Okubalulekile kokuthola ukukhulelwa
Kungenzeka ukuthi uma ucabanga mayelana nokukhulelwa, ucabanga ukuthi wena nomlingani wakho ninqume ukuthi isikhathi sanele umntwana. Khona-ke, uyeka ukusebenzisa indlela yakho yamanje yokulawulwa kokuzalwa, uhlanganyele embusweni wokuzijabulisa othakazelisayo, futhi ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa aphuma embhedeni ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa komzimba. Ngokuqinisekile, lokhu kwenzeka kwabanye abantu, kodwa kungaba okungaphezu kwalokho lokho kwabanye.
Into ebalulekile okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi kufanele uhlele ukuthi kuzokuthatha cishe unyaka owodwa wezocansi eziphelelwe isikhathi ukuze ukhulelwe . Ezinye imibhangqwana izokhulelwa ngokushesha. Eminye imibhangqwana izozama wonke unyaka futhi ikhulelwe inyanga yokugcina yalolo nyaka. Iningi labantu lizokhulelwa phakathi nalonyaka. Ukungakhulelwa ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala akusho ukuthi unenkinga yokuzala nhlobo.
Sizokukhuluma ngokuthi singatshela kanjani uma udinga ukubona ochwepheshe ngomzuzu.
Buyela emuva kokwenza umntwana! Ukuba nokukhulelwa okunempilo kufanele kuqale izinyanga ngaphambi kokuba usulungele ukuba nomntwana. Nakhu ukubheka ukuthi lolu hambo lungase luhambe kanjani esikhundleni salokho.
Yiba Nokuhlolwa Kwemvelo
Akukho okuthiwa sexy njengomuntu onempilo. Bobabili wena nomlingani wakho kufanele nihlele ukuhlolwa njalo ngokomzimba ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe. Eminyakeni edlulile, iningi lale nkinga libheke emzimbeni wesifazane, kodwa manje siyazi ukuthi impilo yomlingani wakho ibalulekile futhi ngokuphathelene nokuzala, kodwa futhi ngokuphathelene nokukhulelwa kwengane kanye nomntwana okhulele.
Ukuhlola okuhle ngokomzimba kufanele kube nezinto ezihlukahlukene ukuze uthole umbono jikelele wempilo yakho. Izobukeka:
- ukuphakama kwakho nesisindo sakho
- umfutho wegazi lakho
- noma yimiphi imithi oyithatha njengamanje
- umlando wempilo yomndeni
- izifo zamanje noma izifo (isb., ukucindezeleka kwegazi, izinkinga ze-thyroid, isifo sikashukela, njll)
- ukuhlolwa okukhethekile njengoba kunqunywe osebenzayo
- ukuhlola izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi
- ukuhlola ngokomzimba ukufaka izitho zakho zokuzala
Inqubo yokucabangela ngemuva kokukhulelwa ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe ukuthi ungathola izimo zakho ezingapheli ngaphansi kokulawula noma uthole ukuthi unempilo engapheli yini futhi ulashwe. Kubuye kube nethuba lokubuza imibuzo eqondene nenqubo yokukhulelwa noma yokuyeka ukulawula ukuzalwa.
Ungase ukhulume ngesisindo sakho noma umfutho wegazi, ngisho noma kungabangela ukuba uhlangane nezinkinga kuleli phuzu. Esikhathini esiphakathi phakathi kokubona udokotela wakho futhi uma ukhulelwa, uzoba nethuba lokuletha isisindo sakho eduze kwesisindo somgomo wena nomlingani wakho.
Ukukhulelwa akusona isikhathi esihle sokulahlekelwa isisindo. Ukwenza ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe kungaba nezinzuzo ngokwenza kube lula ukukhulelwa.
