Ukunakekela Neonatal kanye NICU Levels

by I-Cheryl Bird, i-RN; Kubukezwe nguJoel Forman, MD

Kusukela ku-Well Nursery Nursery kuya ku-Level 4 NICU

Abamama abaningi abalindayo bacabanga ukuthi zonke izibhedlela ziyafana, kodwa amazinga e-NICU namazinga okunakekelwa kokubeletha ahluke kakhulu esibhedlela. Ezinye izibhedlela zinganikeza ukunakekelwa kochwepheshe ezinganeni ezincane kunazo zonke futhi ezigula kakhulu, kuhlanganise nezitha zangaphambili ezincane. Ezinye izibhedlela zihlelwa ukuhlinzeka kuphela ukunakekelwa kwezingane ezinengane zesikhathi esifanele futhi kumele zidlulisele ingane ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ezigulayo kwezinye izakhiwo.

Yini okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezindawo zokuhlinzeka ezihlinzekelwe ukuthi ngabe ukhetha isibhedlela esingakunikela ngaso noma ukuba nengane edinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile? Yini ehlukene phakathi kwezingane zokubeletha kahle, i-nursery ekhethekile, nezingane ezingeni le-3 noma ezingeni le-4?

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Well Nursery Nursery

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene zokubeletha ezitholakalayo ezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa noma ziphilile noma zingakafiki ?. I-Alvis Upitis / i-Stockbyte / i-Getty Izithombe

Izingane zokubeletha kahle zinikeza ukunakekelwa kwezinsana ezinempilo ezizalwe eduze nezinsuku ezifanele. I-nursery ihlinzekela ukunakekelwa kwezempilo njalo, kuhlanganise nokuhlolwa kanye nokuhlola okusemthethweni okuzalwa okusha .

Ngokuvamile izingane zokubeletha zingakwazi ukunakekela izingane zangaphambi kwesikhathi ezizalwa emavikini angu-35 (okubizwa ngokuthi izinsana zokubeletha zakudala ) nalabo abanezinkinga ezincane zokwelashwa.

Izingane zokubeletha kahle zibuye zihlomele ukuzinzisa izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwamaviki angu-35 noma ngezimo zezokwelapha ezidinga ukuthutha ukuya kwi-NICU.

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I-Care Care Nursery ekhethekile

Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile Ukwelashwa kungakunakekela izingane ezinengqondo zokubeletha. Isithombe ngu-Alvis Upitis / Getty Images

I- nursery ekhethekile yokwelashwa ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-level 2 NICU, ingazinakekela izingane ezizalwa emasontweni angama-32 yobudala bokubeletha noma ngaphezulu (ngokuvamile ezibhekwa njengezingane ezisencane ngaphambi kwesikhathi ) noma izinsana eziphelile isikhathi eside kodwa zidinga ukuqapha okusheshayo noma imithi yokulwa nemithi emva kokuzalwa.

Imithi yokunakekelwa okukhethekile ingabhekana nezinsana ezinenkinga yezempilo yokungabi nesikhathi sokuqala, njenge-jaundice nenkinga yokudla noma ukuhlala ifudumele. Njengoba ukondla ungenye yemisebenzi evame ukucacisa lapho umntwana engathunyelwa ekhaya evela ekhanda lokunakekelwa okukhethekile, ungase ufise ukufunda kabanzi mayelana nokudla izingane ngaphambi kwesikhathi .

Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile (izinga lezinga 2) kungase kuphulwe;

Izinga le-Level 2A elinganikeza usizo lokuphefumula
Izinga le-Level 2B elinikezela usizo lokuphefumula olufana nokucindezela okuqhubekayo kwe-airway ( CPAP )

Okuningi

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I-NICU ye-Level 3

I-NICU ye-Level III ingakwazi ukunakekela izingane ezincane kakhulu nezigulayo. Isithombe sihlonipha u-Getty Images / Alvis Upitis

I- NICU yezinga le-3 inganikeza ukunakekelwa okujulile kwezinsana ezizalwe cishe cishe yonke iminyaka yobudala, kusukela " ezinsana ezincane kakhulu ," abantwana abazalwa ngamasonto angu-27 kuya kwangu-30, nangaphezulu.

Incazelo yenqanaba le-3 i-NICU ingahluka emazweni ahlukene noma ezibhedlela, kodwa wonke ama-NICU angama-3 angakwazi ukunakekela izingane ezizalwa ezingaphezu kwamasonto angaphezu kwangu-28, zikwazi ukuhlinzeka ukusekelwa ukuphefumula kwabantwana abanenkinga yokuphefumula futhi abangakwazi ukuletha ukuphefumula okungenayo izinsana ezingakwazi ukuthatha ukondla ubisi.

Ngokwezinye izinhlelo zokuhlukanisa, i-NICU yezinga le-3 iyinani eliphezulu kakhulu lokunakekelwa kwezingane. Ngaphansi kwalezi zigaba, i-NICU yezinga le-3 inganikeza izinga elifanayo lokunakekelwa njengezinga le-NICU engezansi.

