Abantu bebelokhu bezama ukukhulula izidingo zomuthi wokugoma uma nje imishanguzo ivikela abantu ezifweni ezivimbela umgomo. Namhlanje, ukukhululwa komuthi kutholakala ezinhlokweni ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- Ukuxoshwa Kwezokwelapha-kuhlanganisa ukucindezeleka okunzima kumuthi wokugoma noma izingxenye zomuthi wokugoma, izifo zokuzivikela komzimba
- Ukuxoshwa Kwezenkolo-ngokusekelwe ezinkambweni zenkolo ehleliwe evimbela ukugoma amalungu ayo
- I-Philosophical Exemption-nayo ibizwa ngokuthi ukukhululwa komuntu siqu
Nakuba imishanguzo iyadingeka ukuba ibe khona ezikoleni eziningi e-United States, ngezikhulu ezingenhla, izingane eziningi ziya ngaphandle kokugonywa noma zigonywe ngokugcwele.
Futhi-ke, abazali bangakhetha njalo ukungathumeli izingane zabo esikoleni. Izingane ezifundiswa ekhaya ngokuvamile akudingeki zihlangabezane nezidingo ezifanayo zokugoma njengezingane eziya ezikoleni zomphakathi noma ezizimele.
Ukuqhuma Kwamuva Emiphakathini Yezenkolo
Ukuqhamuka kwamanje kwezifo ezivimbela ukugoma kuphumele imiphakathi yenkolo eNyakatho Melika. Ukuqubukana eminyakeni edlule kufaka:
- Okungenani izimo ezingu-158 zesimungumungwane eQuebec ekuqhameni okwaqala ekuqaleni lapho amalungu angagciniwe eqembu lomphakathi elwa nomgomo e-eugenics ethatha uhambo oluya eDisneyland
- Okungenani izimo ezingu-320 zesimungumane eBrithani Columbia eziye zahlanganiswa neqembu lenkolo elibizwa ngokuthi iBandla LaseNetherlands YaseReformed
- Abantu abangaba ngu-16 eTexas abanesimungumzimba abaxhunywe ne-Eagle Mountain International Church, echazwa ngokuthi "umuthi wokugoma" kanye "nomgomo wokulahla" futhi okuyingxenye kaKenneth Copeland Ministries
- Okungenani abantu abangu-58 emiphakathini yama-Orthodox yamaJuda eBorough Park naseWilliamsburg, eBrooklyn eyasungula imilenze-ukuqhuma okukhulu kunazo zonke e-United States kusukela ukusakazwa okuvamile kwesimungumzimba kwaqedwa
- Abantu abangaba ngu-21 eNorth Carolina neyisimungumungwane ezixhunywe nasePrabhupada Village, umphakathi wase Hare Hare
- Okungenani ama-2,499 amacala eDutch okuthiwa "ibhande leBhayibheli" elinesimo esisodwa esisodwa se-measle encephalitis nokufa okulodwa (intombazane eneminyaka engu-17 ubudala)
Ayikho yalezi zinkolo ezivimbela amalungu awo ukuba athole igciwane. I-Eagle Mountain International Church yaze yaba nemitholampilo emincane yokugoma esontweni labo ngesikhathi isifo sesimungumungqungquthela isuka.
Ukukhululwa Kwezenkolo Emitholampilo
Nakuba abanye abantu bezinkolo zenhlangano kanye nenqamu yokugoma, ngokuvamile bafuna ukukholelwa ekukholweni kwabo siqu hhayi ukukhululwa kweqiniso kwezenkolo.
Phakathi kwezinkolo ezimbalwa ezinokuphikisana ngokuphelele nemigomo zihlanganisa:
- Amasonto athembele ekuphulukiseni ukukholwa okuhlanganisa amasonto amancane angamaKrestu akholwa ekukholweni ekuphulukisweni kokwelashwa, njengeSonto le-First Born, i-End Time Ministries, uMhlangano weKholo, iThempeli leThempeli, i-First Century Gospel Church, njll.
- IQala Lokuqala likaKristu, uSosayensi-Christian Sosayensi bakholelwa ekuphulukiseni ngomthandazo futhi bacabanga ukuthi imithi ayidingi
Ngaphandle kwaMisissippi naseWest Virginia, amalunga alawa masonto nabanye abantu abanezinkolelo zenkolo ngokumelene nokugonywa bangakwazi ukukhululwa izidingo zokugoma ezikoleni.