Phila Indlela Yokuphila Ephilile
Into eyodwa okumele ibe nokukhulelwa okunempilo kuyindlela yokuphila enempilo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinto ezifana nalezi:
- ukubukela ukudla kwakho
- ukuqeda izidakamizwa ezenhlalo noma zokuzilibazisa (kuhlanganise utshwala nogwayi)
- ukugcina imikhuba yokuzivocavoca
- ukuthuthukisa imikhuba yokulala
Ngamunye wabo kuzoba nengxenye empilweni yakho. Kungaba kuhle ukuthi ukusho ukuthi ukudla izithelo nemifino kuzokukwenza ube nempilo enhle, kodwa kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi umzimba wakho usebenza kahle. Isibonelo esilula kodwa esiphumelelayo ukuthi uma udla izithelo nemifino, cishe uthola i-fibre okudingayo ukuze ugweme ukuqotshwa. Ukuqokwa kungaba yinto enenkinga kokubili uma uthatha amavithamini angakabiphi kodwa futhi ngenxa nje yokuthi ukhulelwe amahomoni. Kungase kubangele amathumbu akho abe kancane kancane. Ngemihlahlandlela eshintshayo ngokushesha, ukungena ngemvume nomhlinzeki wakho kungasiza ekuthola iseluleko esihle sokuthi ungaba kanjani nokudla okunempilo.
Udokotela wakho angaba nolwazi oluyisisekelo kunomsoco. Kunezindawo ezithile ezinikeza isigaba sokupheka esibhekiswe ekukhulelwe kanye / noma ukukhulelwa okuphephile. Buza azungeze ezibhedlela zendawo noma izikhungo zokukhulelwa ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthe xaxa endaweni yakini. Kukhona nezinombolo eziningana kule ndaba. Lokhu kungase kubaluleke nakakhulu uma unokudla okuqinile okungukuthi imifino noma i-vegan, nakuba kungenzeka ngokuphelele ukuba nokukhulelwa okunomsoco noma okunomsoco .
Imithi yezenhlalo nezokungcebeleka ingabangela inkinga ngoba empeleni inganciphisa amathuba okukhulelwa. Ngezinye izikhathi kungumshini wokuphuza utshwala obangela ukungapheli kwesikhashana-nakuba kungase kube nomonakalo we-chromosomal ekubhemeni, ekuphuzeni , noma ekusebenziseni izidakamizwa. Kuhle ukuba bobabili abalingani bayeke ngaphambi kokukhulelwa ukunikeza ukukhulelwa kwakho ithuba elihle lokuphumelela. Iningi lemithi yezenhlalakahle nezokungcebeleka lingabangela ingozi ekhulayo yezinkinga zofuzo noma ingozi yokukhulelwa njengokukhulelwa kwesisu noma ukubeletha.
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Indlela Yokulungiselela Ngempela Ukukhulelwa
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Imiphi Imithi Engaqaphileyo Evikelekile Lapho Uzama Ukuthola?
Ukukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho ngokuvulekile nangokwethembeka kuyoba yindlela engcono yokuthola ulwazi olunembile ukukusiza.
Ukulala nokuzivocavoca nazo izici ezimbili zokuphila okunempilo okubalulekile ekukhulelweni okunempilo. Ngeke nje kukusize ube namandla futhi uphilile ukukhulelwa, kodwa kuzokusiza ukuba ukhulelwe kalula. Ukusebenzisa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuboniswe ukwandisa umuzwa wenhlalakahle futhi kunciphise izinhlungu nezinhlungu zokukhulelwa. Ucwaningo oluthile lubonisa umsebenzi omfushane uma umama esebenzisa ukukhulelwa. Ungesabi uma ungenamandla ekuzivocavoca. Ukuhamba nokubhukuda kuyizindlela ezinhle zokuphuma nokuhamba - lokho kuhamba kukusiza. Umlingani wakho obamba iqhaza wenza kube lula ukuthi uzoya ejimini noma labo abahamba nabo.
Qala ukuthatha amavithamini angaphambi kokubeletha ngaphambi kokukhulelwa
Amavithamini angakapheli yingumshwalense wakho. Ngeke balungise ukudla okumbi noma kuvimbele imiphumela emibi, kodwa bazokwehlisa amathuba. Ngokwesibonelo, i-folic acid ingasiza ekuvimbeleni amaphutha we-neural uma kuthathwa ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa kakhulu. Kuphakathi kwezigaba zokuqala uma kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvikela ithubhu ye-neural, isakhiwo lapho umgogodla nobuchopho bakha khona. Uma uqala ukuthatha ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe, akugcini nje kuphela ukuthi kuqinisekiswa ukuthi uhlanganisiwe ekukhulelweni kokuqala, kodwa kukusiza ukuba wakhe umkhuba wokuwathatha.
