Ukuthi umntwana uthola kanjani ukudla okunomsoco ku-NICU kuzoxhomeka ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokubeletha ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, iminyaka yobudala yokugaya, kanye nempilo yabo yezokwelapha, isimo, nokuzinza.
Izingane ezingakazalwa zizalwa emva kwamasonto angu-33 ukubeletha kungase kulungele ukuqala ukondla ngunsipho phakathi nendaba yezinsuku ngenkathi abantwana abazalwa ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi bangase babe nohambo oluthile baze baqale ukuthuthukisa lo msebenzi.
Nakuba ingane engakafiki isikhathi ingakwazi ukuncelisa i-pacifier futhi ingabonisa izimpawu zokulamba, ngokuvamile ayinalo ikhono lokuxhumanisa ukuncelisa, ukugwinya nokuphefumula kuze kufike amasonto angaba ngu-33-34 ukubeletha.
E-utero, amathumbu omntwana akhiwa ngokugcwele ngamasonto angu-20 ukubeletha, kodwa imisebenzi ebalulekile yamathumbu ayiqhubeki kuze kube sekupheleni kwamasonto angu-28 kuya kwangu-30. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-peristalsis (ukuphazamiseka kwamathumbu ukuhambisa ukudla ngabo.) Kanye nokuba khona kwamanye ama-enzyme okugaya kakhulu okusiza ukudiliza ukudla nokugaya.
I-preemie yakho ingase ingakulungeli ukuphuza emlonyeni okwamanje, kodwa ukubeka izakhi emgodleni wokugaya ingane yakho kuzosiza ukuyivuselela ukuze ikhule futhi ikhule ngokushesha. Ezinsukwini zakuqala zohambo lwakho lwe-NICU, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ama-trophic feeds futhi ungakuzwa ubizwa ngokuthi "ukuthobisa ama-gut." Lezi zondlo ezincane zinikezwa ku-preemie yakho futhi zanda kancane ngezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala ngenkathi iqembu le-NICU Uhlala unake indlela ingane yakho ibekezelela ngayo lokhu okuphakelayo.
Kuncike ekukhuleni kwengane yakho nentuthuko, ukuthuthukiswa komsoco komntwana wakho ngeNICU kungase kube nalokhu okulandelayo:
Ingqikithi Yokudla Komzali
Eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-TPN, leli fomu lokudla okunomsoco liyelela uhlelo lokugaya ingane futhi luye ngqo emgodleni wegazi ngokusebenzisa umvuthwandaba (IV noma umugqa ophakathi nendawo efana ne-velilical vein or line PICC).
Leli fomu lokudla linikezwa ingane yakho ngendlela efanayo ingane yakho eyondliwe esibelethweni. Umntanakho wathola zonke izakhi ezivela kuwe ngokusebenzisa i-placenta, ngqo emzimbeni wegazi. I-NICU izama ukulinganisa le nqubo efanayo ngokuthi "idle" amaseli wengane yakho ngokusebenzisa igazi ngaphandle kwesigcawu sokugaya.
I-TPN iqukethe ushukela, amavithamini, amaminerali, izakhi zokulandelela, usawoti, ama-amino acids, kanye ne-lipids (amafutha) futhi unayo yonke ukudla kanye nama-kilojoule umntwana wakho adinga ukuze aphile futhi akhule. Izingane ezingakazalwa zinganikezwa i-TPN izinsuku ezimbalwa noma ngisho namasonto ambalwa ngemva kokuzalwa. Njengoba ukondliwa kwengane yakho ekunyuseni, inani le-TPN lizokwehlisa kuze kube yilapho uhlelo lwakho lokugaya ingane lukwazi ukwamukela ubisi ngokugcwele njengendlela yabo kuphela yokudla okunomsoco.
I-Gavage noma i-Tube Feedings
Umntanakho udla ubisi nge-tube, noma emlonyeni noma ekhaleni eliya ngqo esiswini. Ungase uzwe ithubhu ebizwa nge-NG noma i-OG tube. NG noma i-nasogastric (impumulo kuya kwesisu) noma i-orogastric (umlomo kuya kwesisu). Izingane zivame ukondliwa ngokusebenzisa ithubhu ngenkathi indlela yabo yokugaya ikhula, ngenkathi isebenza ngokudla okugcwele kwevolumu, noma ngenkathi isethatha ubisi nge-ingono.
Ukudla kwe-Nipple
Ingane yakho ingase ilungele ukuqala ukusebenza kulokhu okubaluleke kakhulu lapho:
- Ingane yakho ifinyelele ukuphela kwamasonto angu-33-34. (Ngamaviki angama-32 ukuya ku-nuzzle esifubeni)
- Umntanakho ubonisa izimpawu zokulambela nokulamba njengokuncelisa ngamandla kwi-pacifier futhi uphapheme futhi uqaphele ngesikhathi sokudla.
- Izimpawu ezibalulekile zomntanakho zizinzile.
