Emashumini eminyaka yakamuva abone ukukhuphuka kwezikole zokucwiliswa kwamanye amazwe, lapho abafundi bafundiswa khona ulimi lwesibili njengengxenye yesikole esikoleni esijwayelekile. Ngokuvamile, umgomo wukuthi abafundi bazoba izikhulumi ezikhululekayo zolimi oluvamile emphakathini wabo (ngokuvamile isiNgisi e-US) nolimi olukhethiwe lwesikole.
Yiziphi Izikole Zokungenisa Ngaphandle Izilimi?
Izikole zokuzihlanza ulimi lwangaphandle zivame ukuba nezikole zomphakathi ezizikhethelayo .
Lezi zikole zingathandwa kakhulu ngabazali, futhi zinezinhlu zokulinda kanye nama-lottery ukuze zithole ukuthi yiziphi izingane ezingeniswa esikoleni. Lezi zikole ezivame ukufunwa ngabazali.
Ezinye izifunda zesikole zikhethe ukwenza isikole somphakathi esendaweni yomphakathi isikole sokuhlanza ulimi. Kulesi simo, zonke izingane ezihlala ngaphakathi kwemingcele yesikole zingase zifike esikoleni. Uma isikole sakho sendawo siyisikole sokuhlanza ulimi, ungase ube nokukhathazeka okukhulu ngalokhu okukhethayo ingane yakho. Uma ungazikhetheli ukuthi ingane yakho ikhethele ukuya esikoleni ngenhloso yokuthola ikhaya ngaphakathi, ungase uzibuze ukuthi yiziphi izinzuzo zesikole sokuhlanza ulimi.
Olunye uhlobo lwesikolo sokucwiliswa kolwimi olulodwa luhloselwe ukusekela isiko lendawo. Lezi zikole zikhona emhlabeni jikelele. Izibonelo ezimbalwa yizikole zamasiko aseGaelic e-Ireland, izikole zolimi lwaseMaori eNew Zealand kanye nezikole zaseMelika zaseNdiya nase-Alaska Native ezisezindaweni zasemakhaya zaseMelika West.
Lezi zikole zivame ukuba nesamba esikhulu sokusekelwa komphakathi.
Izinzuzo zivame ukubonakala kumalungu alawa amasiko, kodwa angeke zibonakale kubazali bezingane abangewona amalungu amasiko futhi abahlose ukuhlala behlala njalo phakathi kwesiko lendawo.
Ingabe Izinyathelo Ezingama-Bilingual Zinezizathu Eziveziwe?
Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukutadisha ulimi lwesibili kuzokwenza ingane yakho ihlakaniphe ngezinye izindlela.
Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi i-Bilingual Benevantage Hypothesis. Okuyiqiniso ukuthi ucwaningo lwesayensi alusekeli ngokucacile i-hypothesis.
"Ubufakazi buxutshwe kahle kakhulu, futhi ubufakazi obunye bubonisa ukuthi ezinganeni ezincane azikho ubufakazi obuqinile bokusekela lelo cwaningo," kusho uDkt. Erik Pakulak, umcwaningi wezingane ze-neuroscience e-University of Oregon Brain Development Lab. UDkt. Pakulak uthe futhi "Ngingathanda ukuphenduka ngokushesha ngithi kunezizathu eziningi ezinhle, kokubili ngokwesayensi nangokwemvelo, ngokufunda ulimi lwesibili ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuthi lokhu akusho ukuthi akufanele ucabange isikole sokucwiliswa. "
Yiziphi ezinye izinzuzo ezizokwenza ukuthi iSikole Sokucwiliswa Sizuze?
Izwe lethu liyashintsha njalo. Ukwandiswa kwembulunga yonke kanye nokunethezeka esinokuxhumana ngakho namhlanje kuzoholela esikhathini esizayo lapho ukukhulumisana kwezamasiko kuzokhula khona kuphela. Ukufunda ulimi lwesibili nokufunda esinye isiko ngokujula kunganikeza amakhono asebenzayo emsebenzini.
Amabhizinisi azodinga abasebenzi abangayiqondi kuphela ulimi oluthile lwemakethe kodwa futhi nokuthi isiko lithinta kanjani isidingo somkhiqizo noma isevisi. Abasebenzi abaqashiwe emkhakheni wezokwelapha bazodinga ukuxhumana nabahambi noma abantu abasanda kufika esizweni.
Abacwaningi kuzodingeka bahlanganyele nabalingani babo bezinye izizwe.
Izingane ezifunda ngamanye amasiko ziyakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukuzwelana okukhulu kwabanye. Ukufunda ngesinye isiko kunika amafasitela ukuthi abanye babheka kanjani futhi bahlobanise nezwe elibazungezile. Ingane yakho izofunda ukuthi abanye abantu bangase bahlobanise nezwe ngokuhlukile. Lolu lwazi lungasiza ingane yakho ukuba ibhubhe ukungezwani phakathi kwabantu.
