Ungathola ukutheleleka kwe-salmonella (salmonellosis) ngokudla, izilwane ezifuywayo, noma ukuchayeka emanzini omuntu noma wezilwane. Izingane, asebekhulile, nabantu abanesisindo somzimba esibuthakathaka basengozini kakhulu. Funda ngezimbangela ezivamile kanye nezici eziyingozi ukuze uvimbele lo mthombo wokudla ubuthi kanye nesifo sohudo.
Izimbangela ezivamile
Ukutheleleka kwe-Salmonella kubangelwa ama-bacteria e- Salmonella , ehlala emathanjeni emathunjini abantu kanye nezilwane futhi asakazwa ngendwangu.
Ngenkathi la ma-bacterium engenakwenza isilwane sigule, singagula abantu. Umuntu otheleleke nge-salmonella angasakaza kwabanye abantu ngendwangu.
I-salmonella ye-Nontyphoidal iholela ekutheleleni kwesifo se-salmonella gastroenteritis. Izinhlobo ze-typhoid ziveza umkhuhlane we-typhoid, ongavamile e-US kodwa ungabonakala emazweni asathuthuka. I-serotypes eningana ehlukene (noma ukuhluka okuhlukile) kwala mabhaktheriya ngokuvamile kuvame ukuvuthwa nezifo.
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko i-salmonella isakazwa: ngokudla okungcolile namanzi nokuxhumana nezilwane ezithwala amabhaktheriya.
Ukutheleleka kwe-Salmonella yokudla
Ama-bacterium e-Salmonella asekhona emthonjeni wezilwane eziningi, kufaka phakathi inyama yenkomo, izinkukhu, nenhlanzi, futhi ngokuvamile ingcola inyama, ubisi noma amaqanda. Uma kwenzeka amaqanda, amabhaktheriya angaba khona ngaphakathi kwegobolondo kanye nangaphandle. Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi ama-Fecal noma ukungcola kokuhamba ngesikhathi sokucubungula noma ukulungiselela ukudla kungaholela ekusakazeni amabhaktheriya emifino, izithelo, izilwane zasolwandle, izinongo, nokudla okusetshenziselwe.
Ukupheka kuzokubulala ama-bacteria, yingakho izinsimbi zokushisa zisetshenziswa lapho izinkukhu zokupheka. Ukunciphisa ubisi namanzi abilayo nakho kubulala amabhaktheriya.
Xhumana Nezilwane
Ungadalulwa ku-salmonella yizilwane zasemapulazini nezilwane ezifuywayo. Uma usebenza noma uvakashela ipulazi noma ugcine izilwane zasemapulazini, ungathintana nama-bacteria njengoba ehlambalaza izibopho, ubumnandi, izimpaphe, namanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Lezi zilwane zingabonakala zihlanzekile futhi ziphilile futhi zithumela amabhaktheriya. Izilwane ezaziwa ukuthi zisakaze i-salmonella zihlanganisa izinkukhu, izimbuzi, izinkomo, izimvu nezingulube. Ngenkathi ungase ucabange ukuthi izinkukhu zasemuva zingase zibe umthombo wamabhaktheriya, Isikhungo Sokulawula Izifo (CDC) sabika amacala angaphezulu kuka-790 we-salmonella asakazeka ngaleyo ndlela engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2017. Ngokuqhathaniswa, ukuqubukana okungu-53 kuphela kwaqinisekiswa kusukela ngo-1990 kuya ku-2014. Imikhuba yokulima ehambisana ne-salmonellosis ingozi ihlanganisa:
- Ukuhluleka ukuqoqa amaqanda okungenani nsuku zonke, ikakhulukazi esimweni esishisayo
- Akufriji amaqanda ngemuva kokuqoqwa
- Ungabuki izandla emva kokuthinta noma ukuhlanza inkukhu
- Ukubamba noma ukufaka inkukhu
- Ukuhluleka ukuhlukanisa izinkukhu ezibonakalayo ezigulayo
- Ukutshala izivande ngemifino esisha, engahlanjululwa engangcolisa izitshalo
Izilwane ezifuywayo nazo ziwumthombo we-salmonella. Izimpethu ezinjenge-iguana, izilonda, nama-turtles zivame ukuba nezibhakede ze-salmonella esikhumbeni sabo sangaphandle noma igobolondo. Izingulube nezinye izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezine-salmonella azizona ezigula futhi azikho izimpawu. Izinyoni ezifuywayo ezifana nama-parakeets nama-parrots, amakholomu afana ne-hamsters ne-Guinea, ingulube yama-amphibiya afana namaxoxo nama-hedgehogs, izinja, amakati kanye namahhashi angaba yimithombo.
Ngaphandle kokuthinta isilwane, ungathatha ama-bacterium emkhombeni, amanzi amathangi, ukulala, ukudla, noma amathoyizi.
Ukuphatha izilwane zasendle kungadlulisela amabhaktheriya. Amavolumu angamahhala ayekade ecatshangwa ukuthi ayingozi kakhulu, kodwa manje sekuyaziwa ukuthi izinhlanzi zasendle zingase zithwale i-salmonella, noma zingazithola uma uzenza isilwane. Ezinye izilwane ongase uziphathe zihlanganisa amaxoxo asendle, izinhlanzi, amagundane, izinja nezinyoni.
