Ukukhulelwa kuletha imibuzo eminingi, kufaka phakathi ukuthi (futhi ngokushesha) ungakwazi ukunquma ubulili bomntwana wakho. Kunezindlela eziningi ezisetshenziselwa ukunquma ubulili bomntwana, okunye okuthembekile kunabanye. Ukusebenzisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo njengendlela yokunquma ubulili bomntwana kusekelwe enkulumweni, naphezu kokukholelwa ukuthi ukusebenza iminyaka eminingi.
Ukubona Isilinganiso senhliziyo yengane yakho
Indlela evamile kakhulu yokulalela ukushaya kwenhliziyo ye-fetal inesandla esiphethwe i-Doppler .
Le divayisi yokulalela isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-ultrasound, amagagasi omsindo, ukukhipha umsindo wezinhliziyo zomntanakho ngokusebenzisa isikhulumi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi wena nalabo abakanye nawe bangakwazi ukuzwa izinsimbi ze-galloping zenhliziyo yomntanakho. I-Doppler ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukusukela kwamasonto ayishumi kuya kwayishumi nambili-kuze kube sekuqaliseni umsebenzi. Ingasetshenziswa futhi emisebenzini njengendlela yokuqapha ingane .
Noma kunjalo, inhliziyo yengane yakho izoqala ukushaya phakathi kweviki lesihlanu nelesithupha lokukhulelwa. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo kwengane ngalesi sikhathi ingena nge-ultrasound. Le ultrasound ingaba yi-ultrasound yangasese noma i-ultrasound yesifo sangasese, kuye ngokuthi unyaka wokukhulelwa, ukuma komzimba wakho, inani lamanoni angaphansi kwesikhumba, nendawo yesikhumba. Uma ungeke uzwe ukushaya kwenhliziyo, kunezizathu ezivamile ukuthi kungani, akuzona zonke ukukhulelwa kwesisu.
Ukushaya kwenhliziyo yokuqala kwakungabonakali, kodwa njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-ultrasound ku-trimester yokuqala buye ngcono sakwazi ukubona okwengeziwe ngokukhulelwa nengane ngaphambili.
Ngokuvamile, ungabona amaphikseli ambalwa e-flickering esikrinini se-ultrasound phakathi kwamasonto ayisithupha namasonto ayisikhombisa.
Kuleli qophelo, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yengane yakho livame ukuhamba kancane kunalokho kuzoba ngamaviki azayo. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi usukhulelwe amasonto ayisishiyagalombili kuya kweyishumi, inhliziyo yengane yakho izobe ishaya ukushaya okungu-170 kuya ku-200 ngomzuzu (bpm).
Lokhu kuzokwehlisa kancane kancane kubanga lokushaya kwenhliziyo eliphakathi kwe-120 kuya ku-160 bpm phakathi nengxenye ephakathi kokukhulelwa kuze kube sekupheleni.
Qaphela ukuthi izinga lezinhliziyo lishintsha kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila. Uma ingane yakho ihamba, izinga lenhliziyo yakhe likhuphuka, njengoba nje nenhliziyo yakho yenza ngokunyakaza. Ngakho-ke, asibheki ukushintsha kwenhliziyo yengane yakho, kodwa kunalokho isilinganiso sakhe senhliziyo yokuphumula esiphezulu.
Umehluko Phakathi Kwabafana Nezingane
Ingabe lezi zinhla zokushaya kwenhliziyo zihlukile phakathi kwabafana namantombazane esibelethweni? Impendulo emifushane yalo mbuzo cha, ayikho umehluko enhliziyweni yomfana nentombazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Azikho izindlela ezaziwayo zokutshela ubulili bomntwana wakho ngokususelwa ngesilinganiso senhliziyo kuphela.
Lokhu kuyiqiniso kuwo wonke amaphuzu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Akunandaba ukuthi usebenzisa i-ultrasound noma isilonda senhliziyo ye-fetal-ayikho ukulungiswa phakathi kobulili bomntwana kanye nesilinganiso senhliziyo yesisu esivamile . Izifundo eziningi ezifaka umbuzo esivivinyeni azitholanga ukulungiswa.
Inganekwane Yengane Yenganekwane Yayiqala Kanjani?
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kusukela ekuqaleni kwesikhathi, sizame ukunquma ubulili ngaphambi kokuzalwa ngokulandela ukulingana kwabesifazane abakhulelwe bese sibheka ubulili bezingane ezizalwa.
Yilapho izinguqulo eziningi zezinhlamvu ziqalisiwe futhi zanda. Ngenkathi la ma-akhawunti we-folklore engekelwe eqinisweni futhi angabambeli ezincwadini zesayensi, kuneziningi zazo. Yonke into yokusebenzisa isendlovu yokusebenzisa ishadi lasendulo lobuShayina lobulili isetshenzisiwe.
