Iyini i-Late Preterm Infant?
Izinsana zangaphambi kwesikhathi - izinsana ezizalwa phakathi kwamasonto angu-34 no-37 ukubeletha - zibukeka njengezinguqulo ezincane zezingane eziphelele. Kwase kuphele isikhathi eside, abantwana bezingane zakuqala babephathwa njengezingane ezihlala isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ngokucacile ukuthi lezi zingane azifani nezinsana zesikhathi esigcwele nokuthi zinesidingo esiyingqayizivele sezidingo nezinselele.
Izingane ezizalwa eduze nesikhathi, empeleni, izitha.
Ngisho nangemva kwamasonto angu-37 ukubeletha, izinsana ezigcwele zesikhathi esigcwele zingase zibe nezinkinga ezifanayo njengezinsana zokubeletha zakudala. Ingozi yezinkinga zempilo ngenxa yokungabi nesikhathi sokuqala iqala ukwehla cishe amasonto angu-37 kodwa ayizinyathelo ngokuphelele kuze kube sekupheleni kwamasonto angu-39.
Ukukhathazeka Kwezempilo Ngokushesha
Emahoreni emva kokubeletha, izinsana zibhekana nezinselelo eziningana njengoba zivumelanisa nokuphila ngaphandle kwesibeletho. Umoya ophuthumayo, ukufudumala, nokujwayela umhlaba wonke kuwumsebenzi onzima! Nakuba izinsana eziningi zokubeletha zakudala zilungiswa kahle, ezinye zinezinkinga. Ngisho nezinsana zokubeletha eziseduze ezizalwa ngamama enempilo ezingenayo izinkinga zingase zibhekane:
- Izinkinga zokuphefumula: Izinkinga zokuphefumula zenzeka ngo-4.2% wezibeletho zangaphambi kwesikhathi sokubeletha, kodwa kuphela u-0.1% wokubeletha isikhathi esigcwele. Izinkinga zokuphefumula zingaba mnene noma ezinzima futhi zingabandakanya ukucindezeleka kwesifo sokuphefumula, i-tachypnea yesikhashana yengane esanda kuzalwa, i-pulmonary hypertension, nesidingo sokusekela ukuphefumula .
- I-Hypoglycemia: Ngenkathi kuphela abantwana abangu-0.4% abanesifo sikashukela ephansi emahoreni emva kokubeletha, ama-6.8% wezingane ezisenesikhathi sokubeletha yi-hypoglycemic emva kokubeletha. Izingane ezizalwa zakuqala azizange zigcine ushukela oluningi njengezingane eziphelele, futhi zibe yi-hypoglycemic kalula uma zibandayo noma zigxilile.
- Ukushisa okuncane okungalungile: Izinsana zokubeletha azinawo amafutha amaningi agcinwe njengezingane ezisenesikhathi, futhi zibandayo kalula. Izinsana ezinamazinyo zishisa ama-khalori amaningi ukuze uzame ukufudumala, okwenza ukuthi i-hypoglycemia ibe yimbi futhi ilulaze inzuzo yesisindo.
Ukukhathazeka Emasontweni Okuqala
Ngisho nangemva kokuzalwa kwezinsana zangaphambi kwesikhathi sokuqala ukulungiswa kokuphila ngaphandle kwesibeletho, basabhekene nezinselele. Lezi zinselele ziholela ezingeni eliphezulu lokufunda esibhedlela ngasekupheleni kwezinsana zokubeletha ezikhishwa zingakapheli amahora angu-48 zokuzalwa. Abazali nodokotela abanakekela izingane abanakekela izingane ezisenesikhathi sokubeletha kudingeka baqaphele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zingane ezinamahloni zihlala ziphilile ngemuva kokuya ekhaya.
- I-jaundice: Nakuba kuphela ama-2.5% wezingane eziphelele zesikhathi esigcwele ane- jaundice engathà sina ngokwanele ukuze adinge ukuphathwa kwe-phototherapy, 18% wezingane ezisenesikhathi sokubeletha zinezinhlungu ze-jaundice ezimbi kangangokuba kufanele ziphathwe.
- Izinselelo zokudla: Izinsana zangaphambi kwesikhathi ziyakhathala kalula futhi zingase zingabi namandla okwanele ukuba ziphuze ubisi lwebele olwanele noma ifomula ukuze zithole isisindo. Lokhu kungabangela ukungcola noma ukwehluleka ukukhula. Ukwehluleka ukubeletha kungenye ingozi: Amama omama abangabelisi ngempumelelo angase angabisi ubisi okwanele ukondla izingane zabo.
- I-Sepsis: Ngenxa yokuthi amasosha omzimba awakhulumi ngokugcwele, izinsana ezisenesikhathi sokubeletha zinengozi enkulu yokutheleleka kunezingane ezisenesikhathi. Kungenzeka ukuthi banomsebenzi wegazi okhethwe ukuhlola ukutheleleka futhi kungenzeka ukuthi badinga ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotic.
Ukukhathazeka Okuqhubekayo
Iningi lezinkinga ezibhekene nezinsana zangaphambi kokubeletha ziyaziwa ukuthi zithinta ukuthuthukiswa kobuchopho.
Ngeshwa, ukucwaninga okuningi kwemiphumela yesikhathi eside ye-neurodevelopmental ezinsana ezingakafiki sekugxile ezinganeni ezelwe ngaphambi kwamasonto angama-34. Siyazi ukuthi izingane ezisenesikhathi sokubeletha zisengcupheni yokuphuza ukuthuthukiswa, kanti kuphinde kwenziwe ucwaningo ukuze ubone ukuthi izingane zakuqala ziqala kanjani esikoleni njengoba zikhula. Noma kunjalo, ngokunakekelwa okuhle, iningi lalezi zingane cishe lizokwenza kahle.
Darcy, A. MSN, RN. "Izinkinga ze-Early Preterm Infant." I Journal of Nursing Perinatal & Neonatal January / March 2009. 23; 78-86.
Melamed, N. MD, Klinger, G. MD, Tenebaurm-Gavish, K. MD, Herscovici, T. MD, Linder, N., Hod, M. MD, Yogev, Y. MD. "Umphumela wesikhathi esifushane we-Neonatal e-Low-Risk, okungajwayelekile, i-Singleton, i-Preter Preterm Deliveries." I-Obstetrics & Gynecology August 2009. 114; 253-260.