Okuningi

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I-NICU ye-Level 4

I-NICU yezinga le-4 inganikeza umoya ophezulu wokuvama uma kudingeka. Isithombe sihlonipha uJerry Burdette

Ngezifunda kanye nezibhedlela ezisebenzisa lolu hlu, i- NICU yezinga le-4 iyinithi yokunakekelwa okujulile engakwazi ukunakekela izingane ezisencane kumaviki angu-22 kuya kwangu-24 ubudala. Igama elithi " izandulela ezincane " lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza izingane ezizalwa phakathi kwamaviki angu-22 no-26 wokubeletha noma ezincane kunama-ola angu-1 ayi-13.

Amazinga we-NICU angama-4 anganikeza izinhlobo ezinzulu kakhulu zokusekela ukuphefumula kwezinsana ezigula kakhulu, kuhlanganise ne-oxygenation ye-mechanical extracorporeal noma i-ECMO. Banikeza nokuhlinzekwa okuhlukahlukene kokuhlinzekwa kwezingane ezibandakanya ukuhlinzwa kwezinhliziyo ezinganeni ezizalwa ngesifo senhliziyo esiswini.

Okuningi

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Ukubhekana Nengane Yakho I-Hospitalized ku-NICU

Kukhona izinto ezimbalwa ezingesabisa kakhulu kunokubhekana nomntwana oye wabanjwa esibhedlela ku-NICU. Abazali abaningi banomuzwa wokuthi bazokwenza noma yini ukuze bashintshe izindawo nomntanakho futhi bamenzele lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho. Kodwa kunezinto eziningi ongayenza ukuze usize kokubili wena nomntanakho ukuthi ubhekane nakho ngangokunokwenzeka ngalesi sikhathi.

Funda okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka mayelana nemigomo kanye nezinqubo ze-NICU kanye nezinhlobo zezibheki ezisetshenzisiwe . Kunamagama amaningi kanye nenqwaba yezinqubo ezenzekayo. Ukuqonda amanye alawa kungasusa okwesaba futhi kukusize uzizwe unamandla kakhulu ohambweni lwakho.

Ukubambisana nomntanakho kunoma yikuphi, uma kungabalulekile, kunokuthi umntwana ophelele noma umntwana ozelwe ngaphandle kwezinkinga zezokwelapha. Ngokujabulisayo, abasebenzi be-NICU baqeqeshiwe futhi bayazi kahle ukubaluleka kokubambisana nentuthuko yengane yakho futhi bazosebenza nawe ngezindlela eziningi. Ezinye zalezi zindlela, ezifana ne-kangarooing (isikhumba esilaphayo ukukhumba nomntanakho) zingase zibonakale zingaphandle kuwe, kodwa kwenziwa ucwaningo oluningi ukuze uthole izindlela ezingcono zokuxhumana uthando nokusekelwa kula bantwana okufanele bachithe isikhathi izingalo zabazali babo nasesitokisini.

Abazali abaningi bathola izinqubo eziqinile neziqondiso ku-NICU okwesabisa kakhulu, futhi kungaba usizo ukuqaphela ukuthi le mikhuba eqinile iyadingeka ukuze inikeze ukunakekelwa okungcono kwalaba bantu abancane ababuthaka futhi bangagula masinyane uma bevezwa ezincane ezincane .

Umbuzo abazali abaningi abawubuza ngesikhathi esithi, " Ngingayithatha nini ingane yami ekhaya kusuka ku-NICU? " Impendulo izohluka kuzo zonke izingane, kodwa izimo ezimbalwa ngokuvamile zidinga ukuhlangana ngaphambi kokukhipha. Lokhu kufaka:

Ikhono lomntwana lokugcina izinga lokushisa kwakhe.
Ikhono lomntwana lokudla kahle ngomlomo (nakuba ezinye izingane zingaya ekhaya nge tube NG nobe G-tube.)
Ikhono lomntwana lokuphefumula ngaphandle kosizo (nakuba izinsana zingathunyelwa ekhaya nge-oxygen nge-canalula yangasese.)
Lapho ingane iphuma i-apnea ne-bradycardia i-spell (A no-B ichaza.)

Kukhona nezinyathelo eziningana zokukhishwa kwe-NICU okumelwe kufezwe, kufaka phakathi isikrini sokuzwa kanye nesifundo sokuhlala emotweni.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokubhekana nengane lapho usenesikhathi sokubeletha .

> Imithombo

> Baia, I., Amorim, M., Silva, S. et al. Ukubeletha Izinsana Ezisengcupheni Yokuqala Nokucindezeleka Ezinyunithi Zokunakekelwa Okunakekelwa Neonatal. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwabantu Ekuqaleni . 2016. 101: 3-9.
> Bapat, R., McClead, R., Shepherd, E., Ryshen, G., noT. Bartman. Izinselelo, Impumelelo, namathuba okunciphisa ukufundwa kwamabhuku kwi-NICU yezingane ezibhekiswe kuzo. Journal of Medicine Neonatal and Perinatal . 201. 9 (4): 433-440.
> Horbar, J., Edwards, E., Greenberg, L. et al. Ukushintsha kokusebenza kweMinyango Yokunakekelwa Okunakekelwa Neonatal e-United States. I-JAMA Pediatrics . 2017. 171 (3): e164396.
> Kliegman, uRobert M., uBonita Stanton, uSt Geme III uJoseph W., uNine Felice. Schor, uRichard E. Behrman, noWaldo E. Nelson. UNelson Bookbook of Pediatrics. I-20th Edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2015. Phrinta.

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