Ukuthola ukunakekelwa kwezingane nokukhwabanisa kuyinkinga yabazali abaningi abasebenzayo njengoba izindleko zokunakekela izingane zanda kakhulu eminyakeni engamashumi embalwa edlule. Ngokusho kwe-Child Care Aware yaseMelika, ukunakekelwa kwengane "akunakugwenywa" emazweni angu-49, ngokuvamile okudlula izindleko zemfundo yasekolishi, izindlu, ukuthutha, noma ukudla.
Ukuntuleka kokunakekelwa kwengane okungathembeki, okungabizi kakhulu kubangela ukuthi imindeni eminingi ikhethe imithombo ephansi engahlelekile yokunakekelwa ngezikhungo zokunakekelwa kwezinsuku ezihlelekile noma yenza ukuba imindeni ikhethe ukuhlala ngemali engenayo.
Zombili izinqumo zingaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu empilweni nenhlalakahle yemindeni yaseMelika.
Ngo-2017, isilinganiso sezindleko zokunakekelwa kwesikhashana esigcwele e-United States kwakungu-$ 9,589 ngonyaka, okuyizingxenye ezingu-18 zemali engenayo yemindeni yasemakhaya kanye nengxenye yesithathu yemali engenayo yokuthola umholo omncane owodwa. Ukunakekelwa kwangaphakathi ekhaya kuza ngezindleko ezinkulu. Izindleko ezijwayelekile zomhlinzeki wesikhathi esigcwele-ekhaya noma nanny ingu- $ 28,353 ngonyaka.
Ngomthamo wokunakekelwa kwengane okubiza izindleko eziningi njengamakholeji athile, abazali basala banokukhetha okuncane. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukunakekelwa kwezingane eziphakeme kakhulu kuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa kobuchopho ngaphandle kwalokhu, izingane zingase zihlupheke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abazali abenza isinqumo sokuyeka ukusebenza ngenxa yokuthi abakwazi ukukhokhela ukunakekelwa kwezingane banomthelela kubasebenzi kanye nokuzuza kwabo konke okusemandleni abo okuphila.
Ukushintsha Ukunakekelwa Kwezingane
Ngesikhathi somkhankaso kaMengameli we-Donald Trump sika-2016, uhlelo lwakhe lokuthuthukisa izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezingane lubonakala luthembisa futhi lunenzuzo kubazali abaningi baseMelika.
Amaphuzu akhe amakhulu ahlanganisa:
- Ukubhala kabusha ikhodi yentela ukuvumela abazali abasebenza ukukhipha izindleko zokunakekelwa kwengane kusuka intela yabo engenayo kuze kube yizingane ezine nabaxhomekile asebekhulile.
- Vumela abazali ukuba babhalise ama-akhawunti wokulondoloza ukunakekelwa kwabathengi abangenayo intela kubantwana babo noma izihlobo ezikhulile.
- Ukuhlinzeka ngemindeni ephansi engenayo i-Income Tax Income Tax Income ngefomu lokukhokhelwa kwezingane kanye nomnikelo olinganayo we-$ 500 we-akhawunti yabo yokulondoloza.
- Ukwakha izikhuthazo kubaqashi ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lwezingane emsebenzini.
- Ukuhlinzeka amaviki ayisithupha eholide elikhokhelwayo kumama omusha ngaphambi kokubuyela emsebenzini.
Kwabikwa futhi ukuthi indodakazi kaMongameli uDonald Trump, u-Ivanka, wahlangana nalokhu ukuwa namalungu eNkomfa ukuxoxa ngomthetho wokunakekela izingane.
Intela Yokunakekela Abantwana Ehlongozwayo
Ngaphansi kokusikisela kukaTrump, izikweletu zakho zentela yokunakekelwa kwengane zixhomeke kulokho ohlala khona. Kodwa ingabe intela yokunakekelwa kwengane inqunywe kuwo wonke amazwe? Izikweletu zentela zokunakekelwa kwengane ziyatholakala emazweni angu-26, kuhlanganise neWashington DC, ngokweNational Women's Law Center. Izikweletu zokunakekela izingane ezibuyiselwayo zihlinzeka emazweni angu-12. Amazwe anganikeli ngesikweletu sentela yokunakekela izingane yi-Alabama, i-Illinois, ne-New Jersey.
Ngo-2017, umkhawulo wokuthola imali kulabo abafaka intela yesikweletu sentela yengane ngu-$ 55,000 emibhangqweni eshadile yokufaka ngokwehlukana; $ 75,000 kubantu ngabanye, no-$ 110,000 kumibhangqwana eshadile efaka ndawonye. Uhlelo lweTrump, lwandisa umkhawulo wemali engenayo ku-$ 250,000 kubantu ngabanye kanye no-$ 500,000 emibhangqweni eshadile.
Abazali bayoba nethuba lokukhipha izindleko zokunakekelwa kwengane emithwalweni yabo yentela, okuyinto isinyathelo esifanele. I-Trump iphinde ihlongozwe ukukhishwa kwama-$ 5,000 ukuze kunakekelwe izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-13 ubudala.
Imindeni ehola imali engaphezu kuka-$ 250,000 ngonyaka ayizuzi kuloluhlelo. Imindeni ingaqala futhi i-Akhawunti Yokugcinwa Kokunakekelwa Kwezokuxhaswa, efaka isandla esiphezulu semali engu-$ 2,000 ngonyaka. I-Trump iphakamisa ukusiza imindeni ephansi engenayo ngokuhlinzeka ngamaphesenti angu-50 kufika ku-$ 1,000 ngonyaka.
