Izinsana zangaphambi kokuzalwa zingabantwana abazalwa ngaphambi kweviki lama-37 lokukhulelwa kowesifazane. Kodwa-ke, uma uke wachitha isikhathi ngaphakathi kwe-NICU, uyazi ukuthi izitha zangaphambili ezizalwa ngezigaba ezahlukene zokukhulelwa zihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye.
Zonke izingane ezingaphambi kwesikhathi zincane, zidinga ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi zingabhekene nezinkinga ezinkulu eNICU nasekhaya. Umntwana ozalwa ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kwezingu-4 ekuqaleni, noma kunjalo, uzobhekana nezinkinga ezihluke kakhulu ezivela emntwaneni ozalwa ezinyangeni ezi-1 kuya kwezi-2 ekuqaleni.
Ake sihlolisise ukuthi izingane ezingakabiphi isikhathi ziyahluka kanjani ngesonto ngesonto.
23-24 Amaviki
Ingxenye engaphezu kwesigamu sezingane ezingakazalwa zingakapheli amasonto angu- 23 no- 24 okukhulelwa kuzosinda futhi ziphile ukuze zibone impilo ngaphandle kwe-NICU. Amantombazane azalwa ngaphambi kwamasonto angama-23 angaphila - omncane kakhulu owake waphila u- Amillia Taylor , owazalwa emavikini angu-21 kuphela kanye nezinsuku eziyisithupha zokubeletha. Kodwa, amaviki angu-23 kuya kwangu-24 avame ukubhekwa njengenkathi yokuphila kwezingane ezingakafiki.
Izingane ezingakazalwa zizalwa emavikini angu-23 kuya kwangu-24 zibizwa ngokuthi izitha zangaphambili ezincane . Balinganisa amapremu futhi balinganiselwa ngamasentimitha angu-8 ubude kusukela ekhanda labo kuya emathangeni abo. Izinsana ezizalwe ngalesi sikhathi zizokwembozwa izinwele ezinhle ezibizwa ngokuthi i -gogo, ukuze zihlale zifudumele, njengoba zingakabi namafutha omdaka. Isikhumba sabo sincane futhi sincane kakhulu. Nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi amehlo azo azovalwa, uzoba ne-eyelashes ne-browser ngokugcwele. Bayoba neminwe encane!
Lokhu kuthiwa, iningi lezinhlelo zomzimba alithuthukisiwe emavikini angu-23 kuya kwangu-24 ukubeletha. Izindlela zokuhamba emoyeni eziphansi ziqala ukuthuthukisa, ngakho-ke amaviki angu-23 namaviki angu-24 azodinga ukwesekwa kokuphefumula isikhathi eside.
Ungase umangale uma ufunda ukuthi umntwana okwamanje unesistimu yokuzwa egcwele ngokugcwele, ngakho-ke uyakwazi ukuzwa izwi lakho, nakuba umsindo ozwakalayo ungase uphelele futhi ukhululeke esimisweni sabo sezinzwa ezingapheli.
25-26 Amaviki
Emasontweni angama-25 kuya kwangu-26, abantwana abengakafiki ngaphambi kwesikhathi banesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-1 kuya kwangu-2 futhi banamaphesenti angu-9 ubude uma kulinganiswa kusuka enhloko kuya ezansi. Amantombazane azalwe ngalesi sikhathi abizwa ngokuthi ama-pre pre-micro, futhi ahlangene ne-NICU ehlala isikhathi eside futhi enemibandela eminingi yezempilo ehlobene nokuphelelwa isikhathi .
Emasontweni angama-26 ukubeletha, amaphaphu amantombazane angakabiphi aqala ukuthuthukisa ama-alveoli, amasaka omoya avumela ukushintshaniswa kwegesi. Nakuba basencane kakhulu ukuba baphefumule ngaphandle kosizo, lokhu kuyimbangela enkulu. Ezinye izigameko zokuthuthukiswa kwamaviki angu-25 no-26 zihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo ye-startle - ingane ezalwe ngalesi sikhathi izothuthukisa ngokuzwakalayo, futhi lokhu kuyisenzo esivamile sesistimu yabo yezinzwa. Iminyango nezinyathelo zeminwe nazo ziyathuthuka.
27-28 Amaviki
Ngamaviki angu-27, izinsana ezingakafiki zisengabhekwa njengama-pre pre micro. Manje ebizwa ngokuthi " izingane ezincane kakhulu ngaphambi kwesikhathi ," lezi zingane zinamaphesenti angaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-95 okusinda kokuzalwa kwangaphambili kanye nokukhishwa kwe-NICU. Kodwa-ke, amaviki angu-27 no-28 ayadingeka ukunakekelwa okuningi kwezokwelapha futhi kulindeleke ukuba ahlale ku-NICU isikhathi eside.
