Ukuba nomntwana yisikhathi esikhethekile ekuphileni komfazi. Yisikhathi sokuthola - kusukela ekufundeni konke ngobuntu bomntwana wakho omusha ukuze uhlole ukuthi ingane yakho ifuna yini nezidingo zakho. Omama abaningi abasha bazithola bethola indlela yokuncelisa. Phakathi kwakho konke lokhu injabulo, ukulawulwa kokubeletha kungaba yinto engcono kakhulu engqondweni yakho. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle uma ufisa ukungeza umzalwane noma udade owengeziwe emndenini izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye kusukela manje, kubalulekile ukuthi ungayinaki izidingo zakho zokulawula ukuzalwa.
Uma kuziwa ekunceliseni nokunakekelwa kokubeletha, umama omusha unezinketho eziningi zokwelapha ongakhetha kuzo. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungakholelwa inganekwane yokuthi awukwazi ukukhulelwa ngesikhathi uncelisa. Nakuba ukuncelisa ibele kungabhekwa njengendlela yokulawula ukubeletha, kunezimo ezithile okufanele zihlangane ukuze ziphumelele. Kubonakala sengathi abesifazane abaningi abacabangi ukuthi bavumile futhi baze bathole isikhathi sokuqala emva kokubeletha. Gcina ukhumbule ukuthi uzovota ngaphambi kokuthola isikhathi sakho. Uma unezocansi ezingavimbelwe ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwakho, ungaphinda ukhulelwe futhi. Yingakho ukusebenzisa isikhathi sakho njengesilathisi sokuzala akuwona umqondo omuhle. Uma usufunde zonke izinketho zokulawula ukubeletha ezitholakalayo zitholakalayo, ngaso sonke isikhathi umqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ukunquma ukuthi ubani ongakufanelekela kangcono.
Izinketho zokulawula ukubeletha zingena ezigabeni ezine: izindlela ze-progestin-kuphela ze-hormonal, izindlela ezingekho ze-hormonal, izindlela zemvelo nezindlela ezihlala njalo. Zonke izindlela zokulawula ukubeletha ezilandelayo zibhekwa njengephephile ukusebenzisa ngenkathi zibeletha:
Izindlela ZaseProgestin-Zodwa:
Izisu zokubeletha kuphela ze-Progestin zindlela zokuvimbela ukuzalwa kwezidakamizwa ezidinga udokotela odokotela. Yize i-progestin ingangena ekunikezeni ubisi lwakho, ngeke idale umonakalo kumntanakho noma ibangele ukukhiqiza ubisi. Lezi zindlela zibuye zisebenze kangcono kunezinye izindlela ezingekho ze-hormone.
Iphilisi elincane
Lena iphilisi yokulawula i-progesin kuphela. Ngokungafani nokunye okunye, amaphilisi okuhlanganiswa, i-pilisi encane ayiqukethe i-estrogen. Lawa maphilisi afika emphakathini wezinsuku ezingu-28, ngakho wonke amaphilisi ephaketheni ngalinye lamaviki angu-4 aqukethe i-progestin (ayikho amaphilisi we-placebo).
Okuningi
I-Nexplanon
Lokhu kwaziwa nangokuthi ukufakelwa kokukhulelwa. I-Nexplanon inguqulo entsha ye-Implanon njengoba umkhiqizi ethumela kancane kancane i-Implanon. Lesi sitshalo esincane, esenziwe nge-plastiki sifakwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba esandleni. Ihlala ikhulula umthamo ophansi we-progestin eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-3 futhi inikeza ukuvikelwa kokukhulelwa phakathi nalesi sikhathi sonke. I-Implanon noma i-Nexplanon nayo ingasuswa nanoma yisiphi isikhathi kule minyaka engu-3.
Okuningi
Depo Provera
Le ndlela yokulawula ukubeletha ingumjovo ohambisa kancane kancane i-progestin engxenyeni yakho yegazi esikhathini esingamaviki angu-11 kuya kwangu-14. Ngakho-ke, uvikelekile ekukhulelwe ngalesi sikhathi. Kubalulekile ukuthi uthola injini yakho elandelayo ehleliwe yeDepo Provera ngesikhatsi ukuphumelela ngeke kukhishwe.
Okuningi
I-Mirena noma i-Skyla
Lawa angama-IUD aphinde akhiphe inani elincane le-progestin ngaphezu kwesikhathi sesithathu seminyaka noma emihlanu. Kumele bafakwe futhi basuswe udokotela wakho. Zombili zisebenza kahle futhi zingathathwa nganoma isiphi isikhathi.
