Ukuphuza Ngesikhathi Ukukhulelwa Kuthinta Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezingane
Naphezu kwazo zonke izixwayiso mayelana nokukhubazeka kokuzalwa noma ukukhubazeka okuthuthukisiwe okubangelwa ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi ukhulelwe, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi owesilisa kwabayishumi abakhulelwe baseMelika, abaneminyaka engu-18 kuya ku-44, ubika ukuthi uphuze utshwala ezinsukwini ezingu-30 zokugcina futhi cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kwabesifazane ababike ukuphuza ezinsukwini ezingu-30 zokugcina ukuphuza ngokweqile, ngokusho kweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention.
I-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
I-fetal alcohol syndrome (i-FAS) yisimo esiphila ngaso sonke isikhathi esibandakanya ukukhubazeka okungokwenyama nangokwengqondo, njengokuthi:
- izici zobuso ezingavamile
- ukukhubazeka kokukhula
- izinkinga zesistimu eziyinhloko
Ukuphazamiseka Kwezitshalo Ze-Fetal Alcohol
I-FAS ayifani kakhulu, eyenzeka ngo-0.5 kuya kwezingu-2.0 izikhathi zokuzalwa eziyinkulungwane e-United States kuphela. Kunezinye izimo ezikhubazeka kakhulu nezinkinga zokukhubazeka, ezaziwa ngokubambisana njengezifo zokuphuza utshwala (fetus alcohol spectrum disorders) (FASDs), ezenzeka cishe izikhathi ezintathu njengoFAS.
Nakhu eminye yemiphumela ethize yokungcola kotshwala kungakhula.
Izilinganiso ezingezansi ze-IQ
Ucwaningo eYunivesithi yasePittsburgh School of Medicine lwathola ukuthi izingane ezinomama ophuzwayo ngenkathi bekhulelwe, ngisho neziphuzo eziphuzayo eziphuzile, ezibhalwe phansi ezingaphansi kwe-10 ubudala, uma kuqhathaniswa nezingane zabo omama abangazange baphuze. Lokhu kwakuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezinganeni zase-Afrika naseMelika.
Usayizi Ubuncane Bobuningi
Amantombazane omama abo abaqhubeka bephuza kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa banama-skulls amancane kanye nobuchopho uma kuqhathaniswa nabantwana abanomama abangaphuzanga noma labo abayeka lapho bethola ukuthi bakhulelwe, isifundo se-University of New Mexico sitholiwe. Lezi zinsana nazo zazinama-cerebellums amancane, isifunda sobuchopho esihilelekile emisebenzini yengqondo, yezemoto kanye neyezinzwa.
Ukufunda, Ukukhubazeka Kwememori
Ukuphuza ngokweqile, ukuphuza ngokweqile noma ukuphuza okuncane kungathinta ukukwazi nokufunda kwengane yezingane futhi kubonakala kubantwana abanomama abaphuza abaphuza abaphuza, ngokusho kwesinye isifundo seYunivesithi yasePittsburgh School of Medicine.
Isisindo sokucubungula kancane
Ucwaningo lwe-Wayne State University lwathola ukuthi ukungcola kotshwala kungadala ukuqhutshwa kancane kancane nokunaka ngisho nasebuntwaneni kubantwana abaphuza ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Abacwaningi bathola lapho izinsana zingenakwazi ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kungabangela ukulahlekelwa okuqhubekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kubangele izikolo eziphansi ze-IQ nezinkinga zokufunda amakhono ayisisekelo okusebenza nokufundisa.
Izinkinga ezibonakalayo
Lapho izingane zinamanye izimpawu ze-FAS, zingase zibe nezinkinga nokubukeka kombono wazo. Izingane zabomama ababenokukhanya, abalinganiselayo noma abaphuza ngokweqile babe nomngcipheko omkhulu wokungaboni kahle.
Izingozi Zokubelethwa Ezisanda Kuzalwa
Ucwaningo lwe-Emory University lwamantombazane angu-872 oluthola ukuthi omama abaphuza ngokweqile nokubhema ugwayi babengase babelethe umntwana osanda kuzalwa. Ngisho nabomama ababengabhemi, kodwa bephuza utshwala, bekungenzeka ukuthi babe nezinsana ezinezifo.
Akukho Mkhawulo Ophephile Kokuphuza Utshwala Ngesikhathi Ukhulelwe
Ucwaningo lwesayensi olukhulunywe ngenhla nabanye abaningi lubonise ukuthi ukuphuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungaba nemiphumela emibi ezinganeni.
Yikuphi okukodwa kulezi zinsuku okuye kwaqaphela ukuthi kungakanani ukuphuza utshwala okudingekayo ukuze kutholakale imiphumela emibi. Ngakho-ke, okwamanje kunconywa ukuthi abesifazane bayeke ukuphuza ngokuphelele lapho bezwa ukuthi bakhulelwe noma uma bezama ukukhulelwa.
Imithombo:
Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. "Ukusetshenziswa Kotshwala Phakathi Kwabesifazane Abakhulelwe nabangapheli Abantwana Yokubeletha" E-United States, 1991--2005. "Ukubulawa Kwemithi Nokufa Kwamaviki onke. 21 Meyi 2009.
Umenzi wesandla, NS, et al, "Umthelela Wokuboniswa Kokuphuza Utshwala Emva kokukhulelwa Ukuqashelwa Ngezinyathelo Zokukhula Zomntwana We-Ultrasonographic Growth." Ukuphuza ngokweqile: Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha kanye nokuhlola. May 2006.
Latin-Martel, P. et al. "Ukusetshenziswa Kokuphuza Ngomama Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa Nengozi Yokuthola Ingculaza: Ukuhlolwa Okuhlelekile nokuhlaziywa kweMeta." I-Epidemiology ye-Cancer, i-Biomarkers & Prevention. Meyi 2010.
I-Willford, JA, et al, "Ukuboniswa Kokudakwa Kokubeletha Kwangaphambi Kokubeletha kanye Nesimo Sengqondo Sezingane ezineminyaka eyi-10." Ukuphuza ngokweqile: Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha kanye nokuhlola. Juni 2006.
I-Youngentob, SL, kanye. al. "Umphumela Wokuboniswa Kwama-Ethanol Wokugaya I-Ethanol Ukungenwa Kwe-Ethanol Ngokuzithandela Emaphakathini Okuqala Ukubeletha Nokudala (PDF)" I-Neuroscience Behavior. Disemba 2007.