Ukuhlakanipha okudumile kuphakamisa ukuthi abazali abancane bangase babe namandla amaningi okuhambisana nezingane ezincane ngenkathi abazali asebekhulile benemithombo eningi kanye nolwazi lokunakekela izingane. Ingabe iminyaka yakho njengomzali ingathinta indlela izingane zakho ezizikhulayo ngayo, futhi ingabe ikhona iminyaka enhle kakhulu yokuba nezingane ukuze zibe nezimo ezinhle kakhulu zokuthuthukiswa kwengane?
Ukucwaninga kusikisela ukuthi kunezinzuzo ezikhona kanye nezinselele zokuba nezingane ezinkathini ezahlukene zeminyaka empilweni yakho.
Iminyaka Yokubeletha Iyanda
Kuwo wonke umhlaba wezentuthuko, kuye kwaba nokunciphisa ubukhulu bomndeni nokulibaziseka ekukhuleni kwengane. Lapho isilinganiso seminyaka yobudala bokubeletha kokuzalwa kwaba ngu-21.4 ngo-1970, manje sesenyukele ku-25.
Nakuba kungase kubonakale njengokulibaziseka okuncane, ukwanda komdala wabazali kungase kube nemiphumela yokwelapha nenhlalakahle yabazali bobabili nenzalo yabo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izinkinga ezingabangela ukubeletha okulibalekile zihlolisisiwe odokotela nabacwaningi bezenhlalakahle. Nakuba kubonakala sengathi inombalwa encane, ucwaningo oluthile lucacise ukuthi ukulibaziseka kokuba nezingane kungaba nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni nasemiphumeleni yezempilo.
Nakuba ukugxila kuvame ukuxhumana phakathi kweminyaka yobudala obudala kanye nokukhubazeka kokuzalwa, okunye ukukhathazeka ngokucwaninga kuye kwaphakamisa ukuthi kunqamuke emiphumeleni enempilo phakathi kwezingane zase-US ezithinta iminyaka yobudala obudala. Ucwaningo lwango-2009 luphakamisa ukuthi ukuba nobaba osekhulile kuhlotshaniswa nokukhubazeka okucashile emiphumeleni yokuthola izinkinga ngesikhathi sokubili nobuntwana.
Abacwaningi baphinde babhala idatha ezinganeni ezingaba ngu-56,000 ezanikezwa izivivinyo ezihlukahlukene zamakhono okuqonda, ezineminyaka engu-8, eminyakeni engu-4, neminyaka engu-7. Lezi zivivinyo zibukeka ngamakhono okucabanga kuhlanganise nokucabanga, ukukhumbula, ukufunda, ukuhlushwa, ukuqonda, ukukhuluma nokufunda. Ezinye izivivinyo zamakhono ezimoto nazo zenziwa.
Lokho abacwaningi abathola ukuthi izingane ezinamababa asebekhulile babenezinombolo eziphansi kuzo zonke izivivinyo ngaphandle kwalawo makghono ezithuthuthu futhi ukuthi ubaba osekhulile, unamandla kakhulu phakathi kobudala bomntwana kanye nezikolo zokuhlolwa ezingenangqondo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, abantwana abanomama asebekhulile babengase babe namanani aphezulu ekuvivinyweni kwekhono lokucabanga.
Nakuba sekuyisikhathi eside sekukholelwa ukuthi amadoda angaqhubeka nokuzala izingane kuze kube sesikhulile futhi kungekho miphumela yangempela empilweni yabantwana babo, ucwaningo lwamuva luveza ukuthi lokhu kungase kungabi yiqiniso. Olunye ucwaningo olushicilelwe emaphephandabeni Nature lucacise ukuthi amaphesenti athile okwanda kwe-autism ahlobene nabababa asebekhulile.
Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi izinga eliphakeme lomntwana lihlotshaniswa nemiphumela yezempilo ezinganeni kanye nasebudala bomntwana bekhulile emashumini eminyaka amuva, abacwaningi abakholelwa ukuthi limelela ukukhathazeka kwezempilo emphakathini.
Kuthiwani ngomthelela wonyaka wokubeletha emiphumeleni yezempilo yengane? Ukukhathazeka kwezinto eziphilayo kakhulu ukuthi ukukhula komama okubeletha kubhekene nokukhubazeka kokuzalwa, ingozi eyengeziwe yokubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, nesisindo esincane sokuzalwa kwesana.
Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi kungase kube nezinye izikhathazo zezempilo ezihlobene nobuncane abancane.
