Ngo-2013, uMongameli Obama uhlongoze ukwenza imfundo yasenkulisa esezingeni eliphezulu etholakala kuwo wonke umuntu oneminyaka emine e-United States. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, imfundo yasebuntwaneni isenkingxabano nabazali nabaqambi bomthetho. Ngonyaka we-2014-2015, izifunda ezingu-44 zanikeza ngemfundo engaphambi kwezingane ezisemakhaya eziqala eminyakeni engama-4. Ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-4, abazali banomthwalo wemali egcwele yezingane zasenkulisa.
Izindleko ze-Preschool
Izimali eziningi zasenkulisa zifana nezindleko eziphezulu zezikhungo zokunakekela izingane . Kuye lapho uhlala khona kanye nekhwalithi yezingane zasenkulisa, izindleko ezijwayelekile zivela ku-$ 4,460 kuya ku-13,158 ngonyaka ($ 372 kuya ku-$ 1,100 ngenyanga), ngokusho kweNational Association of Child Care Resource & Referral Agencies (NACCRRA). Emadolobheni, afana neNew York neBoston, isenkulisa yosuku olugcwele ingadla imali engaphezulu kwamaRandi angu-20 000 esikoleni somfundi esikoleni, ukushisa akufakiwe. Ezinye izikole zangaphambili zihlinzeka ngemuva kokunye kodwa ezinye ziphela ngaphambi kokuba abazali befika ekhaya bevela emsebenzini, okwenzela omunye umsizi noma umntanakho ubiza imali kwisabelomali.
Uma ungakwazi ukukhokhela izinkolo zasenkulisa, abazali abaningi basengabaza ngalokho izingane ezifunda esikoleni samabanga asekuqaleni nokuthi ngabe ingane yabo izobe isilungele inkulisa elandela imfundo yasenkulisa.
Yini Abantwana Abayifunayo Esikoleni Sokuqala?
Ukuthuthukiswa Komphakathi Nokuzizwela
Ezikoleni zasenkulisa, izingane zizofunda ukuqinisa ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi nezomzwelo.
Izingane zifunda ukuthi zingangcolisa kanjani, zihloniphe futhi zixazulule. Isikole samanje sinikeza imvelo izingane ukuba zihlolisise, zithole umuzwa wazo, zidlale nabangane bese zakha ukuzethemba. Izingane zifunda ukuthi zingafeza imisebenzi futhi zenze izinqumo ngaphandle kosizo lwabazali bazo.
Ukulungela Isikole
Ukuziphatha kokuziphatha kuyingxenye enkulu yokufunda zasenkulisa. Ezikoleni zasenkulisa, izingane zifunda ukuthi zingabafundi kanjani. Izingane zifunde ukubekezela, ukuphakamisa izandla nokuguquka. Izingane zifunda nokuthi zingabelane kanjani ngothisha. Izingane nazo zifunda ngomkhuba, ngokulandela izinkomba nokulinda. Amaprosesa asezingeni eliphezulu asiza izingane ukuthola izimpendulo ngokusebenzisa ukuhlola, ukuhlolwa, nokuxoxa. Ukuya ezikoleni zasenkulisa nakho kusiza izingane zifunde ukuhlukanisa nomzali noma umnakekeli wazo .
Khuthaza uLimi kanye namakhono okuQaphela
Amakhono olimi lwezingane anikezwe endaweni "ecebile ulimi". Esimweni sokufundela ekilasini, othisha basiza izingane ukuba ziqinise amakhono abo olimi ngokwethulwa kolwazi lwamagama ngesikhathi sokudweba, isikhathi sokudla, neminye imisebenzi. Othisha bahlanganyela abafundi ngemibono ekhuthaza ukucabanga ukuze banikeze izingane amathuba amaningi okufunda ulimi ngokucula, ukukhuluma ngezincwadi, nokudlala ngokudlala.
Izifundiswa
Emakhandeni angaphambi kokufunda nezibalo ngaphambi kokufunda nokubhala. Izingane zifundiswa izinombolo kanye nezinhlamvu, kodwa zifundiswa ngendlela ekhangayo ezinganeni ngaleso sikhathi. Izingane zihlabelela ingoma yezinhlamvu ngenkathi zilandela encwadini yezithombe noma zifunde imilolotelo kanye nezingoma, ezisiza ukuba zibone imisindo ehlukile emagama.
Othisha bafunda izindaba ezinganeni ukuze bakhuthaze ukulalela kwabo, ukuqonda, kanye namakhono abo okukhuluma ngokucacile. Ukufanisa imidlalo, ukuhlunga imidlalo nokubala imidlalo kudala ukuqonda kwezingane kwezinombolo, nokulandelana. Ukubeka i-puzzle ndawonye kukhuthaza izingane ukuba zibone amaphethini futhi zisebenze kumakhono wokuxazulula izinkinga.
Izingane zifunda kangcono ngemisebenzi abayithola ezithakazelisayo, njengezingoma, i-storytime, ne-play imaginative. Isikole samanje asikho mayelana nokufeza impumelelo yezifundo; kungokudala ingane enhle efuna ukuhlola futhi ibuze indawo ehlala kuyo. Ezikoleni zasenkulisa izingane zizothola ukuzethemba kwabo njengabafundi abanekhono nabazimele.
Ukusiqhenya
Esikhathini esandulela esikoleni, izingane zifunda ukuthi zingakwazi ukwenza izinto ngokwazo. Izingane zizofunda ukugeza izandla zabo, ukuya endlini yokugezela bese zithwala izicathulo zabo ngaphandle kokuba umuntu omdala azenzele zona. Izingane zingaba nemisebenzi yokufundela ekilasini futhi ziziqhenya ngokusiza eklasini. Ukufunda amakhono amasha kusiza ukwakha ukuzethemba.
Ikhwalithi yezemfundo esemncane ihlinzeka izingane ngekhono lokuqonda, lokuziphatha kanye nezenhlalakahle abangakwazi ukufunda ekhaya. Othisha bakuthola kulula ukufundisa ingane enemvelaphi ephakeme yezemfundo zasenkulisa ngamakhono olimi, ukuqonda ukulalela, amakhono okuphatha ukunakwa, kanye nesimo sengqondo esihle ngokufunda.
Ihlelwe nguJill Ceder