Kusho ukuthini uma udokotela wakho ethi ingane yakho iyoba umntwana othobelekile? Yini ongayilindela?
Iyini Ingane Eyingane Yokuqala?
Ngokusho kwezincazelo eziningi, umntwana obeletha ngokulinganayo uzalwa phakathi kwamasonto angama-31 no-34 amasonto okugaya. I- preemie encane izalwa ngaphambi kwamasonto angama- 26 eminyaka yokukhulelwa ; umntwana osanda kuzalwa uzalwa phakathi kwamasonto angu-27 no-30 amasonto okugaya, kanti umntwana obeletha isikhathi eside ozalwa phakathi kwama-34 no-36 amasonto ama-gestational age.
Ngenxa yokuthi ingane ikhula ngokushesha kakhulu ezinyangeni zokugcina zokukhulelwa, umntwana oqala ukulingana uhlukile kakhulu kunomuntu ozelwe ngaphambili noma kamuva. Izinsana zangaphambi kokuqala zibhekene nezinselele eziyingqayizivele futhi zinezinkinga ezehlukene zezempilo ezivela kwezinye izingane ezingakafiki.
Ngabe Umntwana Olingane Ngaphambi Kokuqala Ubukeka Kanjani?
Nakuba zincane kunabantwana besikhathi esigcwele, izingane ezincane zangaphambi kwesikhathi zibukeka sengathi zifana nezinsana ezazalwa kamuva. Abasenaso isikhumba esincane nokuntuleka kwamafutha omzimba ukuthi izingane ezingakafiki zisenesikhathi. Zivame ukukala phakathi kwamakhilogremu amathathu kuya kwangu-5.
Uma uvakashela umntwana osanda kuzalwa, umntwana we-NICU uyobe esabisa kakhulu ukwedlula umntwana ngokwakhe. Lindela ukubona:
- Ama-incubators : Nakuba izingane ezisencane zangaphambi kokuqala ziqala ukugcwalisa, iningi labo abanalo amafutha omzimba okwanele ukuze bahlale befudumele. Ingane ingaba ku-incubator noma, ngamahora wokuqala amaningana okuphila, ngaphansi kokufudumala okushisa.
- Ukusekelwa ngokuphefumula: Cishe ingxenye yengane encane engaphambi kokuzalwa idinga ukwesekwa kokuphefumula ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. I-CPP ye-Nasal ne- cannulas yama-nasal iyasetshenziswa kakhulu, nakuba izingane ezincane zangaphambi kokuqala zidinga ukuphuma umoya.
- Imigqa ye-IV: Ngenxa yokuthi izingane ezincane ziqala ukugaya ukudla okuncane, ukondla ubisi kancane kancane futhi kwanda ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. I-Peripheral IVs ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukunikeza ingane ukudla okwanele ngenkathi kuphakelwa ukuphakela, nakuba imigqa ye-PICC kanye ne- catheters embilical ingasetshenziswa futhi.
- Imishini yokuqapha : Izitifiketi esifubeni sezinsana nezinyawo noma izinyawo zomntwana zizohlola izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yengane, izinga lokuphefumula, nokuphefumula kwe-oxygen.
- Amapayipi okudla : Ngenxa yokuthi abantwana abangenasisindo abanamandla ngokwanele ukuba badle ukudla okwanele ukuze bathole isisindo, ithubhu izophuma emlonyeni wengane (tube OG) noma impumu (NG tube) kuya esiswini. I-tube izosetshenziselwa ukunikeza ukuncelisa ubisi okungekho ingane engayithathi ngebele noma ibhodlela.
Ukukhathazeka Kwezempilo
Umntwana othombile ovuthiwe uvame ukuvuthwa ngokwanele ekuzalweni ukubalekela izinkinga zezempilo ezingathí sina zokungabi nesikhathi sokuqala . Iningi lezinkinga zempilo ezibhekene nezinsana zangaphambi kokubeletha zihlala isikhathi esifushane futhi zixazululwe ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwe-NICU.
- I-jaundice : I- jaundice ibangelwa ukuphazamiseka okuvamile kwamaseli abomvu ngemva kokuzalwa. Phakathi nalokhu kuphazamiseka, umzimba udala imikhiqizo engcolile ukuthi izingane ezingakafiki zingakwazi ukukhipha kahle kakhulu. Izithako zingadinga ukuphathwa ngezinsuku ezimbalwa nge-phototherapy ukusiza.
- I-apnea ye-prematurity: i- Apnea (lapho ukuphefumula kwema) kanye ne-bradycardia (lapho izinga lenhliziyo liyehla) zivame ukubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Izingane ezisencane zangaphambi kwesikhathi zingase zihlwithwe yi-apnea ye-prematurity emasontweni ambalwa ngenkathi imizimba yabo ikhula. I-apnea ye-prematurity iphathwa ngemithi nokuqapha okukhulu.