Kukhona amavithamini amaningi okubeletha atholakalayo. Iqiniso liwukuthi awudingi lutho olufisa, i-vitamin amaningi ejwayelekile ene-folic acid ingase ibe kahle kuwe. Ngakho-ke, uma unayo i-vithamini ukuthi uyazibekezelela kahle-ngoba akuwona wonke umuntu ozobekezelela zonke vithamini-angenise futhi abuze umhlinzeki wakho uma lokho kuzokwenza inhloso efanayo. Kungase futhi kubize kancane.
Thola Umshwalense Wakho Nemali E-oda
Ukukhuluma ngemali nomshuwalense manje kungakusindisa ikhanda elikhulu ngesikhathi esizayo. Uma usondelene nokubhalisa okuvulekile futhi ucabanga ukuthi ngonyaka ozayo kungenzeka kube unyaka wokuthi ukhulelwe, bheka ukushicilelwa okunikezwayo. Ingabe ihlanganisa zonke izinketho zokuzalwa ongase uzifake kuzo? Hlola ngokuqondile mayelana nokuvota kokuzala-lokhu kunohlu olubanzi kakhulu lwezinto ezihlanganisiwe, nini, futhi kuphi. Kumele ubuze mayelana nokufakwa kokubili kokubelethwa kwezinhlekelele eziphansi ngempela kanye nabahlinzeki abanjengo-doulas nababelethisi, ukuhlinzekwa okungcupheni kakhulu njengabachwepheshe bezokwelapha zesisu (MFM) kanye nezinyunithi zokunakekelwa ezikhulayo ze-neonatal (NICU).
Uma uphuma ephaketheni, funda ukuthi yiziphi izindleko ezingase zibe khona futhi uhlele ukuthi uzozimboza kanjani. Ingabe uzokwazi ukusebenzisa i-akhawunti yokusebenzisa imali (FSA) noma i-akhawunti yokulondolozwa kwezempilo (HSA)? Ukucela manje kuzokuvumela ithuba lokulungiselela imali ukuze umthelela wokukhulelwa.
Khuluma ngezihloko zabazali
Nakuba kungase kubonakale kungakabiphi ukukhuluma ngokubeletha ngaphambi kokuba ungumzali, lokhu yizinto eziningi imibhangqwana engakaze icatshangelwe kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba ingane ifike. Bobabili bacabanga ukuthi bathandana futhi bonke abanye bazozihlunga. Khuluma ngendlela okhuliswe ngayo. Uthandani? Yini ongathanda ukuyigwema? Kuphi lokho kuxabana? Ezinye izihloko ezithile ezizokhuluma ngazo zingabandakanya:
- ingane izolala kuphi
- ngubani ozobuka ingane
- imisebenzi yomkhaya izohlukaniswa kanjani
- iyiphi inkolo ozoyikhulisa ngayo ingane
- ogama lakhe lokugcina lizoba nalo
- izindlela zokuziphatha
- ifilosofi yokubeletha
Ungabona ukuthi kukhona ezinye izihloko zenkinobho ezishisayo kulolu hlu. Akuyona ingxoxo eyodwa ebusuku, kodwa kunengxoxo eqhubekayo. Ukubeletha kuyashintsha endleleni. Kodwa-ke, ukuthola isizinda kwingxoxo kuzokunikeza okungenani iphuzu lokuqala.
Xoxani ngokulawulwa kokuzalwa
Okokugcina, yisikhathi sokukhuluma ngokulawulwa kokuzalwa. Kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzise izisu zomlomo, iphilisi, okwesikhashana. Umhlinzeki wakho uzokhuluma nawe ngokuthi uzoyeka nini nokuthi kanjani . Ngezinye izikhathi kulula ukuzinikela umjikelezo noma amabili ukukhulelwa. Uma ufuna leso sikhathi, qiniseka ukusebenzisa enye indlela yokuvimbela ukukhulelwa njengamakhondomu noma i-diaphragm. Lokhu kukunika kancane ikhefu futhi ikuvumela ukuba uqale ukuhlela ishadi lakho, uma unesithakazelo, ngaphambi kokukhulelwa.