Esinye isifundo esiphezulu sathola ukuthi kwakungomama abancane abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-25 ababenabantwana abanezimo zempilo ezimbi kakhulu ngokuphakama, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, impilo enempilo, kanye nezimo zempilo ezixilongwa.
Umthelela Wezengqondo Zonyaka Wokubeletha
Kukhona ukukhathazeka okucacile kwezinto eziphilayo ezihlobene nobudala bomzali kanye nomthelela empilweni yengane, kodwa kuthiwani ngomthelela ongokomqondo wokubeletha eminyakeni yobudala? Kube nezifundo ezimbalwa eziye zabheka umthelela wengqondo wokubeletha ukubambezeleka kubazali nezingane zabo.
Ucwaningo olulodwa, isibonelo, lithole ukuthi ukubelethwa komzali okwesikhashana okufinyelelwe ngosizo lobuchwepheshe bokuzala akuzange kuhlotshaniswe nemithelela emibi ekwenzeni inhlalakahle yengane.
Ngenkathi kubekhona umehluko phakathi koomama abancane nabakhudlwana ngezici ezihlukahlukene, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi kwakungekho izinzuzo ezicacile zengqondo kunoma yiliphi iqembu leminyaka yobudala ngokwemiphumela yokuphila kwengane. Ucwaningo luphinde lwathola ukuthi omama asebekhulile babefuna isimo esiphakeme semfundo, imali engenayo ephezulu, futhi babengenakwenzeka ukuba bahlanganyele ekuziphatheni okuyingozi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Kodwa kuthiwani ngomthelela ongase ube nakho eminyakeni yobudala yabazali?
Imiphumela Yesikhathi Eside Ekhona
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi iminyaka abantu ababa ngabazali bokuqala ababa nayo kungaba nemiphumela yempilo yesikhathi eside. Isibonelo, abesifazane ababa omama ngesikhathi sezingane ezineminyaka engamashumi amabili nesikhombisa kanye nokuqala kweminyaka engu-20 banesilinganiso esiphakeme sokufa kunelabo ababa abazali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ezinye izifundo zishicilele ukuthi ukuba nomntwana wokuqala oneminyaka engama-22 noma engu-23 kunomthelela omubi empilweni ngesikhathi sokuphila kwesikhathi esilandelayo. Lokhu kubazali bokuqala kuye kwaxhunyaniswa namazinga aphezulu okucindezeleka. Ucwaningo olulodwa lwaphakamisa ukuthi phakathi kwamaphesenti angu-28 no-48 omama abasha abacindezeleka.
Ukutholwa Okuxubileyo Okuthinta Abazali Impilo Yengqondo
Okutholakele okuhlobene nemiphumela yokubeletha kamuva empilo yengqondo kuvame ukuxubaniswa. Abanye bakhombisa ukuxhumana phakathi kweminyaka yobudala bebele kanye nemiphumela emibi empilweni kamuva ekuphileni. Olunye ucwaningo lubonisa ukuxhumana phakathi kokuzalwa kokuqala emva kweminyaka engu-35 futhi kwanda ekucindezelekeni.
Kodwa-ke, ukuba ngumzali kamuva ekuphileni kuvame ukuvumela abesifazane ukuba bafinyelele emazingeni aphakeme emfundo, babe nobuhlobo besikhathi eside, futhi bazuze ukuphepha okukhulu kwezezimali. Ukwengeza kulokhu kuhlanganiswa okunzima ukuthi umama kamuva uhlotshaniswa nezinkinga zezokwelapha ezinjenge-pre-eclampsia, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, nesifo sikashukela sokubeletha, okunye okungenzeka kube nemiphumela yesikhathi eside sempilo.
Yini Okushiwo Abazali?
Ngaphandle kwemikhawulo yezinto eziphilayo zokuthola izingane ezindala, yini okungenzeka ukuthi ibe neminyaka yobudala ekuthandweni komzali?
Esinye isifundo esincane sathola ukuthi phakathi kwabazali ababenezingane zabo emva kweminyaka engama-40, abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi isikhathi esihle sokuba ngumzali sasineminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyishumi ngaphambili. Ngokuthakazelisayo, iningi labazali abangaphezu kuka-40 lisekhona ukuthi umzali osekhulile wayenezinzuzo ezingaphezu kokungalungi. Noma kunjalo, amaphesenti angama-80 omama namaphesenti angu-70 kababa athi isikhathi esihle sokuba nezingane sasi-30s.