Nakuba kunezinkolo ezimbalwa ezinokuphikisana ngokuphelele nemithi yokugoma, kunezinkampani eziningi ezingaphezulu kwezinye izinkolo eziphikisana nokuthola izingane zabo kanye nabo ngokwabo zigonywe, okusiza ukuchaza ezinye zezifo ezikhungethwe ukugoma ezichazwe ngenhla.
Lezi ezinye izinkolo zihlanganisa:
- Amanye ama-Amish
- Amanye amasonto aseReformed Dutch
- Abanye baseSulumane basisekelo
Akukho ukuphikisana okuphelele kumigomo ngaphakathi kwalezi zithethe zamasiko, noma kunjalo. Ngisho naphakathi kwamasonto aseDutch Reformed, kukhona i-subset echaza imishanguzo "njengesipho esivela kuNkulunkulu okufanele sisetshenziswe ngokubonga" futhi izinga lokugoma kule mizi liye lakhula.
Emaqenjini amaningi enkolo, ukubuka kwabo okuvimbela ukugoma akuzona njalo ngenkolo noma kunjalo. Kwababantu abathile bamaSulumane, isibonelo, ukuphikisana nokugonywa kwepholio e-Afghanistan, eNigeria nasePakistan sekuhlangene kakhulu nezindinganiso zezenhlalakahle nezombusazwe, kunokuba kube nezindaba zenkolo. Abanye baye bakholelwa ukuthi umzamo wokugoma i-polio wawuwumqambi wokugcoba amaSulumane endaweni. Ngeshwa, lawa amazwe lapho isifo sofuba sisakhona.
Ukuxoshwa Kwezenkolo Ngokumelene Nezifo Zokuphepha Ukwesaba
Ngisho noma zihlangene esontweni noma eqenjini lezenkolo, eziningi zezimbangela zokungafuni kwabo ukugonywa zihlobene nokukhathazeka ngokuphepha kwegciwane ezibavimbela ukugwema imigomo-hhayi imfundiso yenkolo yangempela.
Ngesikhathi amaJuda angama-Orthodox amaHasidic ayengaphakathi kwe-measle enkulu e-New York, isibonelo, amanye amaJuda angamaHasidi angama-Orthodox eNew York agonyelwe ngokugcwele futhi abanye baye bahlanganyela ngisho nasezivivinyweni zokugonywa kwe-Mumps ne-hepatitis A.
Ngakho esikhundleni sokukhululwa kweqiniso kwezenkolo, lezi ziba yizizathu eziningi zokukhululwa komuntu siqu. Inkinga enkulu ukuthi la maqembu abantu abangagciniwe ahlangene ndawonye esontweni kanye neminye imisebenzi, okusiza ukuveza ukuqubuka okukhulu kwezifo ezivimbela ukugoma.
Lesi simo asivamile. Ngaphezu kokuqhamuka kwesishukela esichazwe ngenhla, kukhona:
- Ukuqhuma kwe- rubella eYurophu, lapho amacala angu-387 e-rubella ayenzeka khona emphakathini ongokwenkolo ongabonakali eNetherlands, lapho abesifazane abangu-29 bathola i-rubella ngenkathi bekhulelwe okungenani abesifazane abathathu babenabantwana abane-rubella syndrome yokubeletha kanye nokukhulelwa okunye kwaphela ekufeni kwe-intrauterine
- Kwakukhona ukuqhuma okuningi kwepholio phakathi kwemiphakathi yama-Amish, okwakamuva okwenzeka ngo-2005, ukutheleleka amalungu amane emphakathini wama-Amish e-Minnesota
- Kube nezimo eziningana zezifo ze-Hib, kuhlanganise nomuntu oneminyaka engu-7 ongakaze avulekele owafa eNigeria ngo-2008 kanti okungenani abantwana abathathu abangenakuvulwa noma abangenakuqhathaniswa ePennsylvania abafa ngo-2009
Enye inkinga ukuthi amanye alawa masonto enza umsebenzi wokushumayela ngaphandle kwezilwandle ezindaweni lapho eziningi zezifo ezivimbela ukugoma zihlala zivame kakhulu. Isisebenzi esingagciniwe singaya kwelinye lala mazwe, sibambe isisulu noma i-pertussis, njll, bese ubuyela ekhaya futhi siphethe amalungu omndeni kanye nabanye abantu ebandleni labo lesonto eliphikisana nomuthi wokugoma, omncane kakhulu ongagonywa, noma obani ube nokuphikisana kwezokwelapha ukuze uthole igciwane.
