Ukuthuthukiswa kwengane yasencane kuthonywa yizinto ezihlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo nezendalo. Lezi zici zithinta ingane kokubili ngezindlela ezinhle ezingathuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwazo nezindlela ezingalungile ezingahle zenze imikhuba yentuthuko ibe yinkinga.
Ngesikhathi sokubeletha, kunezinto eziningi eziphilayo ezingathinta ukuthuthukiswa kwengane.
Ucwaningo lwenziwe eWitgers University lubonise ukuthi izimbangela zokubeletha zithinta kanjani ukuthuthukiswa kwezilimi nokuthi izici zokubeletha ziyizinto eziyinhloko ezibangela ekuthuthukiseni kwengqondo kwengane. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto eziningi kubhekwa njengengumphumela wezinto ezingenasisekelo, eziphilayo, nezici zokubeletha ezenza kancane kancane. Ake sigxile ezintweni ezimbili eziphilayo ezithinta ukuthuthukiswa kwezingane: umsoco kanye nobulili.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla okunempilo kuba yisici esibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni konke kwengane. Ngaphambi kokubeletha, ukudla komama kanye nempilo yonke ibambe iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni kwengane. I-Folic acid yokudla ama-micrograms angu-400 (mcg) nsuku zonke izinyanga ezintathu ngaphambi kokukhulelwa futhi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kokuqala kunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga ezithile zokuzalwa kwengqondo yengane (i-anencephaly) nomgogodla (spina bifida).
Lezi zinkinga zokuzalwa zikhona emavikini ambalwa okuqala okukhulelwa, yingakho kubalulekile kwabesifazane eminyakeni yabo yokubeletha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bathola okungenani ama-micrograms angu-400 e-folic acid nsuku zonke-kulindeleke ukuthi owesifazane athole ukuthi ukhulelwe angase abe sekwephuzile.
Ubulili
Iningi labantu linama-chromosomes angu-23 kumaseli awo (ngaphandle kwamaseli akhethekile azalisayo okuthiwa i-gametes). Ama-pair amabili okuqala abizwa ngokuthi ama-autosomes, afana nabafana namantombazane. Ngakho-ke, abesilisa nabesifazane bahlanganyela kakhulu kwisethi efanayo yezakhi zofuzo. Noma kunjalo, ama-chromosomes amabili angu-23 yilokho okunquma ubulili bomuntu ngamunye.
Abafana bane-X chromosome eyodwa ne-Y chromosome eyodwa kanti amantombazane anama-chromosomes amabili amabili. Ngakho-ke, ukungezwani kobulili ezingeni lezinto eziphilayo kuyatholakala kwi-Y chromosome.
Ubulili budlala isici ekuvuthweni kwengqondo kulabo bafana bavame ukuthuthukisa nokufunda ngokuhlukile kunamantombazane. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abafana banamazinga aphansi okulungela isikole kunamantombazane. Ezinye izici ezithintekayo zibandakanya ukubheka ukuhlukumeza ngokobulili nokuthi umphakathi ubheka kanjani amadoda nabesifazane abavela emasikweni nasezindaweni ezihlukahlukene.
Umzimba womzimba unomzimba ohlukile wokuzala futhi uqhubeka uhlukaniswa njengama-hormone ayisipesheli evezwayo adlala indima ekuhlukeni kobulili. Abafana ngokuvamile bakhiqiza ama-androgens amaningi (ama-hormone wesilisa), kuyilapho abesifazane beveza ama-estrogens (ama-hormone wesifazane wesifazane).
Ososayensi baye bafunda umphumela wokudla ngokweqile kwamahomoni ocansi ngesimo somntwana. Baye bathola ukuthi abafana abanamazinga aphakeme kakhulu kune-androgen avamile futhi baziphatha ngendlela efanayo nakontanga yabo yesilisa ngezinga elijwayelekile le-androgen. Kodwa-ke, amantombazane anezinga eliphezulu le-androgen ekhombisa ubuciko obuningi bokuziphatha ngokobulili kunamantombazane anamazinga ajwayelekile a-androgen.
Izwi elivela ku-Verywell
Iminyaka emithathu yokuqala yokuphila kwengane yinkathi yokukhula nokuthuthuka okukhulu.
Ososayensi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi iminyaka emithathu yokuqala inegalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukeni kwengane nangempumelelo empilweni yakho kamuva. Ibonakala ngokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo, ikakhulukazi kobuchopho lapho kwenziwa khona ukuxhumana phakathi kwamangqamuzana obuchopho (neurons) futhi kuhlinzekwa izakhi zokwakha ezidingekayo zokukhula nokuthuthukiswa esikhathini esizayo.
Ukuze izingane ezikhubazekile zikwazi ukufunda kangcono, ziba nezihlakaniphile, futhi zizimele, kubalulekile ukuzinikela ekuthuthukisweni kwentsha.
> Imithombo:
> I-Folic Acid Isekela Ukuvimbela Ezinye Izinkinga Zokuzalwa. Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. https://www.cdc.gov/features/FolicAcidBenefits/index.html.
> Irwin LG, Siddiqi A, Hertzman C. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwabantwana Okuqala: I-equalizer enamandla. I-World Health Organization.