Imithethonqubo emisha yokuphepha ikhishwe ngemikhiqizo eminingi yezingane kanye namathoyizi eminyakeni yamuva. Kungani? Konke ngenxa yesenzo sokuvikelwa kwabathengi esibizwa nge-CPSIA. Lesi senzo sidinga ukuhlolwa okungaphezulu nokulawulwa kwayo yonke imikhiqizo ehloselwe izingane nezingane futhi yanikezela indlela yamazinga omthetho wokuphepha we-federal we-cribs, abahambahambayo, ama-swings, abathwali bezingane, imikhiqizo yokulala, izihlalo zokugeza, amadidi okudlala, nokuningi.
Kuyini i-CPSIA?
Umthetho Wokuthuthukiswa Komkhiqizo Wokuphepha Wokuthengwa Komthengi ka-2008 (CPSIA) wadluliselwa yi-US Congress futhi wasayinwa ngumthetho nguMongameli Bush ngo-Agasti 14, 2008. I-CPSIA yenzelwe ukuvumela iKhomishane Yezokuphepha Komkhiqizo Wabathengi base-US (CPSC) ukulawula kangcono ukuphepha imikhiqizo eyenziwe futhi yangeniswa ukudayiswa e-US CPSIA iqukethe nemigomo ehlose ukwenza imikhiqizo yabantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka eyi-12 ephephile ngokudinga ukuthi abakhiqizi nabangenisayo babonise ukuthi le mikhiqizo ayinayo amazinga okulimala okuholayo nokuphanga.
Cishe wonke umkhiqizo ohloselwe izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-12 ezobe zithengiswa e-US zithinteka yi-CPSIA. IKhomishane Yezokuphepha Emikhiqizo yabathengi yase-US (i-CPSC) izovumela izitolo ezithuthukisayo ukuba zikwazi ukuhlola ukuhlolwa okuphambili kuma-inventories awo wamanje, kodwa namanje zincoma ukuthi zingathengisi imikhiqizo kungenzeka ukuthi iqukethe amazinga aphezulu okuhola, futhi isagcina ukuthi ukuthengisa leyo mikhiqizo akuyona yomthetho nge-CPSIA .
Ukuhlola Amakhemikhali Ayingozi
Ukuhlolwa okudingekayo yiCPSIA kumele kwenziwe ngamabarabhu wesithathu, futhi njengamanje, kuyadingeka ukuba kube ukuhlolwa kweyunithi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umkhiqizo owodwa wesifanekiso noma isitayela ngasinye kufanele uhlolwe ngokuphelele. Kuzinkampani ezincane, ukuhlolwa kweyunithi kungabonisa ezinye izinkinga. Ukuhlola akukona kuphela ukubhubhisa into eyodwa kusuka kusitoreji esincane esingase sibe khona, ukuhlolwa kuyabiza uma ibhizinisi lingenalo ukuthengisa ukuze lihlehlise izindleko.
Amanye amabhizinisi amancane acele i-CPSC ukuthi ivumele ukuhlolwa kwezinto, okuzobavumela ukuba bahlole izinto zabo zokufaka kanye ngaphambi kokuzisebenzisa emikhiqizweni eminingana, ngakho-ke ukugcina imali kanye nesikhathi ekuhlolweni. I-CPSC ivumela ukotini wemboya yemvelo, izinkuni nezinye izinto ezingasetshenziswanga, izinto ezingokwemvelo ngokuphelele azidingi ukuhlolwa kokuhola uma nje kungalashwa. I-ejensi yenze irejista ye-Small Batch Registry evumela ukuthi amabhizinisi akhululwe kwezinye izidingo zokuhlolwa zangaphandle uma behlangabezana nezinqubo ezithile.
