Ukufunda konke mayelana ne-neonatal enkulu yokunakekelwa kweyunithi (NICU) kaningi kuyinye yezinyathelo zokuqala zokukhulisa abazali. Isikhathi sokuqala ovakashela ingane yakho ku-unit neonatal yokunakekelwa okukhulu (NICU) ingase ibe yindlala. Izinto, imisindo, kanye nephunga konke akujwayelekile, futhi iminyango ivaliwe futhi igcinwe. Kungase kubonakale sengathi abantu bangaphakathi bakhuluma ulimi oluhlukile!
Ukwazi kancane mayelana nezinsizakalo zokunakekelwa okujulile kanye nabanakekeli ozohlangana nabo kungenza okwenzekile kusabe, futhi kukuvumele ugxile ekusebenziseni isikhathi nengane yakho.
Iyini i-NICU?
I-NICU, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-nursery ekhethekile, inakekela izingane ezizalwa ekuqaleni, ezinenkinga ngesikhathi sokubeletha, noma ezakha izinkinga futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa okuphakeme. Nakuba wonke ama-NICU enakekela izingane ezidinga usizo olwengeziwe, ama-NICU ahlukahlukene anikeza amazinga ahlukene okunakekelwa .
Izinga I: Ukunakekelwa Okuyisisekelo Okusanda Kuzalwa: Izindlalelo zeNqanaba 1 zinakekela izingane ezinempilo, ezesikhathi esigcwele. Bayakwazi ukuzinza izingane ezizalwa eduze nesikhathi ukuze zilungele ukudluliselwa ezakhiweni ezinikeza ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.
I-Level II: Ukunakekelwa Okukhethekile Okusanda Kuzalwa: Izakhiwo ze-Level II zingakwazi ukunakekela izingane ezizalwa ezingaphezu kwamasonto angama-32 ukubeletha noma abaphulukana nezimo ezingathí sina.
- I-Level IIA: Lezi zikhungo azihlinzeki nge- ventilation .
- I-Level IIB: Lezi zikhungo zinganikeza umoya wokuphuza umoya ngamahora angaphansi kwamahora angu-24, futhi zinganikeza nokucindezela okuqhubekayo okuhamba phambili kwe-airway (CPAP) .
I-Level III: Ukunakekelwa Okusanda Kuzalwa Okusanda Kuzalwa: I- Level III I-NICU inakekela izingane ezigula kakhulu futhi inikeza ukusekelwa okuhlukahlukene kakhulu.
- I-Level IIIA: Lezi zindawo zokunakekela izingane ezizalwa ezingaphezu kwamasonto angama-28. Banikeza umoya wokuphuza umoya kanye nezinqubo ezincane zokwelapha ezifana nokubekwa komugqa ophakathi.
- I-Level IIIB: I-Level IIIB I-NICU ingahlinzeka ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokungena umoya, ukufinyelela ezinhlobonhlobo zezintatheli zezingane, ingasebenzisa amakhono we-imaging ngaphezu kwe-ray ray, futhi ingahlinzeka ngokuhlinzwa okudinga i-anesthesia.
- I-Level IIIC: Ukunakekelwa okunzima kakhulu kunikezwa kumaNICU weNqanaba IIIC, ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa yiNqanaba IV NICUs. Lezi zikhungo zinganikeza umoya ophuthumayo, kuhlanganise ne- ECMO , futhi unganikeza ukuhlinzwa okuthuthukile okuhlinzekwa ukuhlinza "inhliziyo evulekile" ukulungisa ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo.
I-Level IV (ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-Level IIIC) : I-NICU yeNqanaba IV iyona ndlela ephakeme yokunakekelwa kwezingane. Nakuba kungekho ncazelo esemthethweni ye-Level IV NICU, abanye bathi nezinhlelo zesibhedlela zisebenzisa le ncazelo ye-NICU enakekela izingane ezinesidingo esiphakeme.