Ukwazi ulimi lwesibili kungabuye kube yisibindi sokuzethemba kwengane. Ukufunda ulimi lwesibili yikhono elithatha isikhathi esiningi nokusebenza. Izingane ezihlangabezana nokuzuza ekuzinikeleni isikhathi nokuzama ukuthola ikhono zikhuthaza ukukhula kwengqondo , okudala ukuqina.
Ukufunda ulimi lwesibili ngesikhathi sokuqala kunokwenzeka futhi kuzonikeza ingane yakho ithuba elikhulu kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ikhono lokukhuluma ngokushelelayo nokukhuluma njengendawo. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi ingane yangaphambili isetshenziswe ngolwimi, cishe ingane izobe ikwazi ukunciphisa ukugcizelela kwazo futhi ifunde ukucabangela kolimi lwesibili.
Kuthiwani Uma Ingane Yakho Inesidingo Esikhethekile Noma Esikhethekile?
Uma ingane yakho inesidingo esikhethekile noma ukukhubazeka kokufunda, ungase uzibuze ukuthi isikole sokuhlanza ulimi siyinhle yini kubo. Ngenkathi ingane ngayinye ihlukile, nanka ezinye izinselele ezinselele ezahlukene:
- Izinkinga zokukhuluma: Ukubuyekezwa kocwaningo luka-2010 okwakushicilelwe kuyi- Journal of Applied Psycholinguistics kusikisela ukuthi izingane ezinezimo zokukhuluma nokukhubazeka ngamagama amazinga afanayo okuphumelela njengezingane ezijwayelekile ezikoleni zokucwiliswa kwezilimi.
- Ukuzwa izinto : Ingabe ingane yakho izokwazi ukuzwa umehluko phakathi kolimi lwabo lokuqala nolwesibili? Ukukwazi ukuhlukanisa imisindo kanye nemibono phakathi kwezilimi ngokuvamile kuvame ukuba yizilimi eziningi. Ungase ufise ukukhuluma nochwepheshe bezingane zakho ukuze uqondisise ngokwengeziwe noma ukuphakamisa ukuguqulwa okungase kusekele ingane yakho esikoleni sesibili solimi.
- Izimpikiswano zomsebenzi wokuphatha: Ucwaningo oluthile luye lwaphakamisa ukuthi izingane ezilimi ezimbili zithuthukise ukusebenza okuphezulu. Lokhu kungaphakamisa nokuthi abantwana abanezimpikiswano eziphezulu zokusebenza bangase bazuze ekufundeni ulimi lwesibili njengendlela yokwakha kumakhono okusebenza aphezulu. Noma kunjalo, uhlelo lokubhapathiza lungabonakala lukhulu kakhulu kwezinye izingane ezine-ADHD noma ezinye izinkinga ezisebenzayo eziphezulu. Ungathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe ngesikole nokuthi bazohlangabezana kanjani nezidingo ezithile zomntwana wakho .
- Abafundi besiNgisi Abafundi : Idatha eyabika nguJennifer Steele e-American Educational Research Journal ibonisa ukuthi abantwana be-English Language Learners ababengena esikoleni solimi lwesibili babengenakwenzeka ukuba bahlukaniswe njengabafundi belimi lwesiNgisi ngamazinga ebanga lesigaba esiphakathi. Le nzuzo yayidluliselwa kakhulu kubantwana abakulo ulimi lwabo lwabazali olululwimi lwesibili olunikezwa esikoleni. Lokho okusikisela ukuthi ukucwiliswa esikoleni kungaba nzuzo kubantwana abafunda isiNgisi njengesibili-noma ngisho nolimi lwesithathu.
Mayelana ne-IEPs kanye nezinhlelo ezingu-504 ezikoleni zokucwiliswa
Zonke izifunda zesikole ezixhaswe esidlangalaleni kumele zihlangabezane nezidingo zemfundo zabafundi nge-IEPs kanye namapulani angu-504, ngokusho komthetho wesifundazwe. Isikole sokuhlanza ulimi lomphakathi sizohlinzeka ngamasevisi nezindawo zokuhlala ngezidingo ezithile ezikhethekile. Uma unesithakazelo sokuthi ingane yakho e-IEP noma i-504 ibe khona esikoleni sokuhlanza ulimi lomphakathi, uzofuna ukuhlangana nabasebenzi besikole ukuthola ukuthi isikole singahlangabezana kanjani nezidingo zomntanakho. Izikhathi eziningi izikole zomphakathi zokuzikhethela zikwazi ukwabelana ngezidingo ngaphakathi kwesifunda esikoleni sendawo ukuze zamukele abafundi abanezidingo ezikhethekile.
