Izingane zitholakale ekukhangiseni kotshwala ngama-social media, amavidiyo, ithelevishini, omagazini kanye nomsakazo. Imboni yotshwala idonsa izigidi zamadola wokukhangisa abezindaba abezama ukuthonya izinqumo zezingane zakho futhi athole ukwethembeka kwabo. Basebenzisa imidiya yedijithali nezenhlalakahle ngokuphumelelayo futhi bahambise imigqa phakathi kokukhangisa nokuqukethwe. Utshwala lwemikhiqizo luxhasa futhi imicimbi, izinhlangano, kanye nezimbangela zokuthola amagama abo phambi komphakathi, kuhlanganise nentsha.
Kukhona isizathu salokho. Kukhona izifundo eziningi zesikhathi eside ezixhumanisa intsha ekukhangiseni utshwala ekungeniseni ukuthi izingane zizoqala ukuphuza ekuseni noma seziqalile ukuphuza, ziphuze ngaphezulu. Abazali abaningi bafuna ukugcina izingane zabo ziphuza utshwala isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuqala ukuphuza ukuphuza kungabangela izinkinga hhayi kuphela lapho zisencane, kodwa futhi kamuva ekuphileni. Ukuxoxa ngezingozi zokuphuza ngokweqile ngesikhatsi sakho esikoleni esiphakathi noma izingane ezincane kuyisinyathelo esisodwa ekuzivikeleni ekucindezelweni nasekulingeni ukuphuza.
Isikhungo soMnotho WokuTshwala Nentsha (i-CAMY) esikoleni sikaJohn Hopkins Bloomberg Sempilo Yomphakathi siyi-watchdog embonini yotshwala kanye nemikhuba yayo yokukhangisa. Lokho okucwaningwa kwabo okutholile kungase kuphazamise abazali abazama ukugcina izingane zabo zihlukumeze izidakamizwa.
Isimboni sezokwephuza senze ngokuzithandela umkhawulo wamaphesenti angama-30 ngokwawo ngokulingana kwezilaleli ezingaphansi kokukhangisa kwayo, kodwa ukutadisha ngemuva kokucwaninga kwe-CAMY kutholile ukuthi intsha yaseMelika ivuleleke ekukhangiseni okuningi kwe-booze.
Ukukhangisa Utshwala Kuyasebenza
Ucwaningo luye lwabona ukuthi abazali banesizathu esihle sokucasula ukudayiswa kotshwala. Ucwaningo oluthile oluthola ukuthi kudoli ngayinye imboni yotshwala idlulisa ukukhangisa kwentsha, intsha iphuza amaphesenti amathathu ngaphezulu ngenyanga ngayinye. Isikhangiso ngasinye esibhekwa ngabasha abangu-1,872 abahlolisisiwe sabangela ukukhuphuka kwephesenti elilodwa kwenani leziphuzo ezidliwe ngale nyanga.
Abantu abasha ezimakethe lapho kunezinhlawulo zokukhangisa utshwala bavame ukuqhubeka bephuza ukuphuza kwabo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuze kube yilapho badla iziphuzo ezilinganiselwa ku-50 ngenyanga abaneminyaka engama-25. Okubalulekile ukuthi, ukukhangisa abantu abasebasha kubona, baphuza kakhulu.
Ukukhangisa Izici Izinsiza Zokukhangisa Zentsha
Abacwaningi be-CAMY bathole ukuthi izikhangiso eziningi ezibekwa omagazini ngobuningi bokufundela kwentsha futhi kumafomethi ezomsakazo ezikhalaza ezineminyaka engama-12 kuya kwezingu-20 ziyiziphuzo ezithinta abaphuza abasha. Iziphuzo ezaziwa ngokuthi iziqhumiso ezidakayo ezincane kanye "nemilternatives" zikhangiswa ikakhulukazi emakethe yentsha.
Ucwaningo lweminyaka emihlanu lokukhangisa komagazini lithole ukuthi amaphesenti angama-23.1 wezikhangiso eziphuza utshwala omdala avela kumagazini abanezingane eziphakeme zokufunda, futhi cishe inani eliphindwe kabili lalingama-42.9 wamaphesenti wezikhangiso zokuphuza utshwala olutsha lwafakwa kumagazini ofanayo.