Ungase nje unqume ukuthi usuku oluthile esikhathini esizayo yilusuku olukhulu lokuyeka ukusebenzisa ukulawula kokuzalwa kanye nombuthano owenza usuku futhi ungalokothi ubuke emuva. Noma ungase nje uthathe isinqumo sokuxoxa ngakho esikhathini esizayo futhi unqume ukuthi yini esebenza eduze naleso sikhathi. Ezinye zalezi zingase zithembele uma ukhethe isikhathi sokukhulelwa kwakho.
Yenza Abantwana Benza Ubulili
Woo-hoo! Yiba nobulili-uzokhulelwa! Kuhle ... uma kwenziwa kahle. Kunezinto ezithile esizishoyo uma sithi "sinocansi." Ukuze uqale, kufanele ube nobulili besifazane ngaphandle kokulawulwa kokubeletha, okungcono uma ucabanga ukuthi ukuvota kungase kusondele.
Awudingi ukukwenza kabili ngosuku, noma ngabe wenza ngezikhathi ezithile, kuhle. Awudingi ngisho nokukwenza nsuku zonke, kodwa kulungile, futhi. Noma kunjalo, ucansi lomlomo, ubulili obudala, ubulili namakhondomu, kanye nobulili esikhathini sakho zonke izindlela ezimbi zokukhulelwa.
Ukubikezela Ukuvuthwa
Ukubikezela ukuvota kungenziwa emafomethi ahlukahlukene. Ezinye zikhulu kunabanye. Okukhethile kuncike kubuntu bakho, imijikelezo yakho, ukubekezela kwakho, nesidingo sakho sokubikezela usuku lokuzalwa. Awudingi ukuzama ukubikezela ukuvota kwakho ukuze ukhulelwe, nakuba kunganciphisa isikhathi sakho sokukhulelwa noma kukusize ubone ukuthi unenkinga yokuzala.
Ngezinye izikhathi uvele usebenzise uhlelo lokusebenza oludweba ngenkathi unesikhathi sakho, isikhathi eside kangakanani imijikelezo yakho, futhi uzama ukuqagela isilinganiso uma usu-ovulating. Indlela elula yokwenza lokhu ngaphandle kohlelo lokusebenza ukuthatha ubude bomjikelezo wakho (qala ukubala ngosuku lokuqala lokuya esikhathini bese uqeda ukubala ngosuku lokuqala uqala umjikelezo olandelayo). Bala emuva emuva izinsuku ezingu-14 kusukela ekupheleni.
Ngakho-ke, uma uqale isikhathi sakho ngoDisemba 1 futhi uqale ukuya esikhathini seNyakatho 29, izinsuku ezingu-14 emuva ungalinganisa ukuthi uhamba nge-Dec. 15. Wena-ke ubikezele, noma uqagele, izinyanga ezizayo, usazofaka izinombolo eziyisisekelo .
Abanye abantu abafuni ukubala kodwa bafuna ukuba okucacile ngesikhathi esifanayo. Bazoqala ukubala ekuqaleni komjikelezo wabo, futhi uma befika ngosuku lwesishiyagalolunye, bangasebenzisa imichilo yokuhlola umchamo nsuku zonke kuze kube yilapho isiqephu sokuhlola sibonisa ukuthi ukuvota kungekudala. Lokhu kungaba yindleko, kodwa ungathenga lezi kits zokubikezela i-ovulation (OPK) noma yikuphi okuvela ku-$ 1 per strip test noma $ 30 + umjikelezo ngamunye.
Eminye imindeni yakhetha ukusebenzisa izindlela zokushisa emzimbeni we-basal (BBT) . Lapha ubasha ukushisa kwakho kwansuku zonke kusukela lapho uvuka. Ukusebenzisa ukubala ngesandla noma uhlelo noma uhlelo lokusebenza, ubheka ukushisa kokushisa ngaphambi kokuvutha. Lokhu kusiza ngokubukela izimpawu ezithile ze-ovulation. Lokhu kungakusiza ukuba uhlole uma usukhulelwe, ngenxa yezinguquko ekushiseni komzimba.