- Ingane yakho ithola isisindo ku-gavage feedings.
- Ingane yakho ivaliwe ukwesekwa kokuphefumula.
- Isimo sempilo yengane yakho sinzinzile.
Ithimba lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lomntanakho lingabhekisela kuleli fomu lokudla ngokuthi "ukugxila" - noma ukuhlengikaza kusuka ebileni noma ukuphuza ebhodleleni.
- Ukunceliswa kwesifuba sokuqala : Izinsana zangaphambi kokuqala ziqala ukuqhuba ubuhlengikazi ngokuphazamiseka esifubeni. Ingane yakho ingathatha ambalwa amancane bese imisa okwesikhashana noma ingase ilale ngokushesha. Lokhu kulungile futhi kuvamile kakhulu. Vumela ingane yakho ukuba ihlale eduze nawe, iphunga ubisi lwakho, futhi uzwe ukufudumala kwesikhumba sakho. Ukubamba ingane yakho eduze ngenkathi usondliwa ngokusebenzisa ithubhu kuyosiza ukudala isipiliyoni esihle sokunakekela ingane yakho.
- Ukudla kokuqala kwebhodlela : Izinsana zangaphambi kokuqala ezondla ngebhodlela ngokuvamile azikwazi ukuqedela ivolumu yazo okokuqala. Kuthatha amandla amaningi futhi imizamo yokuqala ekudleni ingasusa ingane yakho ngokushesha. Kubalulekile ukugcina iso lokubuka kwengane yakho nokukhuluma komzimba.
Umntanakho ubonisa iziphakamiso zokudla okuhle lapho:
- Umntanakho uphapheme futhi uqaphele.
- Ingane yakho inezwi elihle le-muscle.
- Umntanakho uvula umlomo uma izindebe zihlushwa nge-pacifier, umunwe wakho, noma ingono.
Uma ingane yakho ivulela ingono , qaphela ukuthi ingane yakho idla kanjani. Ingabe ingane yakho ihlanganyela ngokushushumbisa? Ingabe ingane yakho ikwazi ukuxhumanisa ukuncelisa, ukugwinya nokuphefumula? Uma ingane yakho iqala ukulala, ibamba ubisi emlonyeni wayo, ikhumule, noma ibonisa izimpawu zokungahlehlisi njengokubangela ukuphefumula, ukwehlisa izinga lenhliziyo, noma isikhathi sokumisa oksijini, sekuyisikhathi sokuyeka. Lezi zonke izikhombo ukuthi ingane yakho iningi kakhulu futhi ilungele ukuphumula. Vumela ingane yakho manje ukuthi ilulame.
Ama-calories nezakhi zomzimba zibalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwengane yakho futhi uma ingane yakho ikhathele kakhulu ukuba ungadli, kungenzeka ukuthi uvutha amakholori amaningi ezama ukuqeda ibhodlela kunokuba ingane yakho ithole ngempela ubisi. Khumbula, ukudla kufanele kube okuhlangenwe nakho okuhle, futhi ubeka isiteji sokudla komntwana wakho esikhathini esizayo.
Ukondla kuyinkqubo, futhi kuthatha isikhathi. Kuyimbangela yokuthuthukiswa. Cabanga ngakho njengokuhamba. Ungabamba isandla sengane yakho, uthenge amathoyizi omshini bese ucoqa ingane yakho ukuba uthathe izinyathelo zokuqala, kodwa baze bazimisele ngokuthuthuka, ngeke bakwenze. Kufana nokudla ingane engakafiki. Kungesikhathi sabo. Uma ingane yakho ikulungele ukuthuthukiswa, bayokukhombisa, futhi uzokwazi.
Ithimba lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lezingane yakho lizokusiza ukukusiza kulokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kokuqala nokubalulekile okuphakelayo. Bayokukhombisa ukuthi yikuphi okufaneleka kakhulu ukubamba ingane yakho, ukuthi ungabamba kanjani ibhodlela bese ubheka ingono, nokuthi ungayithuthukisa kanjani futhi uthuthukise ingane yakho ukuze udale isipiliyoni esihle nesondlo.
Ukondla ingane yakho kungaphezu kokuncelisa. Kuyithuba lokuxhumana nokukhulisa ingane yakho. Kufanele kube nesipiliyoni esihle futhi esisebenzayo. Ukuhlanganyela ngokuhlanganyela ezikhathini zakho zokudla kwangaphambi kokuqala kuzokusiza ufunde ukufunda nokuphendula ulimi olukhethekile lomntwana wakho namagama.
Ukubandakanyeka ngokuzithandela ekudleni kwengane yakho ngeke nje kukuzwe uzizwe ukhululekile futhi ujabulise, kodwa kuzovumela ukuthi ube nesipiliyoni esihle kumntanakho njengoba bezwa umhlaba wabo ngokusebenzisa ukunambitheka, ukuthinta, iphunga, ukubona nokuzwakala.
