Igama elithi micro preemie ngokuvamile libhekisela emntwaneni osengaphambi kwesikhathi ongaphansi kuka-800 amagremu (1 amakhilogremu angu-12) noma amasonto angama-26 ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Kodwa-ke, kuye ngezimo, ingane engaphansi kwamakhilogremu angu-1500 noma owazalwa ngamasonto angaphansi kuka-29 ukubeletha kungase kubekwe njengesimo se-micro preemie.
Inani lezithayamthetho ezincane ezizalwa minyaka yonke lilinganiselwe, kodwa ama-micro-pre-50,000 ezelwe minyaka yonke e-United States anesidingo esikhulu sokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.
Ukusinda kungabuka ngamaphesenti angu-10 kuya ku-80%. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izandulela zempi ezincane zisekhona namuhla kunanini ngaphambili ngenxa yentuthuko kolwazi lwezokwelapha nobuchwepheshe obungabanakekela.
Izinga lokusinda ezinkundleni zempi ezincane libikwa ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yobudala, nakuba kungekho amacala amabili afanayo:
- Amaviki angu-22 ukubeletha: Cishe ngo-10% wezinsana zisinda
- Amasonto angama-23 ukubeletha: Cishe 1/2 yezinsana zisinda
- Amaviki angu-24 ukubeletha: Mayelana no-2/3 kwezinsana zisinda
- Amaviki angu-25 ukubeletha: Cishe 3/4 kwezinsana zisinda
Izinkinga zezempilo ze-Micro Preemie
Izitha zempi ezincane zibhekene nezinkinga zezempilo ezibhekiswe ku-unit neonatal yokunakekelwa okukhulu (NICU). Ngokuvamile, ingane izalwa ekuqaleni, ingozi enkulu yezinkinga futhi ihlala isikhathi eside ku-NICU. Ezinye izinkinga zezempilo ezincane zezilwane ebusweni zihlanganisa:
- I-Hyperbilirubinemia : Amazinga aphezulu we- bilirubin , isakhi esivela ekuphukeni kwemvelo kwegazi, okwenza i-jaundice. I-jaundice ingabangela ukulimala kobuchopho uma ingaphathwa kahle ngokusebenzisa ukukhanya okukhethekile okusiza umzimba ukuba uqede i-bilirubin.
- I-Apnea: Ukuyeka ukuphefumula okubangela ukwehla kwenhliziyo.
- I-anemia: Inombolo engaphansi kwejwayelekile yamangqamuzana egazi abomvu, okudingekayo ukuthwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni.
- Ukucindezeleka Kwegazi: Isixazululo esivamile esingase sibe ngenxa yokutheleleka, ukulahlekelwa igazi, ukulahlekelwa komzimba, noma imithi ephathwe ngaphambi kokubeletha.
- Ukucindezeleka Ukuphefumula Syndrome : Kunzima ukuphefumula ngenxa yamapayipi amancane angakhuli okwanele okweqile, into evumela amaphaphu ukuba athulise kahle.
- I-Dysplasia ye-Bronchopulmonary: Inkinga evamile yamaphaphu phakathi kwezinsana ezingakazalwa, ikakhulukazi izandulela ezincane, ngokuvamile ziphathwa ngempumelelo ngemithi kanye ne-oxygen.
- Ukutheleleka: Zonke izinsana ezingakafiki, ikakhulukazi izandulela ezincane, zingenakuzivikela, okusho ukuthi azikwazi ukulwa namagciwane angabangela ukugula okukhulu.
- I-Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Kulezi zandulela ezincane, i- ductus arteriosus (isitsha esincane segazi esixhuma isitsha esikhulu segazi esinikezela amaphaphu aorta) kaningi sihlala sivulekile ezinganeni ezingakabiphi. Ngenxa yalesi sivalo esingavamile, igazi elingaphezu kwegazi lingagijima emaphashini, kubangela ubunzima bokuphefumula futhi kwezinye izimo ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo.
- Ukwehla kabusha kwe-Prematurity: Ukukhula okungavamile kwemithambo yegazi esweni lomntwana kungabangela umonakalo kusuka ekunene kuya kobukhulu (ukuphuphuthekisa).
Nakuba zonke izandulela zempi ezincane zingaphuthuki kakhulu lapho zizalwa futhi zidinga ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo, iningi likhula ngaphandle kwemiphumela yesikhathi eside yokuqeda isimo .