Xhumana Nabantu
Abantu abanokutheleleka kwe-salmonella bayophala ama-bacteria emanzini abo. Labo abaye banesifo sohudo akufanele babuyele ekunakekeleni izingane, esikoleni, noma emsebenzini kuze kufike amahora angu-24.
Uma bephethe ukudla njengengxenye yomsebenzi wabo, akufanele babuyele emsebenzini kuze kuphele amahora angu-48 ngaphandle kwempawu. Kwezinye izindawo, abaphathi bokudla abakwazi ukubuyela emsebenzini kuze kuvivinywe kubonisa ukuthi abanakho amabhaktheriya. Ngisho nangemva kokuba sebezizwa kahle, abanye abantu bayaqhubeka bephethe amabhaktheriya bese bewachitha. Zingahlambalaza indawo futhi zisakaze amagciwane ngesandla uma zingasuki kahle emva kokusebenzisa indawo yokugezela.
Amaqembu Weengozi
Amancane amabhaktheriya angeke akhiphe ukutheleleka kwe-salmonella. Kodwa-ke, izinsana, abantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-5 ubudala, abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, nalabo abanamasosha omzimba akhungethwe amathuba amaningi okuthola ukutheleleka kwe-salmonella ngemuva kokuvezwa. Izimo kanye nemithi eqondile eyenza ukutheleleka ekukhulelweni kwe-salmonella kuhlanganisa i-AIDS, isifo se-sickle cell, i-malaria, i-corticosteroids, kanye nemithi yokulwa nokulahla.
Abantu abathwala ama-antacids basengozi enkulu njengoba amabhaktheriya amaningi angenayo aphile ukuze afike emanzini. Labo abanezifo zesifo sofuba basengozini ngenxa yokulimala emithini yamathumbu emathunjini. Ungase ube semngciphekweni ophezulu ngemuva kokuthatha ama-antibiotics njengoba ama-bacteria ayenobungane abulawe, eshiya indawo leyo ivulekile i-salmonella.
Izindlela Zengozi Yokuphila
Kunezinto eziningi ezandisa ingozi yokuthola noma ukusabalalisa i-salmonella. Nazi imikhuba nemikhuba yokugwema:
- Ukuhluleka ukugeza izandla zakho emva kokusebenzisa indlu yokuphumula, ukudida, noma ukunakekela umuntu ogulayo
- Ukuhluleka ukugeza izandla zakho ngaphambi nangemva kokulungiselela ukudla nangemva kokuphatha inyama eluhlaza noma amaqanda
- Ukuphatha noma ukusika inyama eluhlaza noma amaqanda bese usebenzisa ummese, ibhodi yokusika, isitsha, noma ezinye izinto zezinye izinto zokudla ezifana nemifino noma izithelo
- Ukusebenzisa inyama engcolile noma inyama eluhlaza, amaqanda, noma imikhiqizo yobisi engahlosiwe
- Ungagcini izithelo nemifino esisha ngaphambi kokuwadla
Amantombazane ama-Amphibians, ama-Reptiles kanye namaKhola aphilayo
Ama-Amphibians, izilwane ezihuquzelayo nezinkukhu eziphilayo ziphethe izingozi ezinkulu njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Lezi zihlanganisa izingulube, izilonda, amaxoxo, nezinkukhu. Lezi zilwane akufanele zigcinwe ekhaya lapho kunezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5, abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, noma abantu abanezinkinga zesistimu yomzimba. Lezi zilwane ezifuywayo akufanele futhi zigcinwe ezikhungweni ezikhonza lezi zigaba, ezifana nokunakekelwa kwansuku zonke, izibhedlela, izikhungo eziphezulu noma izindawo zokuhlengikaza ezinamakhono. Abantu kula maqembu angabungozi akufanele bathinte lezi zilwane, futhi kufanele bagweme amanzi aphethwe yizilwane.
Zonke izingane kanye nabantu abadala kufanele bagweme ukudla noma ukuphuza izilwane ezifuywayo kuleli qembu. Awufanele futhi udle noma uphuze ekamelweni lapho isikhala sezilwane noma i-aquarium sitholakala khona noma lapho isilwane sivumelekile ukuba sihambe.
Zonke izilwane ezifuywayo
Lezi zinqubo zandisa ingozi yokuthola i-salmonella esilwaneni:
- Ukuvumela izilwane endaweni lapho ukudla nokuphuza kulungiselelwa khona, kudliwa noma kugcinwa
- Ukuhluleka ukugeza izandla emva kokuphatha noma ukuthinta isilwane, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokulungiselela noma ukudla ukudla
- Ukulahla amanzi okuhlanza endaweni yasemaphandleni endaweni yokudoba esetshenziselwa ukulungiselela ukudla
- Ukuvumela abantu abasengozini enkulu ye-salmonella ukuhlanza indawo yezilwane, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kokugqoka igilavu elilahlayo
- Ukusebenzisa umanyolo wezilwane ezingenakudliwa ukuze ukhule izitshalo noma imibhede yembali
> Imithombo:
> Salmonella. I-CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/
> I-Salmonella Infection. I-CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/healthypets/diseases/salmonella.html.
> I-Salmonella Infection. I-Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/salmonella/symptoms-causes/syc-20355329.
> Salmonella Imibuzo nezimpendulo. I-USDA Inkonzo Yokuphepha Yokudla Nokuhlolwa. https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food-safety-education/get-answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/foodfood-illness-and-disease/salmonella-questions- nezimpendulo.