Ikhefu lokuMama elikhokhelwayo elikhokhelwayo
Enye inkinga ebalulekile kubazali ikhokhelwa umndeni. Umthetho we-Federal Family and Medical Leave Act uvumela abantu ukuba bangakhokhelwa ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kwengane noma ukutholwa, noma ukuze banakekele wena noma umndeni uma ukugula kuhlasela, noma kunjalo, akukho inqubomgomo ekhokhwayo yokukhokha ekhona.
Izizwe zizama izinhlelo zabo zokuhlinzeka ngekhefu elikhokhelwayo. I-California yakha uhlelo ngo-2004 naseNew Jersey, e-Rhode Island, eNew York, naseSifunda saseColombia futhi idale ikhefu elikhokhelwe. Ucwaningo ngezinhlelo zikahulumeni ezikhona zathola ukuthi abazali baningi amathuba okubuyela emsebenzini ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane uma bekwazi ukuthola ikhefu elikhokhelwayo ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Izifundo zithole ukuthi ikhefu elikhokhelwayo likhuthaza impilo nenhlalakahle yomama nomntwana.
Esiphakamisweni sokunakekelwa kwengane yakhe, uTump waveza uhlelo oluzovumela amasonto ayisithupha ikhefu lokubeletha elivunyelwe kancane kancane. akazange akhulume ngekhefu lomkhaya elikhokhelwayo noma ikhefu lomndeni . Isiphakamiso sikaTrump singaphezu kwalokho abanye besifazane abakuthola okwamanje, kodwa amasonto ayisithupha yisikhathi esifushane kakhulu lapho ekhulisa usana.
Yini abazali abayenzayo uma kufanele bathole ukunakekelwa kwezingane ngemuva kokuba lawo masonto ayisithupha sebephelile? Abazali abenza imali eyaneleyo yokuzuza ezinkambisweni zentela (imindeni eshadile etholakalayo $ 62,400 noma $ 31,200 emindenini yasendlini eyodwa), ingathola isaphulelo sokunakekela izingane ngaphansi kweKhokhelwa Yentela Yemali Eyitholile.
Iziphakamiso eziningi zikaTrump azizuzisi ngokwanele imindeni ephansi engenayo. Isidingo sinezimbini: imindeni idinga ukunciphisa izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezingane, kodwa futhi idinga izinketho zokunakekela izingane ngendlela efanele ukuze abazali bangene kabusha abasebenzi ngokuzethemba. Lokhu kuzothuthukisa amazinga e-America-productivity amazinga, okubalulekile kumaRiphablikhi.
Esinye isici esihle esivela kwingxoxo yokunakekela izingane ukuthi abaseMelika baqaphela ukubaluleka kokuthuthukiswa kwengane. Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zabaphenduli e-2016 i-poll evezwe ukuzalwa kuze kube yiminyaka emihlanu njengenkathi ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ikhono lomntwana lokufunda. Amaphesenti angu-82 amaRiphabhuliki, amaphesenti angu-86 abazimele kanye namaphesenti angu-98 amaDemokhrasi athi "ukwenza imfundo yokuqala kanye nokunakekelwa kwengane kube lula kakhulu kubazali abasebenza ukunikeza izingane isiqalo esiqinile" kubalulekile ekuphumeleleni kwezwe lethu.
Ukukhathazeka kwabazali
Izingxenye zomthetho ohlongozwayo kaTrump zibonakala zihle futhi zinethemba. UnguMongameli wokuqala weRiphabhulikhi ukuxoxa ngekhefu elikhokhelwayo, kodwa ngokufaka ikhefu ngabesifazane kuphela, abanye banomuzwa wokuthi uqinisa ukungahambisani nobulili. Akalokothi akhulume ngabazali abamukelayo noma imibhangqwana efana nabo bobulili obufanayo ekuphakamisweni kwekhefu lokukhokha.
Okunye okukhathazayo kuhilela ukunakekelwa kwezingane emindenini ephansi engenayo kanye nokuthi ukudonsa intela kuzosiza kanjani. Inkinga ngokuncitshiswa ukuthi ukuthi iyoba yinzuzo yentela emindenini ehola imali engenayo ngenkathi ingahlinzeki usizo kulawo mindeni ephansi engenayo ngoba ayinayo inkokhelo yentela. Okunye Ukuchazwa Kwentela Yentela Yomntwana noma I-Income Tax Income Credit iyozuzisa yonke imindeni efanelekayo nezingane, ngisho nalabo abanomzali ohlala ekhaya kanye nezindleko zokunakekela izingane.
Lena umbono othakazelisayo newusha kumama omama ahlala ekhaya futhi ukhombisa ukuthi iTrump ibheka ukunakekela izingane njengomsebenzi. Kodwa uma imindeni ephansi engenayo iphoqeleka ukuba ibuyele emsebenzini ukuze ithole ezinye izinzuzo zikahulumeni, ke ukuhlala ekhaya cishe akunakukhetha. Ngakho, ingabe lokhu kusiza ngempela imindeni engenayo imali engenayo nhlobo?
Ukwenza ukunakekelwa kwezingane ezinempilo kufinyeleleke kubazali abaphakathi nabaphansi abazokwenza ukuba bahlale bebasebenzi ngenkathi behlinzeka izingane zabo ezincane isisekelo esihle, esiphephile futhi esiphuthumayo-okunye okudingekayo wonke amaMelika.