Yiziphi i-Intelligences eziningi futhi zingabumba kanjani ukufunda?

Iyiphi indima i-MI edlala ngayo ukuthi izingane zifunda kanjani, nokuthi yini abazali abangayenza

Uma usuzwile igama elithi "isitayela sokufunda," kungenzeka ukuthi ubonile ukuthi isetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukuthi ingane ifunda kanjani (njengokungathi, ingane eyodwa ifunda kahle kakhulu lapho omunye efunda kahle ngokuhamba). Inkinga ngezibalo ezinjengalezi ukuthi zonke izingane zifunda ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene (ukubona, ukuthinta, njll) kanti ngenkathi ingane ingathatha ulwazi kangcono ngokusebenzisa indlela eyodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa, lo mntwana ofanayo angase afunde enye into engcono ngokusebenzisa enye indlela esinye isimo.

Ukubhalisa izingane njengendlela yokufunda eyodwa "isitayela" noma enye ingalungile futhi inqunyelwe.

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuqonda ukuthi umuntu ufunda kanjani ukuthi izingane zifunda kanjani ukusebenzisa lokho okuchazwe ngokuthi "ama-intelligences amaningi." Kuchazwe nguWoward Gardner, uProfesa weCognition kanye neMfundo ku-Hobbs
Isikole se-Harvard Graduate of Education, ama-intelligences amaningi, noma i-MI, iphikisana nomqondo wokuthi kukhona ukuhlakanipha okulodwa esizalelwa ngakho okungalinganiswa - njengezivivinyo ze- IQ - nokuthi lokhu ukuhlakanipha akukwazi ukuguqulwa. Ngokusho kukaGardner, kukhona okungenani ama-intelligences angu-8 ahlukene, futhi bonke abantu bazalwa nazo zonke lezi MIs.

Umbono kaGardner we-MI uphinde uthi abantu banamaphrofayli ahlukile futhi ahlukene ahlakaniphile ahlotshaniswa nezici ezihlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo nezendalo. Isibonelo, ingane eyodwa ingase ibe namandla ohlakaniphile womculo kanye nokuhlakanipha kwemathemikhali ngenkathi omunye engase abe nokuhlakanipha okukhulunywa ngezilimi noma okunye, futhi lezi zinkantolo ezihlukene ze-MI zihlukile ngokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu ngamunye kanye nokuhlukahluka kofuzo.

Iyini Intelligences Eningi?

Nazi izinhlobo ze-MI njengoba kuchazwe uDkt. Gardner:

1. Isikhala: Ikhono lokubona ngeso lengqondo, ukudala, nokuphatha okuthile endaweni, njengokuthi umshayeli wendiza noma umdlali wezakhi noma chess angayenza.
2. Ubuhlobo bobuhlobo: Lolu hlobo lobuhlakani luhlobene nokusebenzisa amakhono omuntu omningi noma amakhono amakhono okuzithuthukisa ukuveza noma ukudala, ukufunda, noma ukuxazulula izinkinga; kuhilela ukusebenzisana nokuxilonga nokusetshenziswa komzimba wonke noma izingxenye zomzimba ezifana nezandla.

1. Umculo: Ikhono lokuziveza nokuqonda nokudala ngomculo - ngokucula, ukudlala izinsimbi zomculo, ukwakha, ukuqhuba, njll Kubandakanya amakhono omculo njengokuzwela ngesigqi, ukukhala, ithoni, isitembu.
2. Isilimi: Ukuba namandla okuvumelanisa nencazelo yamagama kanye nesimiso, izhyindo, iziphetho, nemitha yamagama, ngendlela imbongi ingase ngayo. Kungabandakanya ukufundwa, ukubhala, ukukhuluma, ukuthintana kwezilimi zakwamanye amazwe.
3. Isibalo / Isingeniso: Ikhono lokuqonda nokubona amaphethini nobuhlobo phakathi kwezinombolo nezenzo noma izimpawu, ezinamakhono okusebenzisa i-computing, enekhono lokuxazulula izinkinga ezihlukahlukene ngelogiki.
4. Ukuzibandakanya: Ngezinye izikhathi okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlakanipha kwezenhlalakahle, ukuhlakanipha komuntu siqu kubhekisela emandleni okuzibandakanya neminye imizwelo, imizwelo, kanye nesimo sengqondo . Abantu abanokuhlakanipha okuphezulu kwabantu bavame ukuba kuhle ekukhulumisaneni nabanye futhi bahle ukusebenza nabanye.
5. Ukuzibandakanya: Ukuqwashisa imizwa yomuntu siqu, imicabango, izinkathazo, nezimfanelo zakhe, kanye nokukwazi ukusebenzisa lokho kuqonda ukulawula ukuzimisela nokuziphatha kwakhe siqu nokwenza izinhlelo nezinqumo.

1. Imvelo: Ikhono lokuqonda imvelo - izitshalo, izilwane, imvelo, njll. - futhi ukukhomba, ukugcina, ukuhlukanisa, nokuyiqonda kanye nezici zabo ezihlukanisayo. Lokhu kuhlakanipha kusiza ukuthi sisebenzise izakhi kanye namaphethini ezweni lemvelo ukudala imikhiqizo noma ukuxazulula izinkinga.