Emasontweni angama-28, abantwana abangaphambi kwesikhathi bangamamitha angu-2 1/2 futhi banamayintshi angu-16 ubude kusukela enhlokweni kuya enzwaneni. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamehlo okuphuthumayo kwenzeka, futhi izingane ezingakazalwa zingakapheli amasonto angama-27 zingabonakala futhi zingasaphathi amajwabu amehlo. Ama-retinas abo asathuthuka (okwenza kube namanje engozini yokuthola i-retinopathy ye-prematurity, noma i-ROP), kodwa amehlo abo angakha izithombe.
Emasontweni angama-27 no-28, abantwana abangaphambi kwesikhathi baqala ukuthuthukisa ukulala okuhlangene / okuhambayo. Baqala ukuba nezinkathi zokulala kwe-REM, futhi abazali bebukele izingane zabo belele bangase bazibuze ukuthi bakhuluma ngani.
29-30 Amaviki
Ngamaviki angu-29 kuya kwangu-30, umntwana okhulayo uye wavuthwa kakhulu. Izingane ezingakazalwa zizalwa phakathi kwamasonto angu-29 no-30 zizoqhubeka zidinga i- NICU ende, kodwa izitho zabo ezibalulekile zithuthukisiwe kakhulu kunezingane ezelwe ekuqaleni.
Ngamaviki angama-29 kuya kwangu-30, abantwana abangaphambi kwesikhathi bangamamitha angu-3 futhi banamayintshi angu-17 ubude. Nakuba zisencane kakhulu, amaviki angu-29 kanye nama-week-end angu-30 banamafutha amaningi agcinwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba sabo , ngakho abheka njengabantwana "bangempela". Baqala ukuchitha i-yoursgo, izinwele ezinhle ezihlanganisa umzimba we-preemie. Futhi, amehlo abo angakwazi ukukhanya manje, kodwa izibani ezikhanyayo namacici amakhulu ngokuvamile ayengakhululeki.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu konke ukuvuthwa kwangaphandle, ubuchopho buya esikhathini sokukhula okusheshayo futhi. Ubuchopho bezinsana ezingama-29 no-30 bezinsana ezingakabiphi kuqala ziqala ukubheka ubuchopho futhi bunamathele, futhi zivuthiwe ngokwanele ukuze ziqale ukulawula ukushisa komzimba.
Kule minyaka yobudala, umntwana osanda kuzalwa unomuzwa ophephile futhi ocolile nge-swaddling kanye nesting. Futhi, ngalesi sikhathi, isisu nesisu sabo zikhula futhi zilungele ukugaya ubisi. Angakakulungeli ukuphakela kwezingono kodwa angase aqale ukusondla ku-pacifier ukusiza ukuthuthukisa imisipha yabo yokudla. Ngaphezu kokusebenzisa i-pacifier, ukunakekelwa kwe-kangaroo ngenkathi kudliwa kuzokusiza ingane yakho iphumelele, futhi ikusize wena nesibopho sakho somntanakho.
31-32 Amasonto
Emasontweni angama-31 kuya ku-32, izingane ezingakafiki zisilinganise phakathi kwamakhilogremu amathathu no-4 futhi ziphakathi kuka-18 no-19 amasentimitha ubude. Lokho cishe uma nje umntwana ezalwa ngesikhathi. Izingane ezingakazalwa ezitholakala emasontweni angama-31 no-32 zibizwa ngokuthi izingane ezinengqondo zangaphambi kwesikhathi . Nakuba besengakazalwa ngesikhathi sokuzalwa futhi kuzodinga amasonto amaningana okunakekelwa kwe-NICU, abalingani abaningi abangu-31 no-32 bayabambelela ngokushesha kunontanga yabo futhi babe nemiphumela embalwa yesikhathi eside yokuqeda isimo.
Phakathi kwamaviki angu-31 no-32, izinsana zithola amaningi omzimba. Izingane ezingakazalwa ezelwe kule minyaka ziqala ukubonakala zigcwele futhi zingakwazi ukugcina ukushisa komzimba okuhle ngaphandle kosizo lwe-incubator.
Basebenzisa zonke izinzwa ezingu-5 ukuze bafunde mayelana nezimo zabo kodwa namanje bangase badlulise amehlo ngokukhanya okukhanyayo nokukhala okukhulu. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwemvelo yabo kungabonakaliswa ngokusebenzisa i-hiccup, i-sneeze, noma ikhale. Lokhu kuthiwa, ngalesi sikhathi, ingane yakho izokujabulela ukubona ubuso bakho busondele.
Ngokuvamile abazali bafuna ukwazi ukuthi izingane zabo zingabuya nini kuNICU . Ngisho nangalesi sikhathi, ingane yakho ibukeka njengenguqulo encane yomntwana ogcwele isikhathi eside, ingane yakho isadinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, ikakhulukazi njengoba impilo yabo yegciwane lengculazi iqhubeka ukuvuthwa, futhi ithuthukisa umntanakho wokuncelisa. Ngesikhathi umntwana wakho ephapheme kakhulu, ukulala kwabo kudinga ukuvikelwa, ngakho bangaqhubeka bekhula futhi bakhule.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphambi kokuba kukhishwe, kunezinyathelo eziningana ezibalulekile ezinganeni ezingakafiki : kufanele zidle, ziphefumule futhi zihlale zifudumele ngaphandle kosizo oluvela kwabasebenzi beNICU noma imishini. Izithaswane ezizalwa emavikini angu-31 no-32 zingakwazi ukwenza eyodwa noma ezimbili zalezi zinto ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, kodwa kuzothatha isikhathi ukufinyelela kuzo zonke izigigaba ezintathu.