I-CPSIA idinga ukuthi imikhiqizo yezingane ingenayo ngaphezu kwama-300 ppm wokuhola. Okunye okungahle kwenzeke uma kungabonakala ukuthi ukuhola emkhiqizo akufinyeleleki kwengane, futhi ayikwazi ukutholakala ngisho noma umkhiqizo uhlukunyezwa. Lesi senzo sinciphisa inani elivunyelwe lokuhola emaphoyineni okugcoba nokugqoka kuya kuma-90 ppm kusuka ezingeni lamanje lamasamba angu-600 ppm.
Izinhlobo eziyisithupha ezihlukene ze-phthalate okwamanje zivinjelwe yi-CPSIA. Amathoyizi, imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwengane, nezinto ezingalindeleka ukuba zihambe emlonyeni wengane azikwazi ukuqukatha okungaphezulu kwama-.1 amaphesenti we-BBP, DEHP, DBP, DIDP, DINP noma i-DNOP.
Ezinye izidingo ze-CPSIA
I-CPSIA ineminye imithethonqubo yezokuphepha ethinta ingane nemikhiqizo encane.
Isenzo sidinga ukuthi "imikhiqizo yokugcina i-nursery" efana ne-cribs, strollers, amabhasikidi, kanye nabakhakeli bokumisa ukuze babe namakhadi okubhalisa umkhiqizo angasetshenziswa uma ekhumbula. I-CPSC yayidingekile nge-CPSIA ukudala izindinganiso ezinamandla zokuphepha zikahulumeni cishe yonke imikhiqizo yezingane ukuze ithathe isikhundla samazinga wangaphambili okuzithandela. I-CPSIA igcizelele ukuphepha kwe-crib, okwenza kube ngokungemthetho nje ukukhiqiza noma ukudayisa izigebengu ezingahlangabezani nezindinganiso zokuphepha zikahulumeni kodwa futhi nokungekho emthethweni ukuzinikeza ukusetshenziswa, njengehhotela noma ukunakekelwa kwesikhashana.
I-CPSIA inezidingo ezithile zendlela abakhiqizi, abasabalalisi, nabathengisi abakhangisa ngayo imikhiqizo engase ibe nezinxenye ezincane ezingaba yingozi yokuchofoza.
Lesi senzo sinikeza imininingwane ebonakalayo ekhonini ekhoniniwe ekhumbulayo, ulwazi lokuphepha, kanye nemibiko yezigameko zomkhiqizo ezibangele ukulimala.
I-CPSIA idinga izitifiketi zokuphepha
Abathengisi nabakhiqizi kumele benze izitifiketi zokuvumelanisa okutholakala kubanikezeli babo nabathengisi ngaphansi kwe-CPSIA. Lezi zitifiketi zibonisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ihlolwe ngokufanele futhi ihlangabezane nezidingo. Ngaphandle kwalezi zitifiketi, ukuhanjiswa kwemikhiqizo kunqatshiwe lapho kufinyelela ezitolo, ngakho-ke kukhona ukuhlolwa okuhambisana nokuzakhela ku-CPSIA.
I-CPSIA Yenza Ukuthengisa Kukhishwe Imikhiqizo engekho emthethweni
Ingxenye eyodwa ye-CPSIA ithinta abathengi njengoba nje nabakhiqizi. Uma uhlose ukuthengisa ingane yakho esetshenzisiwe, qiniseka ukuthi akusikho ngaphansi kokukhumbula ngaphambi kokumaka umqhubi wokuthengisa igaraji noma ukufaka kuhlu leso sikhala ku-Craigslist. I-CPSIA ihlanganisa isigaba esenza kube semthethweni ukuthengisa imikhiqizo ekhumbulayo. Yize kungenakwenzeka ukuthi i-CPSC izogxila ekuthengisweni kwegceke lomakhelwane ukuze kuqiniswe umthetho, kungumqondo omuhle ukufaka umkhuba wokuhlola ukukhumbula ngaphambi kokuthengisa, noma kunjalo. Omunye wemibono eyinhloko ye-CPSIA ukusiza ukugcina imikhiqizo eyingozi ekufinyeleleni ezinganeni zethu, futhi ukuhlola ukukhumbula kuyinto enye indlela yokwenza lokho.