I-Past and Future ye-In vitro Fertilization

by URachel Gurevich

Ukushiwo, ukuqala, umlando, kanye nekusasa le-"Test Tube Baby"

Incazelo yangempela yegama elithi in vitro lingaphakathi "egumbini." Liyigama lesiLatini, elibhekisela ngokuphindaphindiwe kunoma yini eyenzeka endaweni yokubhubhisa. Lokhu okuphambene ne- vivo , okusho ngaphakathi emzimbeni (noma ngokoqobo, "ngaphakathi kokuphila").

I-in vitro fertilization , eyaziwa kangcono nge- IVF , iyindlela yobuchwepheshe yokuzala lapho ukukhulelwa kwenzeka khona ebhokisini kunokuba ngaphakathi komzimba.

Kusukela umntwana wokuqala we-IVF ezalwa emhlabeni ngo-1978, ukufaka umanyolo e-vitro kuye kwanikeza ithemba ezigidini zabantu abashadile abangakwazi ukukhulelwa ingane nganoma iyiphi enye indlela.

Namuhla, i-IVF yindlela yokwelashwa ejwayelekile- noma eyabizayo- yokuzala.

Izingane ezilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-6.5 ze-IVF ezikhulelwe zizelwe emhlabeni jikelele. Iziguli ezingaphansi kuka-5% zokuzala zifuna i- IVF. Lezi okuthiwa "i-tube test babies" zinempilo futhi zijwayelekile njengabantwana abavame ukukhulelwa.

Kodwa akukona ukuthi esikhathini eside esidlule i-IVF yayibuchwepheshe obusha bomkhiqizo, iphikisana kakhulu futhi ingekho emthethweni.

Usebenza kanjani nge-Vitro Fertilization?

Nansi incazelo emfushane kakhulu yalokho okwenzeka phakathi ne-IVF:

Owesifazane uthatha izidakamizwa zokuzala , okugqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kwama- oocyte engeziwe (noma amaqanda) emaqanda. Lokhu kwenzeka ngezinsuku ezimbalwa.

Khona-ke, amaqanda avuthiwe asuswe kusuka esibelethweni (mhlawumbe kumama ohlosiwe noma kusuka kumnikeli weqanda.

) Lokhu kwenziwa ngenaliti eqondiswa yi-ultrasound.

Kulebhu, amaqanda abuyiselwe ahlangene ne-sperm (kusuka kubaba ohlosiwe noma kusuka kumnikeli wesilisa.)

Iqanda nesidoda zihlanganiswa esitsheni se-petri, lapho ngethemba ukuthi insimu yesilisa izothela i-egg cell. I-egg egg cell ebizwa ngokuthi i-egg fertilizer ibizwa ngokuthi i-embryo.

Umbungu okhulayo bese uqala izinsuku ezimbalwa ebhodini. Lokhu kwenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwa ngokucophelela.

Okulandelayo, umbungu owodwa noma emibili emihle kakhulu idluliselwa kumama ohlosiwe (noma isisu). Noma yikuphi ama-embryos angeziwe afriziwe ngemjikelezo yesikhathi esizayo.

Ngethemba ukuthi ukukhulelwa kuzophumela. Izinga lokuphumelela le-IVF lihle, kepha ukukhulelwa akuyona isiqinisekiso.

Ungathola incazelo eningiliziwe yenqubo yesimanje ye-IVF lapha:

I-IVF Treatment Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo

Kuyini "I-TB Yokuhlola Izingane?"

"I-tube test baby" yigama ngezinye izikhathi elisetshenziswa abezindaba ukubhekisela ezinganeni ezikhulelwe nge- in vitro fertilization (IVF) .

Naphezu kwegama, "i-tube test babies" ayitholakali ku-tube yokuhlola. Ama-tubes wokuhlola awayona ingxenye yenqubo yesimanje ye-IVF nhlobo.

Nge-IVF, iqanda livuthwa esitsheni se-petri. (Akuyona ithoni yokuhlola.) Uma umbungu uphakathi kwezinsuku ezintathu nezinhlanu ubudala, udluliselwa kwisibeletho.

Ukuze kucace, umbungu awuqhubeki ube ngumntwana ebhodini. Lo mqondo ungokwezizinda zesayensi yeqiniso. I-embryo idluliselwe iqoqo lamaseli aphilayo futhi athuthukayo - hhayi lokho umuntu angacabanga ngakho ngokuthi "ingane".

