Ukuphila Kanye-Kodwa Kuhlukile
Amawele angamazwi afana ngokufanayo-noma akunjalo? Ngempela, bahlale befana nabo bonke, babheka ngokufanayo, bavame ukugqoka okufanayo (noma okungenani omama babo bagqoke okufanayo lapho bengencane), futhi bavame ukwabelana ngezindlela ezithile kanye nezinye izici.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana namawele afanayo, "Ingabe anayo i-DNA efanayo?" Funda ekufundeni impendulo, futhi kungani kubalulekile.
Yeka ukuthi ama-Twin Twisttical ayenziwe kanjani
Igama lezokwelapha lamawele afana namawele e-monozygotic . I-Mono isho ukuthi i-one kanye ne-zygote isho ukuthi iseli elenziwe yiqanda kanye namawele efana namademoni afanayo lapho kudalwa i-zygote eyodwa. Njengoba lezi zygote ezimbili ziya esibelethweni, ziqhubeka zihlukanisa futhi zikhula. Ososayensi abazi ukuthi yini ebangela i-zygote eyodwa ukuba ihlukane yababili ngabanye. Ngokwengqondo kubhekwa njengokungasebenzi kahle kwenqubo evamile yokuthuthukiswa.
Izidalwa ezimbili ezihlukene ezidalwa ngale ndlela zihlanganyela i-DNA efanayo, okumele i-deoxyribonucleic acid. I-DNA yakhiwa ama-chromosomes aqukethe ukwaziswa kofuzo okwenza konke okuphathelene nathi-kusuka embala wezinwele zethu namehlo kumakhono ethu wezemidlalo nobuntu bethu.
Ngisho noma amawele afanayo ahlanganyela nge-DNA efanayo, akuyona neze efana ncamashi. Izinto ezingokwemvelo zingathonya ukubonakala komzimba komuntu, isibonelo, nezici ze-epigenetic zenza umehluko njengamawele eminyaka.
I-epigenome ichaza izinguquko zamakhemikhali ngaphakathi kwe-DNA njengezinhlobo zempilo. Lezi zici zichaza ukuthi kungani amawele afanayo angase ahluke , kungakhathaliseki ukubukeka, ubumnene noma ubuntu.
Ngokufanayo noma ngoFranti?
Izinkinga zokuba namawele afanayo afinyelela ku-3 ngo-1 000 kanti cishe ingxenye yesithathu yazo zonke amawele yi-monozygotic.
Iningi lamawele liyi- dizygotic , elikhiqizwa uma amaqanda amabili ahlukene ehlwanyelwa izidalwa ezimbili ezihlukene. Enye indlela yokuthola ukuthi ngabe amawele amabili obulili obufanayo afanayo noma ahlobene (amawele ahlukene ngokobulili ahlala ehlotshaniswa njalo), ngukuhlolwa kwe-DNA.
Isampula ye-DNA itholakala ngokungena ngaphakathi kwehlathi lomabili ngalinye, bese kuthi amasampuli ahanjiswe enkonzweni, ngokuvamile eyokhokhwa, ezohlaziya futhi iqhathanise ne-DNA yomuntu ngamunye. Ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA okujwayelekile okwenziwa ngamawele e-monozygotic kuzobuyisela imiphumela ngephesenti lika-99.99. Kodwa-ke, ama-DNA avela emawele angewona afanayo (amawele noma ama-dizygotic) azoba ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-50 kuya kuma-75 amaphesenti afanayo. Ngamawele amaningi noma emindenini enezinwele, indlela ewukuphela kokukwazi ukuthi ifana yini noma iyafana nayo ngokuhlolwa kwe-DNA.
Ukuhamba Nokubulala?
Ngenxa yokuthi amawele afanayo ane-DNA efanayo, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalaba bantu lapho behlaziya i-DNA yokuhlolwa kwabazali noma ubufakazi bobugebengu. Imfihlakalo eminingi yamathekisthi, ama-sopha ama-drama, nobugebengu basebenzise leli qiniso njengendlela yokwakha umugqa. Kakhulu kangakanani ukukhathazeka empilweni yangempela, noma kunjalo? Ingabe amawele afanayo angaqeda ubugebengu obuphelele?
Kwenzekile. NgoJanuwari 2009, kwabekwa amacala amawele afanayo e-Jeist jewelry heist. Amasela amathathu angena esitolo seminyango yokunethezeka ngokuhambisa phansi izintambo ezivela ezintweni ezikhanyayo futhi aphunyuka ngezingubo ezibiza ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-6 zamaRandi. Abaphenyi bakwazi ukukhipha isampula se-DNA emthonjeni wokuthuthumela otholakala esigodini se-latex esilahlekile esitholwe endaweni yesehlakalo futhi sabona abasolwa ababili, amawele afanayo uHassan no-Abbas O. (Umthetho waseJalimane awuvumeli amagama aphelele ukuthi adalulwe.) Bobabili Amaphoyisa aboshwe futhi asolwa kodwa ekugcineni akhululwa lapho kungenakwenzeka ukukhomba ukuthi ubani ohilelekile kulobu bugebengu.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ubuchwepheshe abukho ukuhlaziya i-DNA ezingeni elidingekayo ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamasampula avela emawele afanayo. Noma kunjalo, kulindeleke ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA kuzoguqukela ezingeni lapho lingathola khona izinguquko ezicashile ze-epigenetic ezikhona ngamawele. Akuyona nje kuphela ezosiza ososayensi bezobunhloli, kodwa futhi kuzosiza ekuboneni izibalo ezibalulekile eziphathelene nomdlavuza nezinye izifo.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, inqubo eyengeziwe endala yophenyo lobugebengu ingasetshenziswa ukubandlulula phakathi kwamawele. Ubufakazi bezinhlamvu zeminwe bungasiza "ukukhomba umunwe" ezigebini, ngisho noma zingamawele afanayo. Kungenxa yokuthi namawele afanayo anezinhlamvu zeminwe ezihlukile.