Nquma ukuthi unzima kangakanani ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwakho
Kukhona ezinye izisebenzi ezinezikhathi ezithile ezilula kunabanye ukuba babe nokubeletha okuphelelwe yisikhathi. Isibonelo singase sibe uthisha othanda ukuba umntwana wakhe azalwe ekupheleni konyaka wesikole noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo, noma ilungu lezefundisi elidinga ukugwema ukuzala ngesikhathi seholide ephezulu. Ngezinye izikhathi uyazi nje ukuthi ufuna ukuthola umntwana ozalwa ngo-Okthoba. Kungakhathaliseki isizathu, ungazama ukuhlela ukukhulelwa kwengane yakho ukuze ihambisane nesikhathi esithile.
Lokho kusho, khumbula, kungukuqagela. Ungase uphelelwe ngokuphelele futhi ungakhulelwa futhi uqhube wenza okuphambene nalokho okuhloswe ngakho ukukhulelwa. Uma ungeke neze ube nomntwana ozalwa ngenyanga ethile, sebenzisa indlela yokubuyisela emuva yokulawulwa kokuzalwa ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalolunye ezihambelana ngaphambi kwalolo suku.
Lokhu kungase kwandise isikhathi esingakanani ukuthatha wena ukuba ukhulelwe ngoba nje ungazama izinyanga ezingu-12 ngaphandle konyaka. Kungase futhi kusho ukuthi kufanele usebenze ekubikezeleni i-ovulation ukukusiza uthole usuku oluthile, kunokuba nje ulahlekelwe ukulawulwa kokuzalwa.
Ukulungisa 'Ukuthola Ukukhulelwa' Indlela Yokuphila
Kungase kubonakale sengathi akuyona i-no-brainer-uhlala nje impilo yakho ngaphandle kokulawulwa kokubeletha. Uma kungukuthi kusebenza kanjani wena nomlingani wakho, lokho kuhle! Eminye imibhangqwana ivuselela izimpikiswano eziningi ezungeze ukucabanga ngesikhatsi socansi . Yingakho akufanele ukhathazeke kakhulu ngakho, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni. Khumbula, imibhangqwana eminingi izokhulelwa phakathi nonyaka wokuqala. Lokhu kuvamile, futhi akumelwe umangale uma ungakhulelwe ngokushesha nje uma uyeka ukulawula ukubeletha. (Futhi akumelwe umangale uma ukhona.)
Kukhona ukungaqiniseki ngokuzama ukukhulelwa. Kungaba kancane ukungahloniphi eminye imindeni. Zama ukuvuleka kulokho kungenzeka ukuthi awukwazi ukulawula zonke izici ngaphandle kwalezo ongakwazi ukuzilawula.
Yazi ukuthi kufanele uthathe isikhathi sokuhlola ukukhulelwa
I-big yembula kulo lonke uhambo lokuya ocansini ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa. Uma uzama ukukhulelwa, kungase kube ukuzama ukucabanga ukuthi yonke into oyizwayo iyinkomba yokukhulelwa. Kuyinto evamile ukuba uqaphele kahle ukuthi umzimba wakho uzizwa kanjani ezinsukwini eziholela esikhathini sakho esikulindeleke.
Lokhu kungase kudideke kakhulu uma izivivinyo eziningi zokukhulelwa zizikhangisa ngokwazo njengezivumelekile ngaphambi kokuthi uphelelwe isikhathi sakho. Nakuba uvivinyo oluhle ngaphambi kwesikhathi sakho esingabanjwanga kufanele lubhekwe ukuhlolwa okukhulelwe okuhle, ukuhlolwa okungafanele akufanele kuthathwe njengento. Ungathanda ukulinda kuze kube yilapho isikhathi sakho sidingeka futhi sibuyele emuva.