I-tube test test yezingane yayisetshenziswa okokuqala ema-1930. Khona-ke, isetshenziselwa ukubhekisela ekusakazeni okufakelwayo - hhayi i-IVF.

Ukuqothulwa kwamakhemikhali lapho umuntu ehlanjululwa khona ngokukhethekile kuhanjiswa ngokuqondile embelethweni wesifazane nge-cervix. I- vivo fertilization - emzimbeni - hhayi ku-in vitro , ebhodini, njenge-IVF.

Ukubhekisela kokuqala kwegama elithi "tube tube baby" litholakala encwadini eyanyatheliswa ngo-1934 yiPanurge Press, eyabhalwa uDkt. Hermann Rohleder.

Le ncwadi, enesihloko esithi Test Tube Babies: A History of the Impregnation Artificial Human Beings , ichazwa ngokuthi, "kufaka phakathi i-akhawunti eningiliziwe yezinqubo zayo, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okuhlangenwe nakho komtholampilo, ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi, nezici zezokwelapha nezomthetho ezihilelekile . "

Le ncwadi imayelana nokusatshalaliswa okufakelwayo, hhayi i-IVF. I-IVF yayingakaqalwa.

Lapho iqanda lomuntu lokuqala likhulelwa ngaphandle komzimba ngo-1944, i-term test test baby yaqala ukubhekisela ezinganeni ze-IVF.

ULouise Joy Brown, umntwana wokuqala we-IVF emhlabeni, usalokhu ebizwa ngokuthi "ingane yokuqala yokuhlola". (Okuningi kuye ngezansi.)

Abaningi ezweni elizalayo bacabanga ukuthi leli gama liyamcasula futhi alivumelekile ngenxa yesithombe esingalungile, sci-fi.

Umlando nokuphikisana kwe-In vitro Fertilization

Indlela eya empilweni ye-IVF ephumelelayo yayisinde futhi izama.

Ngenxa yobungqabavu nokuphikelela kwasosayensi bokuqala nodokotela, ubuchwepheshe bokufaka umanyolo we-in vitro buyatholakala namuhla.

Okokuqala Umanyolo We-Invitro Uthatha Izindawo Ezanogwaja

Ngo-1934, uDkt. Gregory Pincus waphumelela ngokuvuna amaqanda enogwaja ebhodini. Akazange asebenzise onogwaja besilisa kule nqubo.

Ngenqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-parthenogenesis, wakwazi ukuthatha amaqanda kumanogwaja abesifazane, ukuphoqa ukukhulelwa kwamaqanda ngokusebenzisa izindlela zamakhemikhali, bese udlulisela amaqanda okukhulelwa abuyele emlonyeni wesifazane onogwaja.

Umsebenzi wakhe wabangela ukuphikisana okukhulu nokukhathazeka okukhulu. Ukuhlolwa nokumemezela okungamanga kwaholela ekubeni alahlekelwe isikhundla sakhe eHarvard University.

Kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu obona umsebenzi kaDkt. Pincus njengengqondo. Abanye babona ithemba nethembiso.

In Vitro Fertilization Ukuzama Amaqanda Abantu

Ngo-1937, uDkt. John Rock wathumela umhleli ongabhalwanga eNew England Journal of Medicine onesihloko esithi "Yeka ithuba lokuba abesifazane abangenalimi abanezigubhu ezivaliwe," badumisa amathuba okufaka umanyolo we-in vitro kubantu.

Ngo-1938, uDkt Rock waqasha uDkt Pincus 'owayengumchwepheshe wangaphambili - uMiriam Menkin.

UMiriam Menkin noDkt. Pincus base bechitha iminyaka eyisithupha ezayo bezama ukufaka umanyolo we-vitamin ov.

Phakathi nocwaningo lwabo, baqoqa ama-ova angu-800 abantu futhi bazama ukutshala 138.

Ekugcineni, entwasahlobo ka-1944, u-Pincus noMenin banquma ukwandisa isikhathi seqanda kanye nesidoda babekanye ndawonye esitsheni se-petri.

Ekugcineni bakwazi ukutshala amaqanda amane ngempumelelo. Abazange bazame ukudlulisa lawo maqanda okukhulelwa embelethweni wesifazane.

Ukuphikisana Nokuqhubeka Nokucwaninga Ngokuthuthukiswa Kwamaqanda Abantu

Ngo-1949, uPapa Dius XII walahla ukukhulelwa ngaphandle komzimba.