Indlela Abazali Ongacabanga Ngayo NGI-MI Ukusiza Izingane Zifunde

Abazali bayazi ukuthi izingane zinamakhono ahlukile kanye nezithakazelo nokuthi ngisho nabantwana bakini bangaba namakhono emvelo ahlukene kakhulu nokuthandwa nokungathandeki. Ingane eyodwa ingadla izincwadi futhi ithande ukudansa, omunye angase athande izilwane, kanti enye ingane ingase ithande umculo nezibalo. Yilokho ubuhle babantu - siyizidalwa ezithakazelisayo nezihluke kakhulu, futhi noma yimuphi umzali obonwe yingane eba nesithakazelo esijulile nokukhathazeka ngokuthile uyazi ukuthi izingane zinabantu abaningi kakhulu.

Kodwa njengoba nje sibona izithakazelo zemvelo kanye namathalenta ethuthuka enganeni, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ungabizi ingane njengento eyodwa noma enye. "Sinesifiso sokuzama ukubiza izingane, njengezivivinyo ze-IQ, futhi uma wenza lokho, ujwayele ukukhokha kancane kancane ukungena kwawo," kusho uMnuz Mindy L. Kornhaber, uprofesa ohlanganyelwe eMnyangweni wezeMfundo ePhrovinsi. I-Pennsylvania State University. Isibonelo, uma sithi ingane ifunda okuhle ngokusebenza ngezandla zakhe, asigcini nje kuphela ukuthi siyayinaki iqiniso lokuthi zonke izingane zifunda ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezindlela ezahlukene, kodwa ukuthi ukuthi zifunde kanjani kangcono noma ukuthi zihle kangakanani zingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi . Ezinye izindlela abazali bangazondla futhi basekele i-MI kubantwana:

• Sebenzisa isikhathi nezingane futhi ubone ukuthi bathanda yini. Indlela kuphela oyokwazi ukuhambisana nayo izithakazelo zakhe ngokuchitha isikhathi nengane yakho ukwenza izinto ezijwayelekile njengokudla ukudla noma ukudlala imidlalo. Ibhonasi: Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi le misebenzi evamile izuzisa izingane: Ukudla komndeni njalo kuboniswe ukuthuthukisa impilo yezingane kanye nokudla , ukwakha amakhono aphezulu angokomzwelo nangokwengqondo, futhi kuholele ekuziphatheni okuhle; futhi ukuzijabulisa nokudlala nezingane kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nezingane ezikhulayo ukuze zibe nesihawu , zingakhathazeki futhi zijabule kakhulu.
• Ukubaluleka kwamandla wengane esikhundleni sokubuka lokho angenakukwenza. Enye inkinga ngezingane zokubeka i-labeling ukuthi uma senza lokhu, sivame ukubona izinto ngokwezinto ezingekho, kusho iKornhaber. Esikhundleni sokucabanga, "Ingane yami ayikuhle ekufundeni ukufunda noma ukubhala," yakha umqondo wengane yakho yokuziqhenya ezintweni ezikuhle nokuthandayo. "UMI usiza abazali, othisha, kanye nezingane ngokwabo ukuthi baqonde amandla abantwana nokuthi bangasetshenziswa kanjani ukuthi bafunde futhi baxazulule izinkinga," kusho uKornhaber.
• Hlanganisa ingane yakho ngezindlela ezahlukene. Uma ingane yakho inenkathazo yokubhala inkulumo ngesifundo somsebenzi wesikole, yandisa ukuzethemba kwakhe ngokuzibandakanya ngezinye izindlela ngenkathi umsiza ukuba asebenze kulawo makghono okubhala. Isibonelo, uma kufanele abhale ngomjikelezo wokuphila kwamaxoxo, ungambuza lokho akufundile (mhlawumbe ubheka ividiyo futhi angachaza ukuthi i-egg egg ishaya kanjani futhi iphenduka isicu, isibonelo), kusho uKornhaber. Mcele ukuthi athole isithombe salokho okungahle kubonakale, noma akutshele ngemiklamo ehlukene noma imibala yamaxoxo.
• Cabanga ngalokho okulindeleke namhlanje. Ngesikhathi izingane ezincane namuhla kulindeleke ukuba zifunde futhi zibe namakhono ayisisekelo ematheni ezincane nezincane ngisho nabanakekeli bezilwane kulindeleke ukuba benze umsebenzi wesikole futhi benze kahle ekuvivinyweni, iqiniso liwukuthi izingane ezincane azikulindelekile ukwenza lezi zinto ngisho nesizukulwane esedlule . Ngezingcindezi ezingeziwe kuza ukulindela okukhulu, kepha lokho akusho ukuthi zonke izingane ezincane ngaphansi kwebanga lesi-3 kufanele zikhuphuke ezincwadini zesahluko. Ngaphandle kokuba ubone izimpawu zezinkinga zokufunda , zama ukuphumula futhi uvumele ingane yakho ikhule ngesantya sayo.
• Khumbula ukuthi kuyisifinyezo. Iphrofayili ye-intelligence yengane