Amashadi okukhula kwezingane: WHO ngokuhambisana neCDC
Kusukela ngo-1977, odokotela bezingane kanye nabanye ochwepheshe bezempilo baye basebenzisa amashadi okukhula ajwayelekile ukuze basize abazali baqaphele ukukhula kwezingane zabo. Kukhona amasethi ahlukene amashadi okukhula angasetshenziswa. Funda mayelana namashadi okukhula we-World Health Organization (WHO) nokuthi ahluke kanjani kulawo amanye ama-ejensi.
Amashadi okukhula asiza umzali ukuba aqonde ukuthi izilinganiso zezingane zilinganiselwe, ngenhla isilinganiso, noma ngezansi isilinganiso.
Ngokwesibonelo, tshela umzali uthola ngesilinganiso se-BMI ukuthi ingane yakhe ikhuluphele noma ikhuluphele. Lolu lwazi luvumela umzali ukuthi asebenze nodokotela wezingane ukwenza izinguquko emidlalweni yokudla kwengane noma imizila yokuzivocavoca ukusiza ingane ukuba ibuyele ebangeni elihle, elivamile le-BMI. Lolu hlobo lwezenzo zakuqala lungasiza ekuvimbeleni ingane ukuba ikwazi ukuthuthukisa izinkinga ezihlobene nokuqhathanisa ngokweqile, njengengcindezi ephakeme yegazi noma ushukela ophezulu wegazi.
Amashadi we-NCHS ne-CDC
Ngonyaka ka-2000, amashadi okukhula okuyiNational Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS) ashintshwe ngamashadi okukhula avela kumaCenter for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Amashadi akhula eCDC ahlaziywe afaka amashadi ayisishiyagalombili kwabafana namantombazane, njengamashadi alandela ukuphakama kwengane, isisindo, umjikelezo wekhanda kanye nenombolo yesikhumba somzimba eminyakeni ehlukahlukene.
Amashadi okukhula ka-WHO
I-World Health Organization (WHO) yakhiphe isethi yayo yamashadi okukhula abuyekeziwe ngo-2006.
Ngokungafani nezinguqulo ze-CDC, okuyizinkomba zokukhula, amashadi e-WHO ayiqiniso lokukhula kwangempela. Bachaza ukukhula okuhle kwezingane ezinempilo ezimweni ezifanele, ukulinganisa izingane ezabeliswa ngamabele emazweni amaningi ahlukene (eBrazil, Ghana, India, Norway, Oman, United States).
Inkinga eyodwa abanye ochwepheshe abaye bayenayo ngamashadi okukhula kwe-CDC ukuthi ukuthi bamane bachaza ukuthi izingane-eziningi zazo ezazondliwa kanjani-zakhula esikhathini esithile nendawo, esikhundleni sokumelela ukuthi izingane kufanele zikhule kanjani.
Inkinga yangempela ne-CDC yokushayela amashadi kwenzeka uma uzama ukugcina ukukhula kosana olusondelene kuphela nebele, njengoba kubonakala sengathi ingane ayitholi isisindo kahle ngokwanele. Ngokuvamile, umntwana uthola isisindo kahle, noma kunjalo. Kuyinto nje ukuthi indlela yakhe yokuzuza isisindo ihlukile kunsana olusondla ifomula. Le ndlela yokuzuza isisindo sokuncelisa izingane-ukuzuza okunamandla okusheshayo kunezinsana ezisondelene ngezinyanga ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala, kodwa ukuzuza kancane kancane kwenzuzo yonyaka wokuqala-kulula ukubona emashadi okukhula e-WHO.
Manje kunconywa ukuthi amashadi okukhula e-WHO asetshenziselwe izinsana nezinsana ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili ubudala. Amashadi we-CDC okukhula angasetshenziselwa izingane ezindala.
Amashadi ekhulayo e-WHO angasetshenziselwa zonke izingane, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubuhlanga babo noma isigaba sezenhlalo, noma ngabe banamabele noma amafomula adliwe.
Amashadi okukhula kwabamantombazane
Amashadi ekhulayo e-WHO atholakala ku-World Health Organization naku-CDC:
- Ubude
- Isisindo
- BMI
- Ukunciphisa ikhanda
Amashadi okukhula okuba yi-WHO
Amashadi ahlukene e-WHO okukhula abafana nawo ayatholakala:
- Ubude
- Isisindo
- BMI
- Ukunciphisa ikhanda
I-WHO Growth Charts vs. Charts ye-CDC Yokukhula
Uma udokotela wakho wezingane ucabanga ukuthi usana lwakho olususisiwe lwebele aluzuzi kahle isisindo, qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa amashadi e-WHO okukhula ukuze aqaphe ukukhula kwengane yakho.
Ingabe kunendaba ukuthi isiphi ishadi lokukhula esetshenziswayo? Ake ucabange ngalokhu okulandelayo.
Cabanga ngomsana okhulayo ku-25 percentile kumashadi e-WHO okukhula. Ubengaba amakhilogremu angu-12 ezinyangeni ezintathu ubudala, ama-14 1/2 amakhilogremu ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, ama-16 1/4 amakhilogremu ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalolunye, kanye namakhilogremu angu-18 emkhathini owodwa.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma lezo zindwangu ezifanayo zikhonjisiwe emashadi okukhula e-CDC, ngabe uqale emaphakathini angu-50 ezinyangeni ezintathu ubudala, abuyele phansi kuya ku-25 percentile ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, abuye abuyele ku-10th percentile ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalolunye, futhi iphelile nje ngezansi kwe-10c percentile ngosuku lwakhe lokuqala lokuzalwa.
Uma usebenzisa ishadi lokukhula kwe-CDC, ingcweti yezempilo kungenzeka ukuthi icabanga ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngendlela ingane ekhula ngayo, yize kungenzeka ukuthi iyindlela ejwayelekile yokubeletha ingane.
> Imithombo
- > MMWR: Ukusetshenziswa kwe-WHO ne-CDC Growth Charts zezingane ezinyangeni ezi-0-59 ezineminyaka e-US. I-MMWR. Septemba 10, 2010/59 (rr09); 1-15.
- > WHO I-Multicentre Growth Reference Study Study Group. I-WHO Imizinga Yokukhula Kwabantwana: Ukukhula kwezinga lokukhula okususelwe kwisisindo, ubude nobubanzi bekhanda: Izindlela kanye nentuthuko. I-Geneva: I-World Health Organization, ngo-2009.