Kodwa lokhu akuzange kumise inqubekela phambili.

Ngo-1951, uDkt. Landrum Shettles wazama ukuphendula uDkt Pincus 'ukufaka umquba ngamaqanda abantu ebhodini. Waphumelela.

UDkt Shettles naye wakwazi ukugcina iqanda elikhulile liphila futhi likhula kuze kube usuku lwesithupha. (Usuku lwesithupha ngukuthi umbungu wawuzozifaka ngokwakho emgodini we-uterine.)

Wahamba ukushicilela i- Ovum Humanum , incwadi enezinhlamvu ezingaphezu kuka-1 000 zeqanda lomuntu ngezigaba ezihlukahlukene zokuthuthukiswa.

UDkt. Robert Edwards 'Uqala i-IVF Research

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, eNgilandi, uDkt. Robert Edwards wayezama ukufaka umanyolo we-in vitro ngamaqanda amagundane. Waphumelela futhi wayefuna ukwenza okufanayo ngamaqanda abantu. Wazama iminyaka kodwa engenalo inhlanhla.

Ngo-1965, uDkt. Edwards waya eMelika, lapho ahlangana khona noDokotela Dr Howard noGeorgeanna Jones eJohn Hopkins University.

UDkt. Howard Jones wayengumhlinzeki ohlinzayo obeletha , okwelapha ukuhlinzwa okungenasifo. Umkakhe, uDkt. Georgeanna Jones, wayeyi-endocrinologist yokuzala. Wayephatha ukungabi nabantwana ngezindlela ezingekho zokuhlinzwa.

UDkt. Edwards utshele uJohn 'ngethemba lakhe lokuthola indlela yokufaka umanyolo we- in vitro emibhangqwaneni engakwazi ukucabanga.

U-Jones 'wavuma ukumsiza, futhi ndawonye, baphumelela ngokuvuna i-ovum yomuntu.

Ukungqubuzana okwengeziwe, okulandelwa phambili phambili

Ngemva kokubuyela eNgilandi, uDkt. Edwards wayefuna ukuzama ukudlulisela iqanda elifakwe emanzini emuva kwesibeletho sesifazane.

Yilapho uDkt. Edward ehlangana noPatrick Steptoe.

UDkt. Steptoe wayesungulwe inqubo entsha yokuhlinzwa eyaziwa ngokuthi i- laparoscopy . Lena yindlela yokuhlinzeka lapho ukucubungula okuncane kuyenziwa esiswini, futhi ikhamera namathuluzi kufakwa kulokho kuhlanganiswa.

Ngokusebenzisa i-laparoscopy, iqanda lomuntu elivuthiwe lingasuswa emaqanda omfazi. Lokhu kuzoba yisimangalo esingaphansi kunezinye izinketho zokuhlinzwa ngaleso sikhathi.

UDkt. Jones watshela uDkt Steptoe wephupho lakhe nge-IVF yokwelapha. Banquma ukusebenza ndawonye.

Emuva ngaphesheya kolwandle, eMelika, i-American Medical Association yayiphikisana ne-IVF. Bafakazela ukuthi ucwaningo olubandakanya "izicubu zomuntu wesisu" kufanele luyeke.

I-American Fertility Society yacabanga ngendlela ehlukile.

Ngemva kwalokho eholwa uDkt. Georgeanna Jones, i-AFS ithi ucwaningo olwenziwe nge-in vitro fertilization kumele luqhubeke .

Futhi kwenzeka. Kodwa ngokuphikisana okuqhubekayo futhi engozini kudokotela abathintekayo.

Ukuzama kokuqala ku-IVF Treatment Kuphelelwa amandla

UDkt. Shettles wahlala enqume ukuletha ezweni ingane yokuqala e-in vitro ekhulelwe. UDoris noDkt. John Del-zio bavolontiya ukuba babe abazali bokuqala be-IVF ngosizo lukaDkt. Shettles.

UDoris noDkt. John Del-zio bahlushwa ukungabi nabantwana iminyaka emihlanu. I-cyst e-ruptured ovarian iholele ekuvinjeni amashubhu e- fallopian eDoris. Ubeneminyaka emithathu ezama ukulungiswa kokuhlinzwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa zakhe kanye nemizamo emithathu yokuqothulwa. Ayikho yezokwelapha ezaphumelela.