Izikole zolimi ezimbili ezizimele azikho isibopho esingokomthetho sokusekela noma ukwamukela abafundi abadinga izidingo ezikhethekile. Ezinye izikole ezizimele zikhetha ukunikeza lezi zinsizakalo, noma zikwazi ngokukhethekile ukuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhethekile esithile. Uzofuna ukuthola ukuthi ngabe ingane yakho iyafaneleka yini ukungena nokuthi izidingo zabo zizofinyelelwa kanjani esikoleni.
Uma Isikole SokuLimi Akuyona Ikhethelo Elihle, Yimaphi Okunye Okukhona?
Uma unquma ukuthi isikole sokubili sokuhlanza ulimi akuyona inketho efanele kumntanakho, kodwa ungathanda izinzuzo ezivela ekutadisheni ulimi lwesibili, unezinketho ezengeziwe:
- Bheka amasiko namaqembu olimi endaweni yakho.
- Hlola izinhlelo zokusebenza zokufunda ulimi ezifana neDuolingo noma iziLimi zeMango.
- Funda ulimi lwesibili ngokwakho, bese wabelana ngalo nomntwana wakho ekhaya.
- Buka izinhlelo zethelevishini zezingane ezisezinye izilimi. Isibonelo, izinguqulo eziningana zangaphandle zeSesame Street zitholakala ukubuka mahhala ku-intanethi. Sesha ulimi lokuzikhethela ne "Sesame Street" ukuthola iziqephu.
Ukuthola Imiphumela Engcono Kokuphuma Esikoleni Sokucwiliswa
Umntanakho uzothola izinzuzo eziningi ezivela esikoleni sokucwiliswa kolwimi abasebancane. Khumbula ukuthi ngisho nabafundi esikoleni esiphakeme kanye nabantu abadala bazuza ngokutadisha ulimi lwangaphandle. Uma unomuzwa wokuthi isikole sokuhlanza ulimi sikhetha kahle ingane yakho, zizwe ukhululekile ukubhalisa ngesikhathi sokuqala.
Khumbula ukuthi usekela ukufundiswa kokubili kwezingane ezimbili. Akudingeki ukuthi ufunde kahle ulimi ukuze udale indawo enhle yokuhlala ekhaya ukufunda ulimi lwesibili. Bonisa isithakazelo esihle kulokho ingane yakho ifunda futhi ukhuthaze ingane yakho ukuba ihlanganyele nawe mayelana nosuku lwaso lwesikole.
Izikole eziningi zokucwiliswa kolwimi zinikela abazali ulwazi ngezindlela zokusekela ukufunda ulimi ekhaya. Ukufunda ubusuku bolwazi lomzali kanye nemisebenzi yamasiko emindeni egcinwe esikoleni kuzokusiza ufunde ukunikeza ukusekela okungcono kakhulu kwengane yakho.
Ngokuvamile, izikole zokuhlanza ulimi zizovumela abazali ukuba bazi ngezenzakalo zomphakathi ezingathuthukisa isipiliyoni solimi lwesibili. Isibonelo, kungase kube khona umkhosi wemasiko ohlobene emphakathini oseduze ukuthi umndeni wakho ungaba khona. Indawo yokudlela yasendaweni ingahlinzeka ngokudla kwamasiko nabasebenzi abakhuluma ulimi lwesibili. Othisha bengane yakho nabo bangakwazi ukuphakamisa ama-movie, izincwadi, kanye neminye imidiya umndeni wonke ongakujabulela ndawonye.
Izwi elivela ku-Verywell
Ukuba nengane ebhalisile ohlelweni lwezinhlobo ezimbili kungadinga ukuzibophezela emndenini wonke ukunikeza ukusekelwa okuhle esikoleni. Ngenhlanhla, ungabuye uzuze izinzuzo ngenkathi usisekela ingane yakho. Ngeke nje uhlanganyele emfundweni yengane yakho, ungafunda ulimi olusha namasiko. Izikolo zokucwiliswa kwezilimi ngokuvamile ziba nemiphakathi yabazali abaqinile ukuthi ungaba yingxenye.
> Bialystok E. IsiBilingualism ekuthuthukiseni: Ulimi, ukufunda nokubhala. ENew York: Cambridge University Press; 2001.
> Carlson, uStephanie M., no-Andrew N. Meltzoff. " Ukwaziswa kwezilimi ezimbili nokusebenza okuphezulu ezinganeni ezincane." Isayensi Yezokuthuthukiswa 11.2 (2008): 282-98.
> Duñabeitia JA, uHernández JA, Eneko A, et al. "Inzuzo Yokuvimbela Inzalo Ezinganeni Ezingama-2 ibuyiselwe." Psychology Yokuhlola 61.3 (2014): 234-51. Iwebhu.
> I-Paradis J, " Isixhumanisi esiphakathi kokuthuthukiswa kwezilimi ezimbili nokukhubazeka komlimi othize ." I-Applied Psycholinguistics 31.02 (2010): 227. Iwebhu.