Imithetho yokuphepha evikela izingane zethu, njengezimoto zokuhlala emotweni, zingahluka kuye ngokuthi uhlalaphi. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma kuphephile kakhulu ukugcina izingane zakho ezihlalweni zezinkinobho kuze kube yilapho zineminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ubudala esimweni esisodwa, akufanele yini kube ngumkhuba ojwayelekile kuyo yonke indawo?
Ukuqonda imithetho yokuphepha esifundazweni sakho kungakusiza uqiniseke ukuthi uyabalandela kodwa kungakusiza ukuthi uthole imithetho ishintshwe uma ingahambelani namazinga aphezulu kwamanye amazwe.
Imithetho Yokuphepha Kwezimoto
Kuwo wonke imithetho yokuphepha kahulumeni, abazali bavame ukujwayele imithetho yezimoto zabo zombuso - mhlawumbe ngisho nangokweziqondiso zakamuva zokuhlala emotweni ezivela e-American Academy of Pediatrics, ezincoma ukuthi izinsana nezinsana zigibele emotweni ebheke phambili bahlezi esihlalweni semoto kuze kube yilapho beneminyaka emibili noma baze bafinyelele isisindo nokuphakama kwemikhawulo yemoto yabo.
Babuye batusa ukuthi izinsana nabasenkulisa kufanele bahlale esihlalweni semoto esibhekene naso ngaphambili bephethe ama-harness straps esihlalweni sangasemuva isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka futhi baze bafinyelele isisindo nokuphakama kwemikhawulo yemoto yabo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, izingane zasenkulisa ezindala nezinsuku ezifunda esikoleni kufanele zithuthele esihlalweni sobukhulu besikhwameni lapho zifinyelela isisindo sokuphakama nokuphakama kwesigqoko sezinyawo zabo ezibheke phambili.
Izingane ezineminyaka esikhulile esikoleni akufanele zihanjiswe emabhantshini abahlala njalo kuze kube yilapho "zikhulile ngokwanele futhi zikhulu ngokwanele" zamabhande esihlalo ukuze zivikeleke ngokufanele, okuvame ukuba zingakaze zide ngamamitha angu-57 ubude futhi phakathi kweminyaka engu-8 no-12 ubudala.
Izingane kufanele ziqhubeke ukuhlala esihlalweni sangemuva kuze kube yilapho zingenani iminyaka engu-13 ubudala
Ngeshwa, amazwe amaningi asasebenza ukuze aqhubeke nemikhombandlela yokuhlala emotweni yangaphambili futhi amaningi anamazinga angaphansi kwezinguquko zakamuva ze-AAP. Eqinisweni, amazwe amaningana awadingi ukuthi izingane zihlale esihlalweni sezinkinobho kuze kube yilapho zingenani iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ubudala, okungenani kufanele zibe yindinganiso encane.
Khumbula ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yimiphi imithetho yakho yokugcina imoto yemoto, kufanele uvame ukulandela imihlahlandlela yokugcina imoto ye- AAP ukuze ugcine izingane zakho ziphephile.
Eminye Imithetho Yokuphepha Kwezimoto Ezibalulekile
- Imithetho Yokuqoqa Amaloli: Nakuba i-AAP itusa ukuthi izingane zingalokothi zivunyelwe ukugibela endaweni yezimpahla zeloli, i-state eminingi ayinayo imingcele kubantwana noma kwentsha egibele ezindaweni eziphethe imoto yamaloli.
- Imithetho Yesikhwama Sebhasi Yesikole: Izifunda eziyisithupha kuphela (eCalifornia, eTexas, eFlorida, eLouisana, eNew Jersey naseNew York) zidinga amabhande esikhwameni esikoleni.
- Imithetho Yefoni Yamaselula: Amazwe ayisishiyagalolunye (kufaka phakathi eCalifornia, Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Nevada, New Jersey, eNew York, e-Oregon, e-Utah naseWashington) kanye nesifunda sase-Columbia ukuvimbela ukukhuluma ngomakhalekhukhwini ophethe ngesandla ngenkathi ushayela, futhi abaningi ukuthunyelwa okuningi kokuvinjelwa. Khumbula ukuthi ukusetshenziswa komakhalekhukhwini nokuthumela imiyalezo ngesikhathi ushayela kuyisiphazamiso esikhulu, ngakho-ke ungenzi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umthetho wakho usho ukuthini manje.