UDkt. Shettles uthe i-IVF ingaba impendulo engenzeka futhi ihlinzeke ukusiza.

Kodwa-ke, eyunivesithi kaDkt. Shettles yayingazi kahle izinhlelo zayo. Empeleni, wayephikisana nokuqondiswa okuqondile kwabaphathi bakhe. Ubuye wakhetha ukunganaki iziqondiso zokuziphatha ezicwaningweni kubantu.

NgoSeptember 12 ^th , 1973, uDkt. Shettles wathatha amaqanda avela kuDoris, isidoda esivela kuJohane, wawafaka ndawonye ebhodini lesikhumba.

Khona-ke, wabeka i-vial in the incubator, lapho ehlela ukukugcina izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze kuvunyelwe ukukhulelwa nokukhulelwa kombungu.

Kodwa ngaphambi kokwedluliswa komzimba kanye nokudluliswa kombungu kungase kwenzeke, omunye wabalingani bakaDkt. Shettles wabika ukuhlolwa kwakhe okungavunyelwe.

Isibhamu sasikhishwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kanti uDkt. Shettles wabhekana novivinyo lwakhe lokuzama i-IVF. Kungenzeka ukuthi ingane yokuqala ye-IVF ilahlekile.

Ngemva kwalokho, uDkt. Shettles waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye isikhundla sakhe e-Columbia-Presbyterian.

Ukuqala kokukhulelwa kwe-IVF kwenzeka eNgilandi

Emuva eNgilandi, ngo-1975, uDkt. Edwards noDkt. Steptoe baphumelela ekutholeni ukukhulelwa kweVF.

Kodwa ukukhulelwa kwakuyi- ectopic - i-embryo yayifakwe emgqonyeni we-fallopian - futhi ukukhulelwa kwaphela ekukhulelweni komzimba.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, eMelika, kunezingqinamba eziningi ezenzelwe ucwaningo lwe-IVF.

Izibonelelo zikahulumeni azisekho ukuvunyelwa ukuba zisetshenziselwe izinhloso zokucwaninga nge-fetal (okuzofaka phakathi ucwaningo lwe-IVF) ngaphandle kokuthi isifundo samukelwe kuqala yiBhodi Yezokuziphatha Kazwelonke.

Kodwa ngoba ibhodi ayingeke idalwe ngokomthetho kuze kube ngoJuni ka-1978, inqubekelaphambili yafika kancane kancane.

I-IVF yokuqala yezingane ikhulelwe futhi izalwa

Emuva eNgilandi, uDkt. Edwards noDkt. Steptoe baqhubeka nokuzama kwabo ekwelapheni kwe-IVF.

NgoNovemba ka-1976, uLesley noJohn Brown bahlangana noDkt Steptoe.

Amathole we-Lesley's fallopian avinjelwe. UDkt. Steptoe watshela amaBrowns ukuthi ukuvundiswa kwe-in vitro kungabasiza. Bavuma ukwelashwa.

Ngomhla ka-Novemba 10, 1977, uDkt. Steptoe wathola amaqanda avela kuma-ovaries kaLesley Brown nge-laparoscopic. Esebenzisa isidoda sikaJohn Brown, uDkt. Edwards ubeka amaqanda kanye nesidoda ndawonye esitsheni se-petri, futhi ukukhulelwa kwenziwa ngempumelelo.

Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili, umbungu okhulelwe waphindiselwa emuva esibelethweni sikaLesley.

Ukukhulelwa kwenzeka futhi kwaba yimpumelelo!

NgoJulayi 25, 1978, uLouise Joy Brown - ingane yokuqala ye-IVF emhlabeni - wazalwa ngesigaba se-cearean. Wayengamakhilogremu angu-5, ama-ounces angu-12.

Uphilile, ujabule, futhi uvamile.

Ithemba le-IVF Baby ekubuyiseleni kwama-American

Ngalolo nyaka, eMelika, uDkt. Georgeanna noHoward Jones bathathe umhlalaphansi eYohn-Hopkins University. Bakhetha ukuthuthela eNorfolk, eVirginia ukuvula umtholampilo wokuzala .

Ngosuku lokuzalwa kukaLouise Joy Brown, intatheli yabuza uDkt Howard Jones eNorfolk. Umlobi wezindaba ucele ukuthi ingane ye-IVF ingenzeka eMelika.

UDkt. Jones waphendula ukuthi kwakungenzeka ngokuphelele, konke ababekudingayo kwakuyimali yokwenza kwenzeke.