I-NICU ye-Level IV inganikeza:
- Ukunakekela izingane ezineminyaka ephansi kakhulu yokuphila
- I-ventilation yama-mechanical, kuhlanganise ne- high-frequency ventilation
- Ukuhlinzwa okuhlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okudinga i-bypass
- Amanye ama-NICU angama-4 anganikeza futhi i- ECMO
Nakuba kungekho incazelo ejwayelekile yamazinga ahlukene okunakekelwa kwe-NICU, inqubomgomo ye-American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) kumazinga okuNakekelwa kweNonatal asetshenziselwa izingxenye eziningi zase-United States. Inqubomgomo ye-AAP ayiboni i-Level IV NICU.
Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokunakekelwa kwe-NICU elaziwa yi-AAP yiNICU yeNqanaba IIIC.
I-NICU Abasebenzi nabaNakekeli
Ngenkathi ingane yakho ikhona ku-NICU, uzogcinwa iqembu labadokotela, abahlengikazi, nabanye ochwepheshe bezokwelapha.
I-Neonatology: I- Neonatologists ingabahlengikazi abanokuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe ekunakekeleni izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa . Abahlengikazi be-Neonatal, noma abahlengikazi abaqeqeshiwe abaqeqeshekile ukunakekelwa kwezinsana nodokotela ekuqeqeshweni ukuba babe izingane (izakhamuzi) noma i-neonatologists (engabangane) nabo bangasiza ekunakekeleni ingane yakho ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwe-neonatologist.
Ubuhlengikazi: Abahlengikazi banikeza iningi lokuhlolwa kwansuku zonke nokunakekela izingane ku-NICU.
Basebenza eduze nabazali, i-neonatologists, kanye neqembu lonke le-NICU ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwelashwa okungcono kunabantwana abangaphansi kwabo.
Ukwelapha okuphefumula: Abahlinzeki bokuphefumula benza imisebenzi eminingi ku-NICU. Imisebenzi yabo ihlanganisa ukulawula imishini yokuphefumula , ukuhlinzeka ngokuphefumula, ukudweba nokuhlaziya igazi, nokuhlanganyela ekuthuthweni nasezimisweni.
Abahlinzeki basezikhundleni nasemzimbeni: Izinsana zangaphambi kwesikhathi zidinga isikhundla esikhethekile sokugqugquzela ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa okunempilo, kungadinga usizo oluthile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bafunda ukudla kahle futhi bangase bazuze ekusweleni kwezingane. I-Occupational therapists (OTs) kanye nabahlengikazi bempilo (PTs) banikeza lezi zinsizakalo.
Abasebenzi bokuqala: Ngaphandle kwabasebenzi bokunakekelwa kwezempilo okubalwe ngenhla, ezinye izinsiza eziningi zingasiza ukunakekela umndeni wakho ngenkathi ingane yakho ikhona ku-NICU. Ungase uhlangane nabamakhemisi abalungiselela imithi yabantwana ku-NICU, abacebisi be-lactation ukusiza omama banikeze ubisi lwebele kubantwana babo futhi basize omama bafunde ukuncelisa izingane zabo ezingaphambi kwesikhathi , kanye nabafundisi nabacebisi ukusiza abazali ukuba babhekane nokugula kwengane yabo.
Funda kabanzi: Izinsiza Nezinqubo ku-NICU
Imithombo
- I-American Academy of Pediatrics. "Izinga Lokunakekelwa Kwesifo Sokubelethwa Kwesifo Sokubeletha" Izingane Zengane 2004 114: 1341-1347.
- Isibhedlela sezingane sasePittsburgh. "Izinqubo Nezinsiza ku-NICU." Kufinyelelwe ngoNovemba 22, 2008
- Isibhedlela sezingane eNtshonalanga. "Abasebenzi bethu be-NICU abakhathalelayo." 2008. Ithole ngoNovemba 22, 2008.
- March we-Dimes. "I-Glossary: Izinsiza ezivamile ze-NICU. "Ngo-Okthoba 2008. Utholakale ngoNovemba 22, 2008.
- Nemours Foundation. "Uma Izingane Zakho Ku-NICU." Ifinyelelwe ngo-Novemba 22, 2008.