Ingabe Kukhona Into Efana "Nomphumela We-Mozart?"
Abazali abaningi sebezwile igama elithi "Mozart Effect." Libhekisela emcabangweni wokuthi ukulalela nje umculo we-classic kungakhuphula ukuhlakanipha, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni. Inkolelo yavela ekutadisheni kuka-1993 okuholwa nguFrances Rauscher, Ph.D., lapho abacwaningi badlala khona i-Mozart piano sonata eqenjini elincane labafundi basekolishi bese becela ukuba baqede ukuhlolwa kwesimo sokucabanga.
Bese baqhathanisa le miphumela ngezibalo eziningi zokucubungula ezithathwe ngemuva kokulalela imizuzu engu-10 ye-tape yokuphumula noma ukuthula futhi bathole ukuthi leli qembu lidalulwe kuMoartart elilinganiselwe ngokulingana, nakuba lezi zindleko zokucabangisisa zahlala kuphela imizuzu engama-10 kuya kwangu-15.
Kusukela ekutholeni okuncane, abezindaba, abazali, ngisho nabamemezeli bezomthetho baqedile ukudlala umculo kumantfwana kanye nezingane kanye nabantu abadala babenza bahlakaniphe kakhulu (into uDkt Rauscher nabangane bakhe abazange bakuphakamise). Amabhuku, ama-CD, kanye neminye imikhiqizo yengane neyomntwana efaka okuthiwa "umphumela we-Mozart" yaba yinto ethandwa kakhulu. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ucwaningo oluthile luye lwahlola umqondo wokuthi ukudlala umculo othile wezingane zakudala kungabenza bahlakaniphe futhi bathole le mbono ukuba ingabonakali futhi ingasekelwa yibuphi ubufakazi obungokoqobo. Ucwaningo oluthile, kuhlanganise nephepha likaDisemba 2013 ngabacwaningi eHarvard University, lithole ukuthi umculo awuthuthukisi amakhono okuqonda kwengane.
Indaba yangempela yokuxhumanisa phakathi komculo nokufunda yinkimbinkimbi encane kunokuthi "i-Mozart yenza uhlakaniphe": Nakuba kungabonakali ubuhlobo obuqondile phakathi kokulalela noma ukufunda umculo we-classical nokunyuka kobuhlakani, ucwaningo lubonisiwe ukuthi kunezinzuzo eziningi ezicacile zokufunda ukudlala umculo.
Umculo nokufunda: Indaba Yomlando
Kulula ukubona ukuthi kungani abazali abaningi bezimisele ukukhokhela wonke lawo ma-CD omculo, amabhuku namavidiyo aqinisekisa izinzuzo ze-"Mozart Effect" - kwakuyisithembiso sokusizwa kwengqondo kubantwana babo abanomzamo omncane futhi akukho mzamo. Kodwa manje njengoba siyazi ukuthi akulona ukulingana okulula njengokuthi "ukulalela i-Mozart = ukukhushulwa kobuhlakani," kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi ucwaningo oluqinile lubonisa ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi komculo nokufunda - akukhona nje lokho esikucabangayo. Ukubeka eceleni okwesikhashana iqiniso lokuthi akukho "uhlakaniphile" olulodwa kumuntu ongalinganiswa nokuhlolwa okulodwa kwe- IQ (manje sekuyaziwa ukuthi "sinama-intelligences amaningi," kufaka phakathi i-intelligence musical), izifundo zibonisa ukuthi azikho ukuthi ukulalelisisa umculo we-classical okwenza uhlakaniphe; kungukuthi ukufunda komculo kuvula iminyango kwezinye izinto zokufunda futhi kuqinisa amakhono abantwana azosebenzisa konke ukuphila kwabo esikoleni nangaphezulu. Ezinye zezindlela eziningi umculo ungathuthukisa ukufunda kwezingane nentuthuko yonke:
- Ukhuthaza isiyalo (Benza ngezixhobo zabo, bafunde ukulungela izifundo nezifundo, futhi balandele amashejuli.)
- Ukwakha ukuzethemba
- Ikhuthaza ukuhlushwa
- Ithuthukisa ukusebenzisana
- Ikhuthaza inkumbulo
- Isiza ulimi lwenqubo yobunjiniyela bezingane
- Ithuthukisa amakhono wokufunda
- Ukwandisa isilulumagama
- Uhlukanisa injabulo (Ukwenza nokulalela umculo kungaba mnandi.)
- Ikhuthaza uthando lokufunda
- Inikeza izingane izindlela zokuveza ubuciko
- Inikeza izingane izinzuzo zomphakathi (Kuyindlela enhle yokuxhuma nabanye abaculi bese udlala ndawonye futhi ujabulele umculo ndawonye.)