Enye ye-caveat-isifundo sasincane (kufaka phakathi abahlanganyeli abangu-107 kuphela) futhi kwakungekho ukuhlukahluka okuningi (abaningi babeshadile futhi banamhlophe ngenzuzo engenayo engenayo). Abacwaningi basikisela ukuthi ucwaningo olwengeziwe ngesampula enkulu futhi oluhlukahlukene lungase lubonakale ngokwengeziwe kulokho okukhona emphakathini omkhulu.
Ngakho kungani abazali abaningi abasha abacwaninga bezwa ukuthi ukukhula kwabadala babazali abangcono? Iningi liphakamisa ukuthi inzuzo enkulu kakhulu ukulungiswa ngokomzwelo ukuba umzali. Abanye basikisela ukuthi ukukhula kwabenze bazibonele ngokwengeziwe, bezethemba, baqine amandla, bazenzele ngokwabo, bakwazi kangcono ukunikeza ukusekelwa, futhi bakwazi ukuxhumana nengane.
"Ngiyazi ukuthi ngiyazi ukuthi ngizizwa kangcono kunangineminyaka engama-20 edlule. Ngizizwa ngisesimweni esingcono sokukhulumisana kangcono nengane yami futhi ngibasize kakhulu empilweni futhi ngiyaqonda ukuthi ngingaba kanjani umzali okhuthazayo, owakhuthazayo, "kuchaza omunye wabababa ababambe iqhaza kulolu cwaningo.
Ezinye izinzuzo ezimbalwa ezikhulunywe ngabazali ababambe iqhaza kulolu cwaningo kwakuhlanganisa nokuphumelela komsebenzi omkhulu, ukuvikeleka kwezezimali, ubudlelwane obunamandla bomphakathi, ukushintshashintsha kwemisebenzi eminingi, kanye nesikhathi esengeziwe.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi ukuba umzali osekhulile kungukukhanya kwelanga kanye nemifula. Ukuba ngumzali osekhulile kunenzuzo, abanye balaba bahlanganyeli basikisela, kepha kwakukhona nemishayo ephawulekayo. Abanye abazali basikisela ukuthi uma bebengenakho, babezobe beba nezingane zabo ngesikhathi esithile ema-30s. Kungani?
Amandla engeziwe
Isizathu esivame ukushiwo yilokho abazwa ukuthi bazoba namandla engeziwe ukuze babe ngumzali. Abazali asebekhulile bangase babe nomuzwa wokuthi abanalo amandla okuqhubeka nezingane zabo ezihlala njalo.
Ukuzala nokukhathazeka kokuphila
Abanye abazali baphinde babhekane nobunzima bokukhulelwa, ukukhathazeka ngokuphila isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukukhulisa izingane zabo, nokukhathazeka ngokuba nezingane ezimbalwa kunokuba befuna ukuhlaselwa okukhulu ukuba ngumzali osekhulile.
I-30s ibonakala njenge-Compromise ehamba phambili
Kwabaningi abaphendulile, ama-30 amelela uhlobo oluphakathi phakathi kwamaphutha kanye nezinzuzo zokuqala kokukhulisa abazali.
"Ukukhulisa izingane ezineminyaka engama-30 kwakucatshangelwa ukuthi kuboniswe ukuzithengisa okwenyusa izinzuzo zezimali nezomzwelo zokukhulisa izingane kamuva lapho kunciphisa izingozi zokungazalwa komndeni, ukungazinzi kwamandla, isikhathi esingaphansi kokuphila esichithwa nezingane zabo, kanye namathuba okuba nenhlanhla ehlobene nobudala, "abalobi bezocwaningo babhala.
Kuthiwani Ngokuziphatha Kwezingane Nezingane?
Esifundweni sika-2017 eshicilelwe kuyi- Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, abacwaningi bahlola idatha eqoqwe kumaqoqo amawele angaphezu kuka-15 000. Amaphethini okuthuthukiswa ahlobene namakhono omphakathi kuhlanganise nokuziphatha, izinkinga zontanga, namakhono omphakathi ahlolwe. Abacwaningi baphinde baqhathanise umthelela wabadala bomzali ngokumelene nezici zofuzo nezendalo.
Lokho abacwaningi abazitholile ukuthi obaba ekupheleni kweminyaka yobudala, noma abancane kakhulu noma abadala kakhulu, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa baxhunyaniswa nemikhakha ehlukene yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle ezinganeni zabo. Izingane ezazalwa obaba abangaphansi kuka-25 noma ngaphezulu kwe-51 zazivame ukukhombisa ukuziphatha okuqhubekayo ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa, kodwa-ke behlehliselwe ngemuva koontanga babo abazalwa obaba asebekhulile ngesikhathi befinyelela eminyakeni yabo yeshumi. Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha kwembulani ukuthi iningi lalezi zingxabano zingaxhunyaniswa nezakhi zofuzo kunokuba kunezinto eziphilayo.