Ngenkathi kungekho impendulo eqondile mayelana nokuthi inganekwane yenhliziyo iqalephi, umlando omncane ungasisiza ekusinikeni izinkomba ezithile. Ukuqala, isifundo saseBrithani esenziwa ngo-1998 sithi "Kukhona umbono obala kodwa ophutha phakathi kwabantu ababala ukuthi kukhona umehluko esilinganisweni senhliziyo yengane yomntwana phakathi kwamantombazane abesilisa nabesifazane." Ososayensi abaqhuba lolu cwaningo bacabanga ngokucacile ukuthi lo mbono uvela emculweni, kodwa ukuskena kwezincwadi zezokwelapha eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu edlule kubonisa okunye.
Isibonelo, isifundo esifanayo esenziwe eminyakeni eyishumi nesishiyagalombili ngaphambili sisho "ukucabangela" ukuthi ubulili bomntwana lungaboniswa ngesilinganiso senhliziyo ye-fetal, okubonisa ukuthi lo mqondo usuvele uqoqe ezinye izibalo ngaphakathi komphakathi wezokwelapha ngokwayo ngaleso sikhathi. Eqinisweni, okubhekisela kulokho kungatholakala ezweni zesayensi kusukela ngo-1969.
Abasebenzi kanye nokulethwa kwezihlengikazi bazophinde banikeze i-nugget yolwazi futhi bangatshela iziguli ezisebenzayo ukuthi izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo lentombazane laliyintombazane futhi izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo elisencane liwumfana. Basekelwe kulokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo bodwa futhi bekungekho isayensi ngalokho abakushoyo. Yini ebeka inkolelo yenhliziyo yengane ye-fetal ukuthi izwakala sengathi ingase isekelwe eqinisweni yezokwelapha futhi yaqhutshelwa phambili ngabahlengikazi abanezincazelo ezinhle abangenalo isayensi ukuze baphakamise ukucabanga kwabo.
Indlela Yomntwana Wakho Yenzelwe Kanjani?
Njengombono wokubheka ukuhlukana kwezakhi zofuzo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ubulili bomntwana wakho bunqunywe nokuthi kanjani. Ingane yakho ithola isethi ye-DNA evela kumama noyise. Owesifazane, oneminyaka engu-XX, angakwazi ukufaka i-X kuphela kwi-DNA yengane. Indoda i-XY futhi ingafaka i-X noma i-Y. Lokhu kunqunywa ngokushesha nje lapho amaqanda nesidoda behlangana, kodwa ukubonakala kwangaphandle kwengane ngeke kubonise izitho zangasese zangaphandle kuze kube yilapho kuqale ukuqala kwesithathu.
Indlela ukuvivinya kwe-Genetic kudlala ngayo ekunqumeni kocansi
Isifiso esizwakalayo akuyona njalo isizathu abazali abafuna ukwazi uma benomfana noma intombazane. Kwezinye izimo, uma umndeni une-genetic disorder disorder, ukuthola ubulili bengane kunganciphisa ukwesaba komndeni noma kubatshele ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga ukuthi ingane yabo idinga usizo.
Njengoba isayensi igcwalise ukuhlolwa kofuzo ngendlela ye- amniocentesis kanye nesampuli ye - chorionic villus (i-CVS) , abazali bakwazi ukwazi ubulili bomntwana wabo futhi banomqondo ongcono weengozi yezimo zofuzo. Inkinga yukuthi lezi zivivinyo ziyaphazamiseka, okusho ukuthi zingase zisongele impilo enganeni. Ngenxa yalokho, zigcinelwe imindeni enengozi enkulu yokuhlukunyezwa kwezakhi zofuzo.
Qaphela ukuthi nakuba lezi zivivinyo ziyindlela enokwethenjelwa yokuzimisela ngokocansi, ngokungafani nenkolelo yenkolelo yenhliziyo ye-fetal, ayenziwanga nje ukuthola ubulili bomntwana. Lelo lwazi ibhonasi.
Izindlela Eziningi Ezithembekile Zokufunda Ubulili Bengane Yakho
I-Ultrasound
Nakuba izinga lenhliziyo lilinganisela nge-ultrasound alinokwethenjelwa ekunqumeni ubulili bomntwana ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, i- ultrasound ephakathi nendawo yokukhulelwa njengendlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ukuthi imindeni ithola ubulili bomntwana wayo.
Esikhundleni sokugxila izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, i-ultrasound isetshenziselwa ukubuka impilo yomntwana nengane yomzimba. Ngokuqinisekile, ama-genitalia angaphandle awela kuleso sigaba. Ama-ultrasound ayenziwa esikhathini esilandelayo se-trimester yokuqala nakwe-trimester yesibili yangaphambili. Ngisho nangaphambi kokuthi izitho zangasese zangaphandle zabafana namantombazane zihluke kakhulu, kunezindlela eziqondile zokutshela ngocansi wengane ngokusekelwe kumaphuzu okuhlaselwa ngokocansi kanye nezinye izinkomba. Futhi nakuba i-ultrasound iyisayensi ephilile, phawula ukuthi kungenziwa amaphutha .