Njengoba ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa ekhaya kungabizi kakhulu, kunembile futhi kulula ukwenza, kwenza kube lula ukuthi uzothatha isinqumo sokumane uhlole ukukhulelwa noma ezintathu ezinsukwini eziholela esikhathini sakho. Abanye abantu bafuna ukwazi ukuthi ingozi yenzani lokhu, kanti ngenkathi kungekho ukulimala okwenyama, ukuhlolwa komzwelo we-fat fat test ukukhulelwa okungalungile kungaqala ngempela ukulinganisa ngokomzwelo.
Iseluleko esingcono kakhulu ukulinda kuze kube usuku lapho isikhathi sakho sidingeka kuze kufike ukuhlolwa-ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nosuku emva kwalokho. Isivivinyo esenziwe ngakho kungenzeka ukuthi sibe nesimo esihle uma ukhulelwe, ngoba nje usuku olulodwa noma amabili lunikeza umzimba wakho ithuba lokubhalisa inani eliphakeme le-gonadotropin ye-chorionic yabantu (hCG), i-hormone yokukhulelwa ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa kuthola.
Yazi Nini Ukucela Usizo
Enye yemibuzo evame ukubuzwa njalo esiyizwayo ukuthi imindeni ayiqiniseki ukuthi ingabe ikhona yini izinkinga futhi kufanele ifune usizo . Imikhombandlela engcono kakhulu yokusebenzisa ingenye yemihlahlandlela yokukhulelwa ngokujwayelekile. Uma uneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-35 futhi ubeke isikhathi esanele, ucansi olungavikelekile unyaka, sekuyisikhathi sokuthola umbono wesibili ku-obstetrician noma umbelethisi wakho. Uma uneminyaka engu-35 noma ngaphezulu, ulinde izinyanga eziyisithupha kuphela.
Kumele futhi ushayele udokotela wakho uma unento ebonakala engavamile ngomjikelezo wakho. Lokhu kungase kube nokweqa okugcina isikhathi esifushane kunezinsuku ezintathu noma ngaphezulu kunezinsuku eziyisikhombisa. Kungenzeka ukuthi umjikelezo wakho ufushane kunezinsuku ezingu-22 noma ngaphezulu kunezinsuku ezingu-42. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuyisali nje sokulawulwa kokubeletha futhi ukuqala kokuqala kokukhakha kuyasiza. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyisibonakaliso sokuqala kolunye udaba, oludinga ukuhlola okuqhubekayo.
Kufanele uqale inqubo yokuhlela imijikelezo yakho ngenkathi ulinda ukubona ochwepheshe, uma ungakaze wenze kanjalo. Lokhu kungabanika idatha ethile ukukusiza ukuba ukhombise noma yiziphi izinkinga futhi ulondoloze isikhathi.
> Imithombo:
> I-American College yezidakamizwa namaGynecologists. I-ACOG: Ukubaluleka kokunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokuqala kokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwabesifazane. I-ACOG I-Opinion yeKomidi No. 313. I-American College of Izifo Nezifo ZamaGynecologists. I-Obstet Gynecol 2005; 106: 665-6.
> I-American College yezidakamizwa namaGynecologists. Umbono wekomidi le-ACOG no. 549: ukukhuluphala ekukhupheni. I-Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jan; 121 (1): 213-7. i-doi: http: //10.1097/01.AOG.0000425667.10377.60.
> Braspenningx S, Haagdorens M, Blaumeiser B, Jacquemyn Y, Mortier G. Ukunakekelwa kwangaphambili: ukubuyekezwa okuhleliwe kwesimo samanje nezincomo zekusasa. Ukubukwa kweqiniso kwe-Obgyn. 2013; 5 (1): 13-25.
> Hussein N, Kai J, Qureshi N. Eur J Gen Pract. 2015 Nov 26: 1-11. [Epub ngaphambi kokuphrinta] Imiphumela yokungenelela kwangaphambili ekuthuthukiseni impilo yokuzala kanye nemiphumela yokukhulelwa ekunakekelweni okuyinhloko: Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile.
> Salihu HM, Salinas A, Mogos M. Isixhumanisi esingekho ekunakekelweni kwangaphambili: indima yokucwaninga ngokuphumelelayo kocwaningo. I-Matern Health Health J. 2013 Jul; 17 (5): 776-82. i-doi: 10.1007 / s10995-012-1056-1.