33-34 Amaviki
Izingane ezingakazalwa zizalwa phakathi kwamasonto angama-33 kuya kwangu-34 zibizwa ngokuthi izingane ezinengqondo zangaphambi kwesikhathi . Ukulinganisa phakathi kwamakhilogremu angu-4 no-5 ekuzalweni nokulinganisa amasentimitha angu-20 ubude, lezi zingane zisondela kakhulu ngobukhulu bomntwana ozalwa ngesikhathi. Nakuba bekhula, abamaviki angu-33 nabangu-34 basengakazalwa futhi bangadinga ukuhlala ku-NICU amasonto amaningana.
Izinsana zangaphambi kokuqala zitholakala ngokugcwele ngamasonto angu-33 no-34. Amathambo abo awakhiwe ngokugcwele, izinhlamvu zabo zifika emaphethelweni omunwe wabo, futhi kubafana, amakholomu ahla e-scrotum. Kodwa-ke, uhlelo lokuphefumula aluqedi ukuthuthuka kuze kube sekupheleni kwamasonto okukhulelwa, futhi amasosha omzimba aqala ukudlula emama ukuya emntwaneni - ngakho impilo yabo yegciwane lengculaza isengakahleleki.
Emasontweni angama-33 nama-34, iningi lezingane ezingaphambi kwesikhathi lizoba ne-NICU elincane elihlala nezinkinga ezimbalwa kuphela. Bangase badinga usizo lokuphefumula okwesikhashana, kodwa ukufunda ukudla kungathatha isikhathi eside kakhulu. I-suck-swallow breathing reflex ayilungiswanga kahle, futhi lezi zingane zingase zingabi namandla ngokwanele ukuba zithole ukudla okwanele ukuze zikhule futhi zithole isisindo.
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kubalulekile futhi ukubuka izibonakaliso zokudlula ngaphezulu kwemvelo efana ne-hiccuping, ukunyundela, ukukhala, noma ukuguqula. Ukuvikela isikhathi somntanakho sokulala kubaluleke kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi.
35-36 Amasonto
Izingane ezingakazalwa zizalwa ngamasonto angama-35 kuya kwangu-36 zibizwa ngokuthi izinsana ezisenesikhathi sokubeletha . Lezi zingane ziyizingalo ezingaba ngu-20 ubude futhi ngokuvamile zilinganisa phakathi kwamakhilogremu angu-5 no-6. Nakuba ama-week-end angama-35 nama-36 abukeka njengabantwana besikhathi esigcwele, basengaphambi kwesikhathi futhi bangase babhekane nezinkinga zokungabi nesikhathi sokuqala .
Emasontweni okugcina okukhulelwa, iningi labantwana liphendukele endaweni ephansi. Bafinyelele ukuphakama kwabo okugcwele, bazuza isisindo ngokushesha, banezinhlamvu zeminwe eziza emathonjeni weminwe yabo, futhi bazinzile ngokugcwele.
Nakuba zibukeka njengezingane ezinesikhathi esigcwele, izingane ezingama-35 nama-36 zingabantwana abangaphambi kwesikhathi. Amapayipi abo angeke akhiwe ngokuphelele kwamanye amasonto ambalwa, futhi angase abe namafutha okwanele ukuze ahlale efudumele noma angene amandla okondla ngamabele noma amabhodlela ngempumelelo.
Ukuqhubeka nokuvikela ubuthongo kanye nesikhathi sabo ku-NICU baze bekulungele ukuya ekhaya kubalulekile.
> Imithombo:
> Coughlin M, Gibbins S, Hoath S. Izinyathelo eziyinhloko zokunakekelwa okuthuthukisayo ekuthuthukisweni kwezinyunithi zokunakekelwa ezikhulayo: i-theory, > phambili > nokusebenza. J Adv Nurs . 2009 Oct; 65 (10): 2239-48.
> Curtis, uGlade noSchuler, uJudith. Iviki lakho lokukhulelwa ngesonto. 6th ed. I-Da Capo, ngo-2008.
> Montirosso R et al. Izinga leNICU yokunakekelwa kwentuthuko kanye nokusebenza kwe-neurobehavioral ezinsana ezisencane kakhulu. Izingane zokwelapha . 2012 Meyi; 129 (5): e1129-37.
> Murkoff, Heidi noSharon Mazel. Okumele Ukulindele Uma Ulindele. I-4th ed. Umsebenzi, eNew York, ngo-2008.
> Bamba i-Boo ICU. Iphrofayela ye-Preemie: I-Senses ne-Baby yakho yangaphambili.