nempilo yengane yabo. Ukubamba izingxoxo ezivulekile nezithembekile mayelana nobulili nengane yakho kuyisihluthulelo sokukhuthaza ingane yakho ukuba ifike kuwe.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuvumela ingane yakho ikhulume nodokotela ngasese. Uma uhambela ama-aphoyintimenti wakho, misela ukuzithethelela emaminithini ambalwa ukuze ingane yakho ingabuze imibuzo noma iveze imininingwane engase ingazizwa ikhululekile ukukhuluma ngawe.
> Imithombo
> Guttmacher Institute: Okubalulekile mayelana Nemithetho Yokukhipha Isisu
> I-Guttmacher Institute: Isiqephu Sokwaziswa Kwemvume Yabancane
> HealthyChildren.org: Ukwaziswa Ngezingane: Okudingeka Ukwazi Ngobumfihlo
> I-New York Civil Liberties Union: Ikhadi Lokubhekisela: Amalungelo Amancane Okuya Ekunakekelweni Kwemfihlo Nokunakekelwa Kwezempilo Ngocansi eNew York
> Ihhovisi lezeMpilo ye-Adolescent: Amathrendi ekukhulelwa kwentsha nokubeletha