Ezinganeni ezincane, umculo ubonakala udlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ulimi. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi umculo ubonakala uqinisa amakhono emvelo emantwaneni ukuze ahlaziye imisindo namagama. Umculo, ikakhulukazi ukufunda ukufunda nokudlala umculo, kubonakala sengathi uhlotshaniswa nenani lezinzuzo zezingane, kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziselwa ngcono ulimi nokuthuthukisa amakhono wokufunda .
Futhi indlela ingane eqhuba kahle ngayo izingxenye ze-sound-pitch, timing, kanye ne-timbre-ingaba kuhle kahle ukuthi ingane izofunda kahle kangakanani, ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwe nguNina Kraus, uF.D., uprofesa wezinzwa ze-neurobiology umqondisi we-Auditory Neuroscience Lab e-Northwestern. Isixhumanisi phakathi komculo nokufunda kucacile: Ukukwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemisindo efanayo efana ne "isikhwama" ne "gag" kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ulimi namakhono afana nokugcina isigqi aye axhunyaniswe nekhono lokufunda.
U-Kraus uphinde wabonisa ukuthi ukucubungula imisindo ebuchosheni kuyisilinganiso sokuthi ubuchopho buphilile kangakanani. Ukungakwazi ukucubungula imisindo, njengokukwazi ukuhlukanisa nokuzwa izwi lomngane endaweni enemisindo eminingi, njengendawo yokudlela enkulu noma iqembu, lingabonisa inkinga, njenge-autism noma ukubambezeleka kokufunda. Ucwaningo lubuye lubonise ukuthi izingane ezivela emiphakathini engezansi yezomnotho zingase zibe yinkinga; ubumpofu kanye nezinga lemfundo lomama baboniswa ukuthi baxhunyaniswe nekhono lomntwana lokucubungula umsindo.
Ukucwaninga kwi-Auditory Neuroscience Lab ibonise ukuthi abantu abadlala umculo bangase bazizwe kangcono ezindaweni ezingemnandi kunezo ezingadlali umculo. Imisindo esivela kuyo ukuguqula ubuchopho bethu, ngokusho kocwaningo ngendlela nje yokuzivocavoca kungasiza umzimba ukuba uphelele ngokomzimba, umculo ungasiza ubuchopho bufinyelele ekuziphatheni okuqinile, okuhlobene nezinzuzo eziningi zokufunda. Abacwaningi benza ukufanisa okuzwakalayo phakathi komculo nokusebenza komzimba: Njengoba nje ukuzivocavoca kubalulekile empilweni yangokwenyama, umculo udlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni ubuchopho ukuqina komzimba. Ukuqeqeshwa komculo ezinganeni kungadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amakhono abalulekile ezinganeni ezizozisiza ukuba zifunde, njengokulalela, ukunakekelwa, ukuhlushwa, ukukhumbula, nokukwazi ukufunda.
Indlela Yokuthola Umculo Omningi Ekuphileni Kwengane Yakho
Umlayezo okumele uwakhumbule ngomculo nokufunda yilokhu: Izingane akufanele zilindele ukulalela umculo ukuze zibenze kahle, kodwa kufanele siziveze kumculo ngoba kuhle ukuthuthukiswa kwazo jikelele. Yethula ingane yakho kumculo ohlukahlukene, kusukela ku-Miles Davis ukuya ku-Yo-Yo Ma kumqambi njengoChopin, u-Beethoven, uBach, no-yebo, i-Mozart. Khuthaza ingane yakho ukuthola ithuluzi ayithandayo futhi uzame ukuzibekela inselele ukuyidlala kanye nokukwazi ukuyenza kanye nokufunda.
Kungase kuthathe kancane ukusesha ukuze ubone ukuthi ingane yakho ithandani (ingase ithanda i-cello noma i-piano, noma ingathola ukuthi ingumdlali wecilongo noma umculi noma umdubhu). Noma angase akhethe ukufunda yonke indlela abakhiqizi abenza ngayo umculo nokuthi ingoma nezinsimbi zomculo zihlelwe kanjani. Thola into ingane yakho ithanda futhi ibuke uthisha. (Uma isikole sakho singanikezi izifundo zomculo, zama ukuthola izinhlelo zomphakathi noma amazinga eqembu elincishisiwe ezikoleni zomculo zendawo.) Zama ukuthola uthisha womculo noma uhlelo olungasiza ingane yakho ukuba ifunde ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinsimbi nezitayela zomculo ukuze zibone lokho okungase kube nesithakazelo kuye. Futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, vumela ingane yakho ijabulele umculo ukuze nje ujabulele, hhayi ukuthonya ukufunda komunye umgomo.