- I-Mirena
- I-Skyla
Izindlela ezingezona amaHormonal:
Ngaphandle kwalokho okuncane, lokhu okukhethwa kukho kokubeletha kokubeletha kuyatholakala ngaphezulu kwe-counter. Abaningi babhekwa njengendlela "yokuvimbela" ngoba basuke benza njengodonga oluvimbela isidoda ukuba lingakwazi ukufinyelela iqanda.
Amakhondomu Amadoda
Amakhondomu afika ezinhlobonhlobo, ubukhulu, kanye nezinto (ezifana ne-latex, polyurethane, ama-lambskin noma i-polyisoprene). Indoda isebenzisa ikhondomu ukuze igubungele ipeni ngaphambi, emva nangemva kokukhipha. Ngisho noma amanye amakhondomu efika ngaphambi kokugcoba, omama abathile abancancisayo bangase babe namazinga aphansi e-estrogen, okungabangela ukumelela kwesisu. Uma uthola ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwekhondomu kucasula ubulili bakho, ungakhetha ukwengeza ukufakela okunye okungeziwe (njenge-Astroglide noma i-Wet Naturals).
Okuningi
Ikondomu yabesifazane
Le ndlela yokulawula ukuzalwa iqukethe isikhwama esenziwe nge-polyurethane enezindandatho eziguquguqukayo ekupheleni kwawo konke. Iphethe isisu futhi ayivumeli isidoda ukuba singene emzimbeni wakho. Kungathatha umkhuba omncane ukufunda indlela yokufaka kahle ikhondomu yabesifazane kuze kube yilapho uzizwa ukhululekile ukusebenzisa eyodwa.
Okuningi
Spermicide
I-Spermicides ivela ngezindlela ezehlukene, kepha ngokuyinhloko isebenza ngendlela efanayo - i-spermicides ifakwe ngaphansi kwegciwane ngaphambi kwesondo; bazobe bencibilikisa noma babule ukuze benze umgoqo. Ngokuvamile ziqukethe i-nonoxynol-9, okuyi-spermicide eyenza i-immobiliza futhi / noma ibhubhise isibindi.
Okuningi
Namuhla i-Sponge
I siponji iyinhlangano ejikelezayo, i-foam ene-linlon ehlanganisiwe yokususwa. Ivimbela umlomo wesibeletho (ukuvulwa kwesibeletho), ngakho-ke insimu ayikwazi ukungena. Iphinde ikhiphe u-spermicide engavimbela isidoda ekubhukuda. Ukuba nokuqonda okuhle kwe-anatomy yakho, kanye nomkhuba othile, kungenza kube lula ngawe ukuthi ufunde ukuthi ungafaka kanjani isiponji.
Okuningi
I-Diaphragm
I-diaphragm (noma enye enye encane, i-cap yomlomo wesibeletho) iyisitsha sokuvimbela. Lezi azikwazi ukusetshenziselwa kuze kube sekuphele amasonto ayisithupha kusukela usubelethile. Kokubili i-diaphragm kanye nekhanda lomlomo wesibeletho kufanele futhi ifakwe udokotela wakho. Zifakwe emgodini bese zivimbela umlomo wesibeletho. Zombili zisetshenziselwa ukhilimu we-spermicidal ukuze idivayisi ivimbele isidoda bese ukhilimu iwuvimba.
Okuningi
I-ParaGard
Lena i-HUD ye-hormone mahhala. Ithusi ithambile eduze kwedivayisi futhi ifakwe udokotela wakho. I-ParaGard inikeza iminyaka eyishumi yokuvikelwa kokukhulelwa kodwa ingasuswa nganoma isiphi isikhathi ngaphambi kweminyaka eyishumi.
Okuningi
Izindlela zemvelo:
Eyaziwa nangokuthi izindlela zokuziphatha, lezi zindlela zokulawula ukubeletha azithandeki kunoma yimaphi amadivaysi noma amahomoni. Izindlela zemvelo ziqukethe ukuziphatha ongakwenza ngokwemvelo ukusiza ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa.
Ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo (Indlela ye-Lactational Amenorrhea)
Uma kwenziwa kahle, i-LAM ingahle ihlehlise ukuvuthwa kwezinyanga ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngemuva kokubeletha - ngakho uma kungenayo iqanda elikhishwayo, ayikho into yokuba isilisa ikhule. Ukubeletha okuqhubekayo kuphumelela ngoba i-hormone edala ukhiqizwa ubisi iphinde ivimbele ukukhululwa kwehomoni ekhombisa ukuvuthwa. A
Khumbula: Nokho, akufanele ukathembele kule ndlela izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha noma uma usuqede isikhathi sokubeletha. Futhi, i-LAM iphumelela kuphela uma uncelisa ingane yakho okungenani izikhathi ezingu-6 ngosuku namabele womabili futhi ungafani nokunye ukudla kokubisi lwebele. Kumele futhi uncelise ingane yakho yonke amahora angu-4 phakathi nosuku njalo njalo ngamahora angu-6 ebusuku.
Okuningi
UkuHlelwa Kwemvelo (NFP)
Izindlela ze-NFP zithembele ekuqapheliseni izinguquko ezihlukahlukene zomzimba ukucacisa ukuthi ukukhipha i-ovulation kwenzeka nini. Zifaka izindlela ezisuselwa kumpawu (njenge-Billings method) nezindlela ezisekelwe kwikhalenda (njengeNqubo Yezinsuku Ezijwayelekile). Nakuba kungekho mithetho ethi iNFP ayikwazi ukubhekwa njengokhetho lokubeletha ukubeletha, i-World Health Organization ixwayisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuqwashisa ukuzala kungase kungasebenzi kahle kubantu besifazane abancancisayo. Kunconywa ukuba ulinde ukuthembela kuzinketho ze-NFP uze uqalile ukuqaphela izimpawu zokuzala (njenge-mucus womlomo womlomo wesibeletho), unezikhathi ezimbalwa ze-post-partum, futhi usuqale ukufaka ubisi lwebele nokunye ukudla.
Okuningi
Izinketho Zaphakade:
Uma wazi ukuthi lo mntwana uyokugcina, ungahlala ucabangela izinketho ezingapheli njengoba ukhetho lokubeletha lokubeletha ngokubeletha. Khumbula, inzalo kufanele icatshangwe njengenomphela futhi ingabuyiselwa. Uma usenomuzwa wokuthi "i-hormonal" ngenkathi ubeletha noma uhlangabezana nanoma yikuphi ukucindezeleka kokuthunyelwa komzimba, ungase ufise ukuhlehlisa isinqumo sokufuna ukulawulwa kokuzalwa okungapheli kuze kube yindawo engokomzwelo lapho uzizwa unesiqiniseko ekwenzeni lokhu kukhetha.
Ukwenziwa komzimba wesifazane
Izindlela ezingapheli zabesifazane zihlanganisa izinqubo zendabuko, zokuhlinza izifo zethubhu - ngokuvamile zibhekwa njengezicubu zakho eziboshwe. Khumbula ukuthi i-tubal ligation idinga i-anesthesia, engadlulela ubisi lwakho lwesifuba futhi ingathinta ingane yakho (ngokuvamile ukugubha okungabangela ubunzima ngokuphakelayo).
Enye indlela enomphela ibizwa ngokuthi i-Essure. Lokhu kungenye indlela engeyona yokuhlinzekela ku-tubal ligation futhi ayidingi i-anesthesia. Zombili izindlela zisebenza ngokuvala uphawu noma ukuvimbela amashubhu okhokho. Ngale ndlela, amaqanda awakwazi ukuhambela esibelethweni kanye nesidoda asinakufaka ama-tubespian tubes ukuze afinyelele iqanda.
Okuningi
I-Vasectomy
Ukwenziwa komzimba wesilisa akunamthelela ekunceliseni ingane. Ngemuva kwe-vasectomy, umzimba womuntu usenza isitshalo, kodwa ngeke uqukathe noma isiphi isidoda. Amadoda angakhetha phakathi kwe-vasectomies yendabuko lapho kutholakala khona ukucubungula okuncane engxenyeni engenhla yesiprotum yomuntu noma i-vasectomy engekho-scalpel lapho udokotela ohlinzayo efaka khona isikhumba, ngakho-ke akukho okushiwo kwenziwa.
Imithombo:
Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Imithi Yokufaneleka Yokunakekelwa Kwezokwelapha zase-US zokusetshenziswa kokukhulelwa, ngo-2010 . Ukukhishwa kwe-MMWR ekuqaleni kuka-2010; 59 Meyi 28: 1-86.
Riordan, J. & Wambach, K. (2009). Ukuncelisa ukubeletha nokusebenzisana kwabantu . Sudbury, MA: Jones noBartlett.
Okuningi