- Ukondla okubi: Izisu zangaphambi kwesikhathi ezingenamandla ngokwanele ukuthatha konke ukudla kwazo kusukela ebilweni noma ebhodleleni, futhi ngeke ziqondise ukuncelisa, ukugwinya nokuphefumula kahle. Kungaba ukhathaza abazali ukuba bashiye izingane zabo ku-NICU uma bebonakala behamba kahle ngazo zonke izindlela, ngoba nje abanamandla ngokwanele ukuncelisa noma ukuphakela ibhodlela .
- Ukucindezeleka ngokuphefumula : Ukuthuthukiswa kwamangqamuzana akuphelelanga kuze kube yilapho ingane isifinyelele isikhathi esiphelele, kanti izingane ezinengqondo ezibelethwe ngezinye izikhathi zinezinkinga zokuphefumula ekuzalweni. Bangase baphefumule ngokushesha (tachypnea), babe nokushisa okuphansi oksijini, noma babonise ezinye izimpawu ukuthi banenkinga yokuphefumula. Ukusekelwa ngokuphefumula kungadingeka, ikakhulukazi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuphila.
Kuyini iTachypnea?
I-Tachypnea iphefumula ngokushesha. Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa ziphefumulela ukuphefumula phakathi kuka-40 no-60 ngomzuzu. Isilinganiso sokuphefumula masinyane kunemiphefumula engu-60 ngomzuzu okuthiwa i- tachypnea . Bobabili abantwana nabantwana abangakazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi bangaphefumula ngenxa yesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-tachypnea yesikhashana esanda kuzalwa (TTN), isimo esimnene. Amantombazane ane-TTN angadinga ukwesekwa kokuphefumula , futhi avame ukuphefumula ngokujwayelekile ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-1 noma ezimbili. Ezinganeni ezingakabiphi, i-tachypnea ingase ibe uphawu lwe- respiratory depression syndrome , isimo esingathi sína esingathatha isikhathi eside ukuze siphumelele.
Kuzoze kube nini ingane ehle kakhulu ngaphambi kokuhlala i-NICU?
Zonke izinsana zokuqala kufanele zihlangabezane nemigomo ethile ngaphambi kokuba ikhululwe ngokuphepha eNICU. Kumele bakwazi ukudla, ukuphefumula, nokufudumala ngokwabo. Izinsana zangaphambi kokuqala zithatha amasonto ambalwa ukuze zihlangabezane nalezi zindabuko futhi zivame ukukhishwa emavikini angu-36 eminyaka.
Izinkinga Zesikhathi Eside
Abaningi abasenesikhathi sokubeletha bashiya i-NICU ngaphandle kwemiphumela ehlala njalo yokuqeda isimo. Abanye bangadinga ukunakekelwa kwesikhashana ngemuva kokukhishwa; bangase bahambise i-apnea ukuqapha ikhaya nabo noma badinga umoya-mpilo ekhaya izinyanga ezimbalwa. Cishe u-15% uzoba nokukhubazeka okuncane njengokuncishiswa kokuthuthukiswa noma inkinga esikoleni, kanti omunye u-5% kuya ku-8% uzoba nokulinganiselwa okungathí sina ngokomzimba nangokwenyama.
Kunezinto eziningi abazali abangayenza ukuze basize ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingane zabo zinomphumela ongcono kakhulu:
- Thola ukunakekelwa kokuqala kokubeletha: Amama anganciphisa ingozi yokubeletha ngaphambi kokubeletha ngaphambi kokunakekelwa ngaphambi kokubeletha. Abomama abalindelekile kufanele bakhulume nodokotela babo kusenesikhathi mayelana namathuba abo okuba nengane ngaphambi kwesikhathi; ngokusho kukaMashi we-Dimes, lezi zingxoxo zivame kakhulu.
- Sichitha isikhathi ku-NICU: Uma usubelethile umntwana ongenokuqala, sebenzisa isikhathi esiningi ku-NICU ngangokunokwenzeka. Funda ngesimo somntanakho , isibopho nomntanakho , futhi uthole okuhle ekudleni i-preemie yakho .
- Hlola ukungenelela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi : Uma ingane yakho ibonisa noma yiziphi izimpawu zokubambezeleka kokuthuthukiswa noma unenkinga enkulu yezempilo ku-NICU, khuluma nodokotela wezingane ngokungenelela kokuqala (EI). Izinhlelo zokusungula zakuqala zikhululekile kubazali futhi zingasiza izingane zokubeletha zifinyelele kubangane babo ngokushesha.
Imithombo:
> Gunter, J. The Preemie Primer Da Capo, 2010.
Kirkby, S, Greenspan, J, Kornhauser, M, noSchneiderman, R. "Imiphumela Yomtholampilo kanye Nezindleko Zengane Elingane Ngaphambi Kokuqala." Intuthuko Ekunakekelweni Kwangasese Kwa- Ephreli 2007; 7, 80-87.
Qiu, X et al. "Ukuqhathaniswa kweMiphumela ye-Singleton kanye nemiphumela eminingi yokubelethwa kwezinsana ezazalwa ngaphambi noma ngemva kwamaviki angu-32 okuGestation." I-Obstetrics & Gynecology Feb 2008; 111, 365-371.