- Imithetho Yokunikezwa Imvume Yokuqeqesha: Zonke iziqu zinomthetho othile wokutholwa kwelayisensi yokushayela (GDL), kodwa akukho okuhlangabezana nezidingo ezingezansi ze-Safe Teen no-Novice Driver Uniform Protection Act ( UMTHETHO WOMTHETHO ). Khumbula ukuthi intsha inezinga eliphakeme lokushayeka nokuthi imithetho ye-GDL inciphisa ukuphazamiseka.
- Izingane ezingalindelekile ezimotweni: Ngokumangazayo, nakuba izingane ezingaphezu kuka-200 ngonyaka zifa uma zikhohliwe noma zingashiywa zingalindelwe ezimotweni ezishisayo, ngaphansi kwezingxenye zonke amazwe empeleni kunemithetho yokulwa nokushiya izingane zodwa emotweni.
Umthetho okhishwe yi-National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) udinga ukubuyela emuva kwamakhamera kuzo zonke izimoto zabagibeli ngoMeyi 2016 ukuqeda indawo eyimpumputhe yangemuva futhi unciphise inani lezigameko nezinhlekelele ze-backover. Njengoba lezi zibuko zingakabi khona kuzo zonke izimoto noma amaloli, ungakhohlwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imoto yakho entsha inekhamera yokubuka ngemuva uma uyithenga.
Njengemithetho yangaphambilini yokuphepha emotweni, abakhiqizi bemoto abazange baqalise izindlela ezintsha zokuphepha emotweni kuze kube yilapho bebekelwe umthetho ukuba benze kanjalo, yingakho umthetho wekhamera wokubuka ubheke kubalulekile. Isibonelo, izimoto ezimbalwa kuphela zinezindlela zangaphakathi zokungena kwetraki noma amafasitela anamandla okuphepha kuze kube yilapho imithetho iqala ukusebenza ukunciphisa inani lezigameko nezinhlekelele ezihamba ngezimoto.
Imithetho Yokuphepha Kwezingane
Nakuba bengakutholi ukunakekelwa okuningi, kuneminye imithetho eminingi yokuphepha yengane engakwazi ukuvikela izingane zethu futhi sinciphise inani eliphezulu lezingozi nezinhlekelele thina, ngeshwa, ukuzwa ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Eminye yale mithetho yokuphepha yengane, engafani nomfaniswano kusuka kumbuso kuya kumbuso, faka:
- Imithetho ye-Helmet ye-Helmet: Okungaphansi kwesigamu sezwe kudinga imithetho yama-helmese ye-helmet yabashayeli abasha
- Imithetho Yokuphepha Ye-Gun ( Imithetho Yokuvimbela Ukutholakala Kwabantwana kanye Nemithetho Yokugcina Yokuphepha ): Amaphesenti angaphezu kwesigamu anemithetho yezibhamu zombuso eziphethe abanikazi bezibhamu abathintekayo uma izingane zifinyelela izibhamu ezingaphephile. Kungasiza uma wonke umbuso ugibele.
- Imithetho Yokuphepha ye-ATV: Nakuba cishe wonke amazwe anezinhlobo ezithile zemithetho yokuphepha kwe-ATV, akekho okunye okungahambisani nezincomo ze-ATV zokuphepha ze-American Academy of Pediatrics. I-AAP isekela imithetho "evimbela ukusetshenziswa kwe-ATVs, on-or-off-road, izingane kanye nentsha engaphansi kweminyaka engu-16."
- I-Carbon Monoxide Detectors: Nakuba cishe ingxenye yesihlanu yemithetho inezimiso ezidinga ukumiswa kweziboni ze- carbon monoxide ezakhiweni ezithile, lokho akusho ukuthi ngisho nabantu bonke kulawo mazwe bavikelekile ku-carbon monoxide, nemithetho eminingi isebenza ekwakhiweni okusha kokuhlala. Imithetho eqinile isebenza kuzo zonke izakhiwo zokuqasha ngisho nasezindlini ezindala, uma kusetshenziswe inhlawulo uma kuthengiswa noma kudluliselwa komunye umuntu futhi kungahambisani nomthetho.