"Imiphumela yethu ibonisa izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zendlela yobudala besisu ekukhulelwe kungathinta inzalo," kuchaza uDkt. Magdalena Janecka, umbhali oholayo. "Sizibonile lezo zindlela emphakathini jikelele, okubonisa ukuthi izingane ezizalwa obaba abancane noma abadala abadala zingase zithole izimo zomphakathi zibe nzima nakakhulu, ngisho noma zingahlangabezane nenqubo yokuhlonza i-autism. inzalo yabadala, kodwa hhayi obaba abancane kakhulu, ikhombisa ukuthi kungaba khona izindlela ezahlukene ezibangelwa imiphumela kulezi zinsuku ezimbili ezingaphezu kwezingane zabo. Nakuba amaphrofayili okuziphatha okuvela emzalweni wawo ayefana, izimbangela zingase zihluke kakhulu. "
Izwi elivela ku-Verywell
Ngakho-ke ukuvumelana ngani mayelana nobudala obuhle bokuba umzali? Ngokusobala, izici eziningi zenza ukuthi izingane zikhule kanjani ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kuze kube umuntu omdala, kodwa ukubeletha kungomunye wamathonya ayisisekelo nakakhulu. Ukuba ngumzali kunanoma yisiphi isikhathi kunesisodwa sezinzuzo nezinselele, futhi izici ezihlukile esimweni somzali ngamunye nangemuva nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile.
Okushiwo ucwaningo ukuthi ukuba ngumzali ekupheleni kokuphela kweminyaka yokubeletha, ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-20 noma eminyakeni engama-40, kungabonisa inani elikhulu kakhulu lokunciphisa ngokwemvelo kokubili engozini yezinto eziphilayo nezengqondo. Kunezimo ezibonisa ukuthi abazali abasha bangase babe namandla amaningi okuqhubeka nezingane ezimatasa, kodwa inzalo yabo ingase ibhekwe nentuthuko yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle futhi abazali abasha bangase bathambekele ekucindezelekeni. Abazali asebekhulile bangase bazuze ulwazi nolwazi, kepha bangase babhekane nezingozi eziningana ezibandakanya ukulibaziseka okungaqondakali kwezingane ezinganeni zabo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uneminyaka engakanani oyikhethayo ukuba umzali, ukuqaphela izinselelo ezinokwenzeka ongase ubhekane nakho kungakusiza ukuba ulungele kangcono ukubhekana nokuvivinywa okuningi nemivuzo evela ngokuba nezingane. Ukwaziswa okunjalo kungakusiza futhi ukwandise izinzuzo zonyaka wakho, njengokuthola ulwazi oluthe xaxa njengomzali osekhulile noma amandla amaningi njengomzali omncane, ngenkathi uthatha izinyathelo zokunqoba noma yikuphi ubuthakathaka obungathinta isitayela sakho sokubeletha nokuthuthukiswa okunempilo kwezingane zakho .
> Imithombo:
> Boivin, J et al. Izinhlangano eziphakathi komdala osekhulile, imvelo yomndeni kanye nokubeletha komntwana kanye nemindeni emindeni besebenzisa amasu okusiza ekukhuliseni ukukhulelwa. I-Soc Sci Med. 2009; 68 (11); 1948-1955.
> Mac Dougall, K, Beyene, Y, & Nachtigall, i-RD. 'I-biology engaqondakali:' Izinzuzo nokulimala kokuqala kokubeletha komzali emva kweminyaka engu-40 besebenzisa i-in vitro fertilization. Uhlehlisiwe. 2012; 27 (4): 1058-1065.
> Myrskyla, M & Fenelon, A. Iminyaka yobudala kanye nempilo yabantu abadala endala: Ubufakazi obuvela ekufundeni kwezempilo nokuthatha umhlalaphansi. Idemography. 2012; 49 (4): 10.1007 / s13524-012-0132-x.
> Nybo Anderson, AM & Urhoj, SK. Ingabe iminyaka yobudala eyisebukhosini inengozi yempilo yenzalo? Ukuzala nokuhlunga. 2017; 107 (2); 312-318.
> Sasha, S, Barnett, AG, Foldi, C, Burne, TH, Eyes, DW, Buka, Sl, & McGrath, JJ. Iminyaka yobudala yasemtholampilo ihlotshaniswa nemiphumela engafanelekile yezinkinga ngesikhathi sokusana nasebuntwaneni. PLOSMedicine. 2009; https: //doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000040.