Isivivinyo sesifundo ekuchazeni futhi senzeke iphutha lesintu
Abesifazane abaningi abakhulelwe bayoba nesiskena esisodwa esisodwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngokuvamile, i-OB / GYN izokhipha eyodwa phakathi kwe-trimester yesibili, ngokuvamile phakathi kwamasonto angu-16 kuya ku-20, ukuhlola isilinganiso somntwana neskrini kwanoma yiziphi izinkinga.
Ngenkathi ubuchwepheshe bamuva be-ultrasound bunganokwethenjelwa, ukuskena okubonisa uphawu olucacile akusho ukuthi konke kulungile.
Ngokufanayo, ukuskena okuphakamisa ifulegi elibomvu kungaba kuhle kakhulu ukuba i-alamu yamanga.
Njengazo zonke izivivinyo ze-imaging, imiphumela ye-ultrasound ingaphansi kokuchazwa futhi ijwayele iphutha lomuntu. Noma yikuphi ukuhlukumeza okungalungile kuyingozi ngoba kungabangela ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo okukhulu kwabazali futhi kuveze ingane nokukhulelwa ekungeneni okungadingekile.
Ukunemba Ekutholeni Izinkinga Zokuzalwa
Ukukhubazeka okweqile, kokubili okukhulu nezincane, kwenzeka cishe ezingamaphesenti amathathu kuwo wonke ukuzalwa. Kulezi, cishe ezintathu kuzo ezine zizobonakala nge-ultrasound. Kodwa ukunemba kwalezi zivivinyo, noma kunjalo, kuhlobene eduze nesiteji futhi uhlobo lokukhulelwa oluhilelekile.
Ngenxa yezizathu ezicacile, ama-second-trimester ultrasounds avame ukuba anembile ekutholeni ukungabonakali kwezingane ezingasetshenziswanga kunalokho okwenziwe phakathi no-trimester wokuqala. Uma kuthiwa, ama-first-trimester ultrasounds angase ahlinzeke ngolwazi oluningi mayelana nenkambo encane yokukhulelwa.
Ukubuyekezwa kwezifundo ezingu-2016 ezenziwa yiYunivesithi yase-Oxford nase-Université Paris Descartes baphetha ngokuthi ama-ultrasound zakuqala bakwazi ukuthola ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-fetal ezingxenyeni ezingamaphesenti angu-30 zokukhulelwa okuphansi futhi ezingamaphesenti angama-60 okukhulelwa kakhudlwana. Ngenkathi ukubhekwa okungeziwe kungabika i-akhawunti, ngokwengxenye, ngamazinga aphezulu kuleli qembu lokugcina, izinhlobo zeziphambeko nazo zazivame ukwedlulela kakhulu noma zibandakanya izinhlelo eziningi zomzimba.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezinye iziphambeko kulula kakhulu ukubona ezinye. Ngendlela yokuhlola, isifundo se-multi-center esiqondiswe iWashington University School of Medicine eSt. Louis sabika ukuthi izinga lokuthola kahle lezinkinga ezilandelayo:
- Ukuqina okuhlangene nokukhubazeka (arthrogryposis): amaphesenti angu-81.3
- Amaphutha okugcina amancane: amaphesenti angu-76
- Ukukhubazeka kwesandla: amaphesenti angu-76
- Iminwe eyengeziwe (polydactyly): amaphesenti angu-19.1
Ngenkathi kwenziwa umzamo omkhulu wokuthuthukisa ukucaciswa kwe-imaging yama-ultrasound, imininingwane egciniwe ingahle ilahleke. Uma owesifazane ekhululekile noma ekhulelwe ngokuphindaphindiwe, ukucaca kwe-ultrasound kungase kube nokunciphisa.
Nakuba i-ultrasound ebonisa ukuthi ayikho izimpawu zenkathazo nakanjani into enhle, akuyona isiqiniseko esiqondile ukuthi ingane yakho izozalwa ngaphandle kokukhathazeka kwezempilo. Ekugcineni, ikhono lochwepheshe bezolimo lidlala indima enkulu ekunembile kwe-ultrasound. Uma ungakabazi mayelana nekhono lochwepheshe, ungangabazi ukucela i-OB / GYN yakho noma i- perinatologist yezobuchwepheshe ukuba abe khona ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.
Ukuxilongwa Okungamanga Kwezifo Zokuzalwa
Ehlangothini lwe-flip, ama-ultrasound awakwazi ukwehluleka uma kuziwa ekwenzeni ukuxilongwa kahle kwephutha lokuzalwa. Kwezinye izimo, imiphumela ye-imaging ingase ihluleke (ihlukumeziwe) noma ingabi nhlobo.
Ucwaningo olulodwa lwesiFulentshi olwenziwe ngo-2014 lubike ukuthi amaphesenti angu-8,8 weziphambeko zokubeletha ezithathwe yi-ultrasound ayengalungile ngokuphelele (amanga amanga) nokuthi amaphesenti angu-9,2 ayengalungile. Lesi silinganiso siboniswe kwezinye izifundo kanye nama-akhawunti ukuthi kungani ama-ultrasound engalokothi asetshenziswe yodwa lapho ehlonza.
(Ngalokho kuthiwa, ukukhubazeka okukhulu kwakungeke kwenzeke ukuthi kutholakale kabi uma kuqhathaniswa nezincane.)
Kwezinye izimo, i-ultrasound ingabangela ukukhathazeka ngenkinga kepha hhayi ukunikeza ulwazi olwanele ukwenza ukuxilongwa okucacile. Isibonelo esisodwa lapho i- Down syndrome imangelwa.
Uma ukuhlolwa kwe-sonographic kubonisa ukuthi kukhona i-defect, i- amniocentesis yesibili ingavame ukuqinisekisa i-chromosomal anomaly enezinga eliphezulu lokunemba.
> Imithombo:
> Debost-Legrand, A .; U-Laurichesse-Delmas, uH .; Francannet, C. et al. "Ukuxilongwa kwamanga okungokoqobo kwe-morphologic ku-scan anomaly: inkinga yangaphakathi noma yangempela, isifundo seqembu esisekelwe kubantu." Ukukhulelwa kwe-BMC nokubeletha. 2014; 14: 112. I-DOI: 10.1186 / 1471-2393-14-112.
> Dicke, J .; I-Piper, iS .; noGoldfarb, C. "Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ultrasound ukutholakala okungavamile kwezitho zangasese-umlando oneminyaka engu-20 ongashadile." Drenat Diagn . 2015; 35 (4): 348-53. I-DOI: 10.1002 / pd.4546.
> Karim, J .; URoberts, uN .; USolomoni, uL. et al. "Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kokuhlolwa kwe-Ultra Trialster Ultrasound ekutholeni ama-Anomalies nezakhiwo eziphathelene nokufisa okuthinta ukusebenza kokuhlola." I-Ultra Obstet Gyn . 2016; 50 (4): 429-41. I-DOI: 10.1002 / uog.17246.