Kubuye kube nokubukeka okukhulu kakhulu ekunqumeni abafana bamantombazane nge-ultrasound phakathi kwamasonto ayisithupha neshumi besebenzisa ukubekwa kwe-placenta. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi i- Ramzi Method futhi nakuba inayo isayensi ngemuva kwayo, okwamanje ayamukelwa njengokwenziwa kahle. Akunikezwa emahhovisi amaningi odokotela futhi kubhekwa "okunconyayo" ezindleleni zendabuko zokunquma ubulili bomntwana wakho.
I-Cell Free DNA
Eminyakeni yamuva, ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA okungenalutho, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-NIPT , engekho engavumelekile yokuhlola ngaphambi kokubeletha , sekuye kwaba nenembile kakhulu ekubikezeleni ubulili bomsana ngaphandle kwezinkinga zezivivinyo zangaphambi kokubeletha. Lezi zivivinyo zisebenzisa i-serum yomama, igazi likamama, ukufuna i-DNA yesisu egazini.
Lezi zivivinyo, ngenkathi zingenabungozi ngokomzimba emntwaneni, zivame ukumbozwa ngumshuwalense futhi zidinga ukukhokhelwa ngaphandle kwephaketheni. Zakhiwe futhi ukuba zibe yindlela yokuhlola izimpikiswano zezakhi zofuzo futhi ikhono lokuthola ubulili bomntwana ibhonasi eyengeziwe esikhundleni sokugxila okuyinhloko kwalezi zivivinyo.
Kukhona inombolo yalezi zivivinyo, njengeHarmony no-MaterniT21 Plus, etholakalayo. Udokotela noma umbelethisi wakho angakunikeza ulwazi mayelana nokuthi yikuphi ukuhlolwa okungakufanele wena nokuthi yini okudingayo ukuze ukhulelwe. Okunye futhi, ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA okungenaselula kuyi-screening, kuyilapho i-amniocentesis ne-CVS zixilongwa. Ukuhlola ukuhlola kusho ukuthi usengozini enkulu yenkinga, hhayi ukuthi ingane yakho inenkinga yokuzalwa.
Izwi elivela ku-Verywell
Ukuthola ukuthi unentombazane noma umfana kuyinto ejabulisayo kakhulu yokukhulelwa, kodwa qaphela ukuthi ungawuthathi ngezindlela zezinyolo zokunquma ubulili bomntanakho. Inganekwane ye-fetal heart rate ingenye yazo, ngaphandle kwesisekelo sesayensi.
Sebenzisa izindlela ezinokwethenjelwa, njenge-ultrasound, ukukusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi ngabe ulindele intombazane noma umfana. Udokotela noma umbelethisi wakho angakusiza ukuthi uhlole ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlolwa okuzokusiza ukuba uhlole ubulili bomntwana ophetheyo ekuqaleni kokubeletha okungenzeka, ngezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokunemba, usebenzisa ukuhlolwa okukufanele kakhulu kuwe futhi ingane yakho.
> Imithombo:
> Bracero LA, et al. Izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo lentombazane lokuqala lokuqala njengokwenza ubulili obusanda kuzalwa. I-Matern Fetal Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016 Mar; 29 (5): 803-6. doi: 10.3109 / 14767058.2015.1019457. Epub 2015 Mar 10.
> Doubilet PM, uBenson CB. Inhliziyo ye-embryonic ekuqaleni kwe-trimester yokuqala: yiyiphi isilinganiso evamile? J Ultrasound Med. 1995 Jun; 14 (6): 431-4.
> McKenna D, Ventolini G, Neiger R, Downing C. Ukuhlukana okuhlobene nesini sobulili ebangeni lokushaya kwenhliziyo ngesikhathi sokuqala kwe-trimester. I-Fetal Diagn Ther. 2006; 21 (1): 144-7.
> Umhlangano weKomidi Lokushicilelwa Kwemithi Yomama Yomama. # 36: Ukuhlolwa kokubeletha ngaphambi kokubeletha usebenzisa i-DNA engenalutho. Journal American of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2015; 212: 711.
> Stamatopoulos N, et al. Ukuqagela kokungenwa kwamathuba okukhulelwa komzimba kwabafazi abanikeza ukukhulelwa okukhulayo ekuqaleni kokukhipha ukukhulelwa kokuqala. I-Aust NZJ I-Obstet Gynaecol. 2015 Oct; 55 (5): 464-72. i-doi: 10.1111 / ajo.12395. Epub 2015 Aug 21.