- Izibhamu: Iningi lamazwe livumela ezinye noma zonke izibhamu. Khumbula ukuthi imithetho yangasese yomlilo ingase ibe neminye imikhawulo ekusetshenzisweni kwezibhamu lapho uhlala khona nokuthi i-American Academy of Pediatrics iphikisana nokusetshenziswa kwezibhamu zomuntu siqu futhi esikhundleni salokho ikhuthaza abazali ukuba bathathe izingane zabo emisebenzini yezibhamu ezisebenzayo.
- Ukubika Ukuhlukunyezwa Kwezingane: Nakuba wonke amazwe enemithetho yokubika yokugunyaza ukuhlukunyezwa kwezingane nokungahoxiswa, leyo mithetho yezwe iyahlukahluka kulokho okudingekayo ukuba enze leyo mibiko futhi obani okufanele babike ukuhlukunyezwa. Okumbalwa kunezingxenye zezwe kudinga bonke abantu ukuthi babike ukuhlukunyezwa, kanti kwabanye abanye abantu abathile emisebenzini ethile, njengabasebenzi bezenhlalakahle, othisha, odokotela nabasebenzi bokunakekela izingane, kumele babike ukuhlukumeza.
- Imithetho Yokuphepha Yokuphepha: Wonke ama-50 athi manje uneMithetho Yokuphepha Yokuphepha , ne-Nebraska ibe yisimo sokugcina sokumisa umthetho wabo, okuvumela umzali wengane engadingeki ukuba ashiye umntwana enomhlinzeki ophephile ngaphandle kwemiphumela uma ingane isenayo hhayi ukuxhashazwa noma ukunganakwa. Imithetho iyahlukahluka ukuthi ingane ingakanani (izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezingu-30), ngubani ongashiya umntwana, nalapho ingane ingasala khona (esibhedlela ngokumelene namaphoyisa, iziteshi zomlilo, isonto, njll).
- Imithetho Yokuvimbela Ukuhlukumezeka: Zonke izizwe zinomthetho othile wokulwa nokuxhashazwa. Imithetho engcono kakhulu yokulwa nokuhlukunyezwa, njengalezo ezenziwe e-Delaware naseMassachusetts, zinemibandela yokuthola ukwelulekwa nokuxhunyaniswa kwe-cyberbullying.
- Imithetho Yokucwenga I-Pool Pool: I-US Commissioner Safety Commission Commission (CPSC) inikeza incwadi ngesandla ngeziqondiso zokuvimbela izikhumba ezihloswe ukuvimbela izingane ukuba zingene emachibini nama-spas, futhi i-Virginia Graeme Baker Pool ne-Spa Safety Act ka-2008 inikeze izibonelelo zokukhuthaza isimo imithetho yokuphepha echibini okumelwe yenziwe, kodwa bambalwa abanemithetho ephelele edingayo izizinda zamanzi.
- Ukuphepha kwamanzi: Kunezibalo eziningana ezidinga ukuthi izingane zigqoke idivayisi ye-flotation yomuntu evunyelwe i-Coast Guard ezikebheni nasemanzini.
Imithetho Yakho Yokuphepha Yengane Yombuso Yakho?
Nakuba ungasebenza ukuze uthuthukise imithetho yokuphepha yengane esifundazweni sakho, ungaphinda ulandele imihlahlandlela yokuphepha engcono kunezindinganisweni ezincane. Beka ucingo elizungeze i-pool yakho yangasese, uvale izibhamu zakho ngokuphepha bese ufaka umtshina we-carbon monoxide ekhaya lakho, noma ngabe imithetho yezwe ayidingi ukuba wenze kanjalo.
Imithombo
Isitatimende Somgomo Wezemfundo yase-American Academy. Ukuphepha kwabamnyama kwabantwana. Izifo zengqondo 2011; 127: 788-793.
I-Governors Highway Safety Association. Imithetho Yokuphepha Yezingane.
I-Insurance Institute ye-Highway Safety. Imithetho Nemigomo.
Inkomfa kaZwelonke yeziNyunyana zoMbuso. I-Carbon Monoxide Detectors Izitatimende Zombuso.
Safe Kids USA. Imithetho Yokuphepha.