Amadivaysi asetshenziselwa ukusekela ama-Lungs Asanda kuzalwa, athuthuka
Izinkinga zokuphefumula zingenye yezinkinga zempilo ezivame kakhulu ezinganeni ezingaphambi kwesikhathi . Ngenhlanhla, ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kuye kwavumela izingane eziningi zangaphambi kokubeletha ukuba zifinyelele empilweni egcwele ngokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokusekela ukuphefumula ezinyunithi zokunakekelwa ezikhulayo ze- neonatal (NICUs) .
Izimbangela Zokucindezeleka Okuphefumulayo Ezinsaneni Zokuqala
Izinkinga eziphuthumayo zikhula ezinganeni ezingaphambi kwesikhathi ngoba amaphaphu abo awasho ithuba lokufinyelela ukuvuthwa okugcwele esibelethweni.
Ngenxa yalokho, bangathola noma yiziphi izinkinga ezibangelwa isimiso sokuphefumula esincane.
Phakathi kwezimo ezivame kakhulu:
- I-respiratory distress syndrome (i-RDS) yinkinga ebangelwa ukungabi khona kwe-surfactant emaphashini. Lezi yizinto ezivumela imisipha yamaphaphu ukuba yande futhi ivumelane. Ngaphandle kwalo, ukuphefumula kuyaphela.
- I-dysplasia ye-bronchopulmonary, isifo samaphaphu esingapheli, sivame ukubonwa ezithakalweni ezingaphansi kwamakhilogremu angu-1 ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Kungabangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwe-oksijeni nokuphefumula komshini.
- I-apnea yinkinga ebonakala ngokuyeka ukuphefumula okuholela ekunciphiseni izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo (bradycardia). I-apnea ivame ukubangelwa ukungahlanjululwa engxenyeni yobuchopho obulawula ukuphefumula okungazimele.
Ebhekene nalezi zifo ezivamile zokuphefumulela, ama-NICU aqeqeshiwe futhi ahlonyelwe ukuhlinzeka usizo lokuphefumula ezinganeni zangaphambi kwesikhathi baze bakwazi ukuphefumula ngokwabo.
Izinhlobo Zokusekela Ukuphefumula Kwezingane Zokuqala
Izinhlobo eziningi zokuphefumula zitholakala ku-NICU, kuye ngezinga losizo oludinga ingane. Phakathi kwazo:
- I-canal cannula ingenye yezinhlobo ezincane ezingavamile zokusekela ukuphefumula. I-cannula yamanzi ingumshini omncane weplastiki eplastiki oletha oksijini ngqo emakhaleni. Lolu hlobo lwesistimu luboniswa ezinganeni ezikwazi ukuphefumula zodwa kodwa zidinga ukuthuthwa komoya okunye ukuze kugcine amaphaphu evulekele noma agcine izinga elingaguquguquki le-oksijini egazini.
- Ukucindezela okuqhubekayo kwe-airway (CPAP) wuhlobo lokusekela okuphefumulayo okushaya umoya ogeleza njalo emaphashini emntwaneni ngokusebenzisa imaski noma i-cannula yangasese. Umgomo oyinhloko we-CPAP ukwelashwa ukugcina kahle amaphaphu angaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngenkathi ingcindezi yomoya iphakeme kune-cannula ye-nasal ejwayelekile, i-CPAP isetshenziswa kuphela ezinganeni ezingakwazi ukuphefumula ngokwabo
- I-ventilation ye-mechanical isetshenziselwa izingane ezingenesikhathi esincane ezingenamandla okuphefumula ngokwazo. I-ventilator inikeza ingxube ye-oksijeni nomoya okwenyuka ngaphakathi kwipayipi ibe yi-windpipe bese iphuma, iphinde iphethe indlela yokuphefumula yemvelo. Ngama-ventilators amaningi asebenzayo, abantwana bangakwazi ukuphefumula ngokwabo.
Ukuze uvimbele i-RDS , odokotela bazohlinzeka ngokujwayelekile nge-steroid efana ne-betamethasone kulabo besifazane abangasebenzi ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Imithi, uma inikezwa ngaphambi kokubeletha, ingasheshisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-surfactant futhi isize ukuvuthwa kwamapayipi omntwana. I-surfactant inganikwa futhi ingane ngemuva kokuzalwa.
Nakuba izingane ezingakazalwa zingenaso i-surfactant ngokuvamile zizodinga i-ventilator, ukusetshenziswa kwe-surfactant kunciphise kakhulu isikhathi esidingekayo sokusekela ukuphefumula.
> Umthombo
- > Garg, S .; Sinha, S. "Ukuphumula okungenasidingo ezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa: Ngokusekelwe ebufakazini noma kumkhuba." Journal of Neonatology Clinic. 2013; 2 (4): 155-159.