UDkt. Jones kamuva wathola ucingo oluvela esibhedlela sangaphambili sokubeletha enikeza izimali zokuvula imitholampilo yokuqala ye-IVF eMelika.

Kodwa isikhathi esiningi siyodlula ngaphambi kokuba umntwana we-IVF azalwe e-USA.

Abantwana abaningi be-IVF bakhulelwe futhi bazalwa emhlabeni jikelele

Ukuphikisana kwaqhubeka kuphakama futhi kungena endleleni yokucwaninga kwe-in vitro ukukhulelwa kanye nenqubekela phambili eMelika.

Ngesikhathi lokhu kwenzeka, emhlabeni jikelele, izingane ezingaphezulu ze-IVF zazifika.

NgoJanuwari 4 ^th , 1978, u-Alastair MacDonald wazalelwa - umntwana wesibili we-IVF nomfana wokuqala we-IVF.

Ngo-June 23, 1980, owokuzalwa wase-Australia wokuqala we-IVF wazalwa - uCellice Elizabeth Reed.

Ngo-Okthoba 2 ^nango- 1981, umntwana wokuqala we-IVF owazalwa ngabazali baseMelika - kodwa ukwelashwa nokuzalwa kwenzeka eNgilandi. Igama lakhe nguSamantha Steel.

EMelika, uJones 'baqhubeka bezama ukuvula ikhono lokuvula nokuqhuba umtholampilo wabo we-IVF.

I-American American In Vitro Baby ifika kuqala!

Ekugcineni, ngemuva kokuqeda izithiyo eziningi zezombangazwe, umtholampilo wokuqala we-American IVF wavula ngoMashi 1, 1980.

Ngonyaka wokuqala ngemuva kokuvula, uJ Jones 'wazama i- IV IV embryo edluliselwa eNorfolk, VA. Abaphumelelanga.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, eMassachusetts, uJudy noRoger Carr babenzima ukukhulelwa.

Indaba kaCarr yokungazalwa yaqala ngokukhulelwa okwafika masinyane kodwa yaphela ngokushesha. Ukukhulelwa kwabo kokuqala kwakuyi-ectopic, futhi uJudy walahlekelwa yinye yamathoyizi akhe angama-falsipian. Bazama ukukhulelwa futhi, bakhulelwa masinyane futhi, kodwa babenenye ukukhulelwa kwe-ectopic. UJudy walahlekelwa yilezi zingxenye ezimbili zesibili.

Ukukhulelwa kwemvelo manje kwakungenakwenzeka ngokuphelele.

Ngesikhathi uJudy ephuluka ekuhlinzekeni, wathola ipheshana mayelana nomtholampilo we-IVF eNorfolk, VA. I-IVF yayingatholakali kuphela eMassachusetts ngaleso sikhathi, futhi yayingekho emthethweni.

AbakwaCarrs baxhumana noJones futhi bamenywa ukuba bafike emtholampilo wabo we-IVF. Baqhubeka nokwelashwa kwe-IVF.

Ngomhla ka-Ephreli 17 ^th , 1981, iqanda likaJudy elikhulelwe ladluliselwa esibelethweni sakhe. Kwakuyimpumelelo.

Ekugcineni, ngoDisemba 28 ^th , 1981, ngo-7: 46 ekuseni, u-Elizabeth Jordan Carr wazalwa ngesigaba se-cearean. Ingane yokuqala ye-IVF yaseMelika.

Uphilile, ujabule, futhi uvamile.

In Vitro Fertilization Khona Vs. Manje

Inqubo ye-IVF ibukeka ihluke kakhulu namhlanje kunokuba yenzeni lapho isungulwa kuqala.

Iziguli zokuqala ze-IVF kwakudingeka zihlale ezibhedlela ngesikhathi siningi somjikelezo wezokwelapha. Ukuze ulinganise amazinga we-hormone, kwakudingeka aqoqe wonke umchamo wabo.

Manje, iziguli ze-IVF ziyakwazi ukuhlala ekhaya nokusebenza. Akusekho isidingo sokuqoqa wonke umchamo wabo. Umsebenzi wegazi usetshenziselwa ukuhlola amazinga e-hormone. Iziguli ze-IVF zidinga ukungena emtholampilo wokuzala ngokuphindaphindiwe emsebenzini wegazi kanye nama-ultrasound. Kodwa ukwelashwa akusekho umzamo wokujikeleza nowashi.

Phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala ze-IVF, lapho amazinga e-hormone awo aboniswa ukuvuthwa, ama-egg retrievals kwakudingeka ahlelwe kahle amahora angu-26 kamuva. Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kwakusho ukwenza inqubo phakathi nobusuku.

Namuhla, izidakamizwa zokuzala ezijova zisetshenziselwa ukulawula uma ukuvuthwa kwenzeka. Lokhu kuvumela ukuhlela ama-egg retriev at amahora avamile kosuku. Ibuye ivumele odokotela ukuba babe nokulawula okungaphezulu kwenqubo yonke ye-ovulation, okwandisa izinkinga zokuphumelela.

Ekuqaleni, ukuphindwa kwamaqanda kudinga ukuhlinzwa okungahambi kahle. I-laparoscopy yayidingeka. Lena yindlela yokuhlinzeka lapho ukucubungula okuncane kuyenziwa esiswini, futhi ikhamera namathuluzi kufakwa kulokho kuhlanganiswa.

Namuhla, inaliti eqondiswa i-ultrasound isetshenziselwa ukuthola amaqanda. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu, kungabi nengozi encane, futhi kuhilela isikhathi esincane sokutakula.

**Ikusasa elilindelekile le-IVF: I- Vitro Fertilization Manje EVvo ?**

Ezinye izinkolo ziphikisana nomqondo wokukhulelwa ngaphandle komzimba.

Inqubo ye-GIFT, eyakhiwe nguDkt. Shettles ngo-1979, ivumela ukukhulelwa ukuba kwenzeke ngaphakathi komzimba. Kodwa le nqubo ingavamile futhi ayinayo impumelelo enkulu yokuphumelela.

Inqubo ye-gamete intrafallopian ukudlulisa (GIFT) inqubo yokwelapha inzalo efana ne-IVF. Kulo, owesifazane ngokuvamile uthatha izidakamizwa zokuzala ukugqugquzela ama-ovaries akhe. Amaqanda ayo atholakala emaqanda ama-ovari ngenaliti eqondiswa yi-ultrasound.

Kodwa ngokungafani ne-IVF, ukukhulelwa kweqanda akukwenzeki ebhodini. Esikhundleni salokho, iqanda nesidoda zidluliselwa emathinini omzimba , lapho ukuvuthwa kwakuvame khona.

Ngenxa yezinga eliphansi lokuphumelela kanye nokuphazamiseka kwenqubo, i-GIFT ayitholakali eyenziwa namhlanje.

Ubuchwepheshe obusha bomkhiqizo bungenza ukukhulelwa ngaphakathi komzimba kutholakale kuyo yonke imibhangqwana ye-IVF.

Idivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi i-AneVivo okwamanje ithuthukiswa e-United Kingdom. Yamukelwa yi-Human Fertilization kanye ne-Embryology Authority (HFEA) ngoSepthemba ka-2015.

Abacwaningi abathintekayo ekuthuthukiseni idivayisi entsha bakholelwa ukuthi impilo ye-embryo ingathuthukiswa uma ama-embryo achitha isikhathi esincane ebhodini kanye nesikhathi esiningi emvelweni wemvelo.

Le nqubo entsha ihilela ukufaka amaqanda namaqanda ngaphakathi kwe-capsule encane kakhulu. (I-capsule ingamamentimitha amabili ubude futhi i-millimeter eyodwa ububanzi.)

Le capsule idluliselwa esibelethweni amahora angu-24. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngethemba lokuthi, ukukhulelwa kuzokwenzeka.

Ngemuva kwesikhathi esimisiwe, i-capsule isusiwe. Odokotela bavula i-capsule bese ukhetha imibungu enempilo ukuze idluliselwe esibelethweni.

Akukona kuphela ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obusha buzokwazi ukuxazulula ukukhathazeka kwezenkolo (kwabanye), kungase kuhlinzeke futhi indawo engokwemvelo yokukhulelwe.

Kuzophinde kuvumele abesifazane ukuba nakho kokukhulelwa kwenzeke ngaphakathi emzimbeni wabo.

Okunye ukwelashwa kwe-IVF namuhla:

_Imithombo:

_{I-Bavarian BD1.} _{"Umlando wokuqala we-in vitro fertilization." Ukukhiqizwa .} _{2002 Aug; 124 (2): 181-96.} _{http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/124/2/181.long}

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