Ukuhlolwa kokuzalwa okusha, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-PKU, ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubheke ukuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene ezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa. Ukuhlolwa kwe-PKU kwenziwa ngokuthoba isithende somntwana nokuvumela amaconsi amaningana egazi ukuba awele ekhadini elikhethekile. Ukuhlolwa kuyahlukahluka kumbuso, ezinye izifunda zifuna ukukhathazeka okuningi kunabanye.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-PKU kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kokusana okungenani amahora angu-24 kuya kwangu-48 ubudala kepha kungakapheli izinsuku zokuqala ezingu-7 zokuphila.
Ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana osanda kuzalwa ashiye esibhedlela. Amantombazane azalwa ekhaya noma kwenye indawo yokuphuma ngaphandle kwesibhedlela kufanele axhumane nombelethisi noma udokotela wezingane ukuze athole ibhodi eliseduzane elingenza ukuhlolwa.
Kungani Isikrini Esisanda Kuzalwa Sabizwa Nge-PKU Test?
Ngo-1963, uDkt. Robert Guthrie wakhula ukuhlolwa okulula nokungabizi kakhulu kwe-PKU, noma i-phenylketonuria, ezinganeni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuhlolwa okufanayo kwasetshenziselwa ukubheka ezinye izinkinga eziningi. Nakuba ukuhlolwa kokuzalwa kokuzalwa manje kubheka izinkinga ezingaphezu kwezingu-50 kwezinye izifundazwe, kusasa kuthiwa yi-PKU test.
Yini I-PKU Test Engazibona?
Nakuba ukuhlolwa kwe-PKU kuhlukezwe ngombuso, bonke basebenzise ukuhlolwa kokuzalwa okusha ukuhlola okungenani izifo ezingu-21 ezahlukene, kufaka phakathi:
- I-PKU
- I-hypothyroidism ekhulile
- Galactosemia
Iningi lisetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwe-PKU ukuhlola izinkinga ezengeziwe nokuhlolwa okunye kwezifo ezingaphezu kuka-50 ezahlukene.
Eziningi zalezi zinkinga ziyi-metabolic, okusho ukuthi zithinta indlela amaseli enza ngayo amandla.
Kungani Ukuhlolwa Kwe-PKU Kubalulekile?
Ukuhlolwa kwe-PKU kubheka izinkinga ezingabangela izinkinga zempilo ezinzima uma zingaphathwa kahle. Ezinye zezinkinga zingase zibe yingozi kakhulu noma zingasongela impilo ngesonto lokuqala lokuphila uma zingatholakali futhi ziphathwa ngokushesha.
Abanye abakhombisi izimpawu izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka, futhi izimpawu zingase zibukeke njengezinye izifo.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-PKU kuhluke kanjani ku-NICU?
Kokubili ukungabonakali kwezitha kanye nezinkinga ze-NICU ukwelashwa kungenza kube nzima ukuhlola izivivinyo zokuhlola ukuzalwa okusha. Iziguli ze-NICU zingahle zidingeke zihlolwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ukwenza imiphumela ilula ukuyiqonda.
Izinsana zangaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nezinsana zesikhashana ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwe-NICU zinezinkinga eziningana ezingathinta ukuhlolwa kokuzalwa kokuzalwa:
- Ukudla okwesikhashana: Izinsana eziningi ze-NICU azondlwanga imikhiqizo yobisi ngokushesha, ngenxa yengozi ye-NEC, isifiso, noma ezinye izinkinga. Ngaphandle kokuthi izindlela zokuhlola eziphambili zisetshenziswe, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-PKU inembile kakhulu ngemuva kokuba ingane isamukele ukondla ubisi okungenani amahora angu-24 kuya kwangu-48 kodwa kungakapheli izinsuku ezingu-7 zokuphila.
- Ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotic: Ama-antibiotics angathinta ukunemba kwamanye okuhlolwa okwenziwa kuhlolo lwe-PKU.
- Ukudla okuphelele komzimba (TPN) : I- TPN ingathinta ukunemba kwamanye ukuhlolwa kokuzalwa okusha.
- Ukumpontshelwa igazi: Ngenxa yokuthi ukumpontshelwa igazi kuthatha enye igazi lomntwana ngegazi lokwakheka okuhlukile, ukumpontshelwa igazi kungathinta ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-PKU kuvivinye kancane.
- Amanani aphezulu we-hypothyroidism: Izinsana zangaphambi kwesikhathi zinamanani aphezulu we-hypothyroidism kunezingane ezisenesikhathi. Lesi simo ngokuvamile sihlala isikhathi esifushane futhi siba ngcono ngokwakho ngaphandle kwemiphumela ehlala njalo, kodwa singaphazamisa ukukhula nentuthuko uma kungabhekwa eduze.
Uma ngabe ingane yakho ingakafiki isikhathi noma ichithe isikhathi ku-NICU, kungenzeka ukuthi uhlangabezane nokunye okungenhla okungene ngenhla noma kunenkathi ye-hypothyroidism. Abasebenzi be-NICU bazovame ukwenza olunye uhlolo lwe-PKU ngaphambi kokungenelela okuhleliwe, futhi ukuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe kuzodinga ukudonsa esikhathini esizayo. Ukuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe kuzosiza ekunqumeni ukuthi ngabe i-hypothyroidism izodinga ukwelashwa.
Izinsana ezingaphambi kwesikhathi zivame ukuthola ukuhlolwa kwazo okuphindaphindiwe ku-NICU. Uma ngabe ube negama elibhekene neNICU okwesikhashana, cela udokotela wezingane uma ukuhlolwa kwe-PKU kufanele kuphindwe, futhi nini.
Kuthiwani uma ukuhlolwa kwe-Newborn Screening / PKU kulungile?
Uma isikrini sakho esisha esisha esilungile ku-PKU noma esinye isifo, ukuhlolwa kokulandela kuzokwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa okusolisayo. Iminye imiphumela yokuhlolwa yokuzalwa kokuzalwa i-positive-positives, ngakho-ke ingane yakho ingase ingabi naso isifo esolungelwayo. Uma ukuphazamiseka kubonakala, ukwelashwa kuzoxoxwa bese kuqaliswa.
Imithombo:
UBryant, uKristin RN BSN MSN; Amacici, i-RNC Kimberly, iNNP, i-PHD; Longo, Nicola MD, PhD; Schiefelbein, Julieanne MappSc, RNC, MA, RM, PNP, NNP. "I-Primer Ngokuhlolwa Kwisanda Kuzalwa." Ukuthuthukiswa kokunakekelwa kwezingane ezitholakala eNootatal Okthoba 2004; 4, 306-317.
March we-Dimes. "Izivivinyo Zamafilimu Asanda kuzalwa."
March we-Dimes. "Izizwe Nweba Ukuhlolwa Okusanda Kuzalwa Ukuphazamiseka Kwezinto Zokuphila."