Iziteshi zomsakazo zentsha ezibhekiswe
Esinye isifundo sokukhangisa komsakazo sitholile ukuthi abantu abasha abaneminyaka engu-12 kuya ku-20 bezwe ubhiya obunamaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye no-ale nokukhangisa kanye nokukhangisa okungaphezulu kwamaphesenti angu-12 kunama-adults. Okumangalisa ukuthi intsha izwe izikhangiso ezingaphezulu kwezingamaphesenti angu-14 zemimoya ecwecwe noma udoti olunzima.
Ucwaningo lubuthole ukuthi amaphesenti angu-73 okukhangisa kwezokwephuza utshwala abekwe eziteshini ezine-Rhythmic Contemporary Hit, i-Pop Contemporary Hit, i-Urban Contemporary, nama-Alternative amafomethi, uhlobo lomculo oheha izilaleli ezilalele kakhulu ezilalele abaneminyaka engu-12 kuya kwengu-20 ubudala .
Amaqembu Asemasha Ezintsha ahloswe
Olunye ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi izikhangiso zotshwala zibhekiswe emaqenjini athile abhekwa amathuba okuba angengozini emlayezo wokukhangisa. Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi izikhangiso zamaphephandaba zihloswe amantombazane ngaphezu kwabafana abanezikhangiso zebhiya ne-ale, imimoya e-distilled, kanye nokuvuselela utshwala obuphansi.
Intsha emnyama ingenye iqembu elibhekiswe embonini yotshwala. Ukucwaninga kwe-CAMY kuthole ukuthi abasha abamnyama baboniswa izikhangiso ezingaphezulu kwamaphesenti angu-32 kumamagazini, ngaphezulu kwamaphesenti angu-17 kuthelevishini, futhi amaphesenti angu-20 angaphezulu angasetshenziswa ngokusakaza emsakazweni. Ucwaningo lubuthole ukuthi imiphakathi yaseNtshonalanga neSpanishi yayixhomeke kakhulu ekukhangiseni kwomsakazo.
AbaseSpanishi bazwa ubhiya obunamaphesenti angama-34 kanye ne-ale ads emsakazweni kunabantu abadala baseSpanishi.
Utshwala We-Token "Isibopho" Izikhangiso
Uke wabona futhi wezwa amathengi kubakhangisi bokuphuza utshwala ukukhumbuza ngezingozi zokuphuza kancane nokuxwayisa ngokuphuza nokushayela. Kodwa iqiniso yilokho izikhangiso ezingavamile.
I-CAMY ithole ukuthi abaphuza utshwala bangaphansi kwamakhulu amane ukubona isikhangiso sesiphuzo esithile sokuphuza ngokweqile kunokuba babone ukuphuza okuncane kokuphuza okuncane futhi izikhathi ezingu-188 ngaphezulu ukuthola isikhangiso se-booze kunesikhangiso sokushayela esidakiwe.
Ucwaningo lubuthole ukuthi isikhangiso sezokwephuza ngokweqile kunamaphesenti athi "umthwalo wemfanelo" wemboni ngo-226 kuya ku-1.
Izwi elivela ku-Verywell
Esikhathini samasiko namuhla, abazali abazama ukuvimbela izingane zabo ekuphuzeni okungaphansi nje kuphela ukuthi kufanele bakhathazeke ngokucindezela kontanga kodwa futhi ngokucindezela embonini yotshwala ehambisa izigidi ekukhangiseni abezindaba eziheha abantu abasha. Awukwazi ukucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho ayizi izinto ezahlukene zokuphuza utshwala futhi ayikhiphi ekusetshenzisweni kokuqala.
> Imithombo
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- > Jernigan D, Ross C, Ostroff J, McKnight-Eily L, Brewer RD. Ukubhekwa kwentsha ekukhangiseni utshwala kuthelevishini - izimakethe ezingama-25, e-United States. Ukulimala nokufa Kwamaviki onke , Umbiko ka 62: 997-880, 2013.
- > King, C. et al. "Ukuvezwa Kwengane Yengane Yokudakwa Ngotshwala Ukukhangisa Emaphepheni: Ukuhlolwa Kokukhangiswa Ukukhangisa Ngokuhlobene Nokufunda Kwentsha Yentsha." I-Journal ye-Health Adolescent. Disemba 2009.
- > Siegel M, Ayers AJ, Dejong W, Naimi TS, Jernigan DH. Ukuhlukana kokusetshenziswa kotshwala kotshwala phakathi kwentsha engaphansi kweminyaka yobudala, ubulili, nohlanga / ubuhlanga - United States, 2012. I-Journal of Physical Use . 2014; 20 (6): 430-438. doi: 10.3109 / 14659891.2014.942402.