Isivivinyo sokuzwa esanda kuzalwa sivivinywa esingenasidingo esivela izinkinga zokuzwa ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa. Isivivinyo singasetshenziselwa izingane ezingakabiphi isikhathi kanye nezinsana ezisesikhathini.
Isivivinyo Sokuzwa Ukuzalwa Esasanda Kufezwa Kanjani?
Cishe wonke amazwe adinga ukuthi izibhedlela nezikhungo zokugcoba zihlinzeka ukuhlolwa kokuzwa kuzo zonke izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezivivinyo zokuzwa ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezinganeni:
- Ukukhishwa kwe-Otacoustic (OAE): Phakathi novivinyo lwe-OAE, i-earphone encane ifakwe endlebeni yomntwana. Umsindo uphonswa, futhi ukuphuma kwe-otoacoustic okuvezwa indlebe (njenge-echo) kulinganiswa.
- I-auditory brainstem response (ABR): Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-ABR, ama-headphone abekwe phezu kwezindlebe zomntwana, futhi ama-electrode afakwa entweni yengane. Umsindo udlalwa ema-earphones, futhi ama-electrodes ahlola impendulo yengqondo.
Kuleli phuzu, kokubili izivivinyo ze-OAE ne-ABR zibhekwa njengezivivinyo ezinokwethenjelwa kwesikrini sokulahlekelwa kwezindlebe ezinsaneni ezinhle. Ukuhlolwa kwe- ABR kunconywa esikhundleni sokuhlolwa kwe-OAE ezinganeni ezingaphambi kwesikhathi nezinsana ezachitha isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-5 ku-NICU, njengoba zingase zibone izinhlobo ezithile zokulahlekelwa kwezindlebe ezingatholakali yi-OAE test kuphela.
Izitha kanye NICU Iziguli Ezengozini Yokuzwa Ukulahlekelwa
Izingane ezingakaqali kanye nezinsana zesikhashana ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwe-NICU zisengozini enkulu yokulahlekelwa kwezindlebe kunezingane ezisencane ngenxa yezizathu eziningana, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi bathole ukuhlolwa kokuzwa ngaphambi kokukhishwa esibhedlela:
- Ukwelashwa kokuqala: Ukubeletha ngaphambi kokuzalwa (ukubeletha ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-37 ukubeletha) kuyinkinga engozini yokulahlekelwa ukuzwa.
- Isisindo sokuzalwa esincane: Amantombazane azalwe ngesisindo esingaphansi kwamakhilogremu angu-5, ama-ounces angu-8 (2500 g) abhekwa njengabantwana abancane ababelethwe isisindo kanti futhi engozini yokuphulukana nokuzwa.
- Imithi: Imithi ethile esebenzisa i-NICU ingalimaza indlebe, ikakhulukazi, ama-antibiotic afana ne-gentamicin. Le mithi ingasetshenziselwa izidakamizwa noma iziguli ze-NICU ezelwe ngesikhathi.
- I-Jaundice: I-jaundice ekhuphukisayo ikwandisa ingozi yengane yokulahlekelwa kwezindlebe. Izinsana ezingaphambi kwesikhathi zine- jaundice eningi kakhulu kunezingane ezisencane.
- Ukwelashwa: Izingane zengozi yokuzwa ukulahleka kokuzwa uma omama babo benesifo embelethweni noma esikhwameni se-amniotic ngaphambi kokubeletha. Izingane eziye zatholakala ukuthi zinesifo se-meningitis noma ezinye izinhlobo zokutheleleka nazo ziyingozi engozini yokulahlekelwa kwezindlebe.
Kungani Isivivinyo Sinikwa Amantana
Nakuba kungase kungabonakali njengezingane ezisanda kuzalwa zilalele izilaleli ezinhle, kubalulekile ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kutholakale kusenesikhathi. Ngokomlando, izingane ezilahlekelwe kakhulu zizwa ubunzima bezinlimi ezithinta indlela abafunda ngayo, bekhuluma, futhi bexhumana nabanye abantwana. Babenokubambezeleka kokuthuthukiswa kanye nezinkinga zomzwelo.
Uma ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kutholakala ezinyangeni ezi-3 ubudala futhi ukwelashwa kuqala ngaphambi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala, izingane ezilahlekelwa ukuzwa zihamba kangcono kakhulu. Bahlangabezana nemigomo eyengeziwe yokuthuthukiswa ngesikhathi, benze kangcono esikoleni, babe nezinkinga ezimbalwa ezingokomzwelo, futhi bafunde ukuxhumana ngokuphumelelayo.
Kwenzekani Uma Umntwana Wami Engaphumeleli Ukuvivinywa?
Kubalulekile ukuthi abazali bakhumbule ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokuzalwa okuzalwa nje kuphela ukuhlolwa kokuhlola. Ingane "ehluleka" ukuhlolwa ayitholakali ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokulahlekelwa kokuzwa.
Esikhundleni salokho, ingane engaphenduki njengoba kulindelwe ukuhlolwa kwezindlebe kufanele ihanjiswe kumuntu wezolwazi noma otolaryngologist (udokotela, indlebe, nomphimbo) ukuze aqhubeke nokuhlolwa. Yingakho odokotela nabahlengikazi bengasho ukuthi ingane "yehlulekile" ukuhlolwa kokulalela; bathi "ukhuluma" kwelinye noma ezindlebeni zombili.
Uma ingane yakho ibhekisiwe, khuluma nodokotela wezingane ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka mayelana nokuhlela i-aphoyintimenti yokuhlola okulandelwayo. I-audiologist noma i-otolaryngologist inganikeza izivivinyo ezizwakalayo zokuzwa ukuze zikusize ukuthi uqonde kuphi lapho ingane yakho inenkinga futhi ingakusiza ukuthola ukwelashwa komntanakho.
Imithombo:
I-American Academy ye-Pediatrics Joint Committee yokulalela izingane. "Isitatimende seNyaka ka-2007: Izindinganiso nezinkombandlela zokuThola ukuKhuthazwa kokuPhelelwa kokuPhepha nokuPhelela." Izingane zokubeletha ngo-Okthoba 2007; 120, 898-921.
D'Agostino, RN, MSN, CPNP no-Austin, uLaura MS, CCC / A. "I-Auditory Neuropathy: I-Unqual Under-Recognized Neonatal Care Care Unit Sequela." Izinqubekela phambili ekunakekelweni kokubeletha ngo-December 2004; 4, 344-353.
Izikhungo zezempilo zikazwelonke. "Ukuzwa Kwezingane Zakho Kubukelwe?" http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing/screened.asp.