Okudingeka Ukwazi Ngenkolo Nemigomo
Ucwaningo olulodwa lwezifo ezivimbela ukugonywa phakathi kwezinhlangano zenkolo lithole ukuthi "ngenkathi isonto liyisixhumanisi esivamile phakathi kwamacala, kwakungekho iseluleko esisemthethweni ngokuphathelene nokugoma esontweni ngaphambi kokuqubuka. Esikhundleni salokho, ukwenqaba ukugoma kubanjwe inhlanganisela yenkolo yomuntu siqu izinkolelo nokukhathazeka kokuphepha phakathi kwesigceme samalungu esonto. "
Izinkolo eziningi azihlinzeki ngezeluleko eziphathelene nokugoma. Kunalokho, izinkolo eziningi zinezikhundla ezicacile zokusekela ukugoma kufaka:
- AmaKatolika- Nakuba abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi amaKatolika aphikisana neminye imithi, iSonto LamaKatolika ngokusobala liyi-pro-vaccine. Ngisho nemithi eyenziwa ngabazali abathile, ikakhulukazi leyo ye-hepatitis A, i-rubella, ne-varicella, ehlongozwayo emangqamuzaneni ayesuka ekuthomeni kwezingane, iSonto lifundisa ukuthi "uma kungekho eminye imithi ephephile, esebenzayo, ivumelekile ukusebenzisa lezi mishanguzo uma ingozi empilweni yezingane ikhona noma impilo yabantu bonke. "
- OFakazi BakaJehova- Nakuba oFakazi BakaJehova bebenokuphikisana ngaphambili nemigomo, okwakuvinjelwe ngaphambili kuleli qembu, ngo-1952 bathi ukugoma "akubonakali kithi ukuthi siyaphula isivumelwano esiphakade esenziwa noNowa, njengoba sihlelwe kuGenesise 9: 4, noma ngokuphambene nomyalo kaNkulunkulu ohlobene noLevitikusi 17: 10-14. "
- AmaJuda -Confusion asekhona phakathi kwabanye abantu ngenxa yokuthi iminye imithi iqukethe izingxenye ze-porcine (izingulube) kanye ne-gelatin components, kumele kube ngokumelene nemithetho yokudla yamaJuda ukuze amalungu ayo agonywe. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwemigomo "kukwahlulelwa ngokusekelwe emibhalweni yomthetho wezokwelapha oqukethe amakhodic halachic" ngakho-ke kukhuthazwa.
- AmaSulumane - Ngaphandle kwezindawo lapho isifo sofuba sisekhona khona, imam eziningana nabanye abaholi bamaSulumane bakhipha izitatimende ezicacile namafutha asho ukuthi ukugoma kungavumelani nemigomo yamaSulumane.
- AmaHindu -Akunye kwamagatsha amane amakhulu amaHindu aphikisana nemigomo namazwe amaningi amaHindu, kuhlanganise neNepal naseNdiya, anezinga eliphezulu lokugoma.
Yize izifo eziningi ezivimbela ukugoma zikhona phakathi kwezinhlangano zenkolo, izinkolo ezimbalwa empeleni ziphikisa imishanguzo. Esikhundleni salokho, iningi likhuthaza amalungu abo ukuba agonywe futhi avimbele ukulimala kwezifo ezivimbela umgomo.
Imithombo:
I-Connors, uDan. Iqiniso ngeZigciwane: Impendulo kubagxeka bethu. I-Digest yamaKatolika. May 5, 2010.
Furton, Edward J. Imithi Evela Ekukhipha Isisu. I-Ethics & Medics, Umqulu 24, Inombolo 3.
Grabenstein, John D. Yiziphi izinkolo zezwe ezifundisayo, ezisetshenziselwa umuthi wokugoma kanye ne-immune globulins. Umgomo. 31 (2013) 2011-2023.
UKennedy Allison M. Ukuqubuka kwezidakamizwa ezihlobene nebandla lesonto: ukutadisha ukuziphatha kwezigungu zamalungu ebandla. Imibiko Yempilo Yomphakathi. 2008; 123 (2): 126-34.
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Inkomfa kaZwelonke yeziNyunyana zoMbuso. Amazwe ngamaKhristu aKwaZulu-Natali kanye nokuXoshwa kweziNhlelo eziKhwameni zokuGoma. Kubuyekezwe i-Disemba 2012.
I-Salmon DA.Imiphumela yezenhlalakahle zokukhululwa kwezenkolo nezamafilosofi emithethweni yokugoma: ingozi yomuntu ngamunye kanye nomphakathi weyisimungulu. I-JAMA 1999; 281 (2): 47-53.