Njengomhlengikazi eklinikeni yokunakekelwa kwezingane ezibelethwe yi- neonatal (NICU) , ngizwa lo mbuzo kaningi kubazali. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usana luzalwa ngamasonto noma izinyanga zakuqala, abazali bakhathazeka ngemiphumela yesikhathi eside yezempilo yokungabonakali. Bafuna ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele balindelwe, nokuthi bangakuvikela kanjani izinkinga ezibangelwa ngokuzalwa maduzane.
Uhlu lwezinkinga zesikhathi eside zesikhathi sokuqeda ukuhlukumezeka lungabaza abazali.
Kodwa izindaba akuzona zonke ezimbi. Ngisho naphakathi kwama-microprective, esilinganisweni esingaphansi kuka-800 amagremu (cishe 1 lb 12 oz) ekuzalweni, iningi (60%) linemibuzo ejwayelekile yokuhlola izinzwa ezinyangeni ezingu-20 ubudala. Njengoba isisindo nesisindo somnyaka senyuka, izingozi ziyancipha. Lezi zingozi zihlanganisa:
- Izinkinga zokufunda: Umphumela ovame kakhulu wesikhathi eside wokuguqulwa komzimba kungenye indlela yokukhubazeka kokufunda. Ukukhubazeka kungenzeka kube mnene, kunzima, noma kuphi phakathi, futhi kaningi akubonakali kuze kube yilapho izingane ziqala isikole. Izibalo zithinteka kakhulu; isilulumagama nokufunda okungenani kuthinteka kakhulu. Ukungenelela okuqala kanye nezinhlelo ezinjenge Head Head kungasiza ukunciphisa izinkinga zokufunda ukukhuthaza impumelelo yesikole.
- Izinkinga nezindlebe zokuzwa: Ama- Microprez asemngeni we-eye isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-retinopathy ye-prematurity (i-ROP), isimo esingabangela ukukhubazeka kombono noma ubumpumputhe. Ngenxa yokuthi i-ROP ilula kakhulu ukuphatha uma ibanjwa ngokushesha, izinsana ezingakafiki zihlolwe ekuqaleni, ngokuvamile lapho zisesezibhedlela. Lesi simo siphathwa ngokuqhwaza noma ngokuhlinzwa kwala laser, futhi izinsana eziningi zilulame ngokuphelele.
- Izinkinga zokudla nokugaya ukudla: Izinsana ezingakazalwa zivame ukuphuza esiswini noma ibhodlela ekuzalweni, futhi zingadliwa nge-IV fluids noma nge-tube emphunjini noma emlonyeni amasonto ambalwa. Lezi zinselele zokudla zakuqala zingabangela izinkinga zokudla okude isikhathi eside, kufaka phakathi ukulahlwa kokudla nokukhula kancane. Izimo ezimbi ze-enterocolitis (necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) zingadinga ukuhlinzeka ngamathumba, okungabangela ekubuneni ekudleni nasekuguleni. Isifo se-reflux se-gastroesophageal, esibizwa nangokuthi i-GERD noma i-reflux, ingenye inkinga ukuthi izingane ezingakazalwa zingase zibe nazo njengoba zikhula. I-reflux ingaba mnene noma ikhulu futhi ingadinga ukuphathwa ngudokotela.
- Izinkinga zokuphefumula: I- asthma, i-croup, ne-bronchitis konke kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezazalwa ekuqaleni kunabantwana abazalwa ngesikhathi. Ukuhlukunyezwa okungathí sina, i-dysplasia ye-bronchopulmonary (BPD), ingenye ingozi yokuqeda isimo sokuqala. Izinsana ezine-BPD zingadinga oksijini okwedlulele isikhathi eside, ngisho nangemva kokukhishwa kwesibhedlela.
- Ukukhubazeka kwesiberethri: Amaphesenti angu-30% ama-micropreemy ahlakulela ukukhubazeka kwe-cerebral, isimo esithinta ukunyakaza nokusebenzisana. Isimo singase sibe mnene noma sibi, futhi ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kungase kube khona noma kungabi khona. Izingane eziningi ezine-cerebral palsy zisebenzisa ama-braces, izihlalo zabakhubazekile, noma ezinye izixhobo zokusiza ukuze zifike ezindaweni ngezindawo.
Yini Abazali Ongayenza?
Iningi le-NICU linikezela ngemitholampilo yokulandelela kwabazali bezingane ezisencane, kusukela ngesikhathi beshiya i-NICU baze bafike eminyakeni yabo yesibili noma yesithathu yokuphila. Ukuya emsebenzini wonke wokuqashwa komtholampilo kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yimuphi umphumela wesikhathi eside wokuguqulwa kubanjwa ngokushesha futhi uphathwe ngokushesha.
Izingane zasenkulisa zibalulekile kubantwana abazalwa ekuqaleni. Izinhlelo zokuqala zezinhloko kanye nezinkulisa zasendlini zingasiza ekubhebhethekiseni ukushintshela enkulisa, kuthuthukise ukulungiswa kwezifundo zezilwane kanye nokunciphisa ezinye izinselele ezithinta izikole ezingase zibhekane nazo.
Lapho izingane ezinengane zingena esikoleni, abazali kuzodingeka bahlanganyele emfundweni yabo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yiziphi izinselelo zokufunda zikhonjiswe ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa kwangasese kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izinkinga ezincane ukuba zibe ezinkulu futhi zingasiza lezi zinsana ezincane ukuba zithuthukise amakhono abo.
Imithombo:
> Blackman, JA. "I- NICU > i-micropreemies > ihamba kanjani?" I- Contemporary Pediatrics Feb 2007 24: 64-73.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. "Izici ze-CDC: Ukuzalwa Okungaphambi kwesikhathi ." http://www.cdc.gov/Features/PrematureBirth/
> Holditch-Davis, > I-Ph.D. >, RN, FAAN, uDiane. "Imiphumela ye-prematurity kanye nokunakekelwa kokunakekelwa kwe-neonatal ejulile yokunakekelwa kweyunithi." I- Journal ye-Obstetric, Gynecologic, ne-Neonatal Nursing July-Aug 2007 36: 364-5.
> Medline Plus Medical Encyclopedia. "Umntana Ongekuqaleni." Http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/article/001562.htm
> I-National Eye Institute. "Ukuphindaphinda kwe-Prematurity." Http://www.nei.nih.gov/health/rop/