Ukuphuza, ukuncelisa nokugwinya ngesikhathi esifanayo kuwumsebenzi onzima wokubeletha izingane, besebenzisa amandla amaningi okugcina. Ngenxa yalokhu, ingane yakho idinga ukuba ugxile kulo lonke ulwazi lwakho lokudla ukuze ingane yakho igxile ekudleni ngaphandle kokwengeza iziphazamiso ezingase zinciphise noma zishaye ingane yakho. Ukukhuluma, ukucula noma ukugubha ingane yakho ngenkathi ukondla kungadlulela futhi kungabangela ukuba ingane yakho igweme ukukhathala. Ingane yakho ingase isuke noma isuse ingono, igwebe, igwebe, igxume, noma ilale. Yeka ukondla ingane yakho uma ikubonisa lezi zici zokucindezeleka. Nika ingane yakho ikhefu.
Ukwazi ulimi olukhethekile lomntwana wakho namasignali ngeke kukusize uzizwe ukhululekile futhi uqiniseka kodwa kuzosiza ingane yakho ukuba iphumelele ngokwengeziwe ngokudla.
Ukondla umthamo kubalulekile, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina okuhlangenwe nakho okuhle, ukuqhubekela phambili phambili ekufinyeleleni umgomo ekuhambeni kwakho ingane ikhululekile. Ubeka isiteji ngemikhuba yokudla yengane yakho yesikhathi esizayo. Khumbula ukudla kumele kube mnandi ingane yakho.
Izinto ongase ukwazi ukuzenza ngomntanakho ukudala isipiliyoni esihle nesondlo sokudla:
- Yibamba ingane yakho ngesikhathi sokudla, ngisho ne-tube feedings.
- Nikeza ingane yakho i-pacifier. Lokhu kuzokusiza ingane yakho ihlobanise ukusondla ngokudla.
- Izinzwa ezithandekayo emlonyeni ngokudla ngokusiza ingane yakho ihlangane nokudla ngenjabulo nokwethemba.
- Vumela ingane yakho iphunga futhi ithole ubisi lwakho. Beka ihlombe elincane ku-pacifier noma ubeke indwangu ngephunga lakho emshini womntwana wakho.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi usethe isiteji sokufunda okunesondlo kwengane yakho. Ungenza lokhu ngokuthola isikhala esilula, esithule. Ukunciphisa lesi sikhathi sokuxhumana ukuze wena nomntanakho nje nizosiza ingane yakho ikhululekile, okuqukethwe futhi ihlelwe.
- Uma ingane yakho ithola ukondla nge-tube, kungase kube yithuba elihle lokuba nesinye isikhumba isikhumba noma isikhashana sokunakekelwa kwe-Kangaroo nomntanakho. Ukuhlanganisa iphunga lakho kanye nokuzwakala kwenhliziyo yakho ngokudla kuyakusiza futhi ukwakha isisekelo sokuhlangenwe nakho okuhle kokudla.
Ukondla Izinkinga
Izingane ezingakazalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwamasonto angama-26, abesebenzisa umoya wokuphefumula noma ukuphefumula isikhathi eside futhi banesifo esingenasifo samaphaphu, noma abaye bahamba nohambo oluyinkimbinkimbi, bangase babe nesikhathi esinzima okuqhubekayo ekudleni ngomlomo . Imishini yezokwelapha kanye nempahla efana ne-tubenti ye-ventilator, ukulandwa, amateyipu nama-tubes ebusweni kungadala ukuzwa okungekho emthethweni kwabanye abantwana. Ngenxa yalezi zinkinga zezokwelapha ezinye izingane zingenqaba ukunceliswa kwezinsipho noma zingahlehlisi kahle ngokudla kwazo. Ingane yakho ingase isebenze nomeluleki wenkulumo ngokusebenzisa uhambo lokudla ukuze kusize ukudala isipiliyoni esihle futhi usize ingane yakho ifeze le nkimbinkimbi.
Imithombo:
Ibuyiswe kusuka ku-http: //www.pediatrix.com/workfiles/medicalaffairs/C1_Caring%20for%20your%20baby_feeding.pdf
Ukudla nokudla: Imisebenzi yezempilo yeMeriter. (nd). Ibuyiswa kusuka ku-http: //www.meriter.com/services/newborn-intensive-care-unit/common-neonatal-problems/feeding-and- nutrition
I-Rockford Health System - Umhlahlandlela Womzali we-NICU - Ukudla Nokudla. (nd). Ibuyiswe kusuka ku-http: //www.rockfordhealthsystem.org/nicu-parents-guide-feeding-and- nutrition
I-SPIN (Ukusekela Ukudla Okusana Ngaphambi Kwezingane), i-NICU, izitha zangaphambili, ukuncelisa, ukupompa, uhlelo lwezempilo lwe-UC San Diego. (nd). Ibuyiselwe kusuka ku- http://health.ucsd.edu/specialties/obgyn/maternity/newborn/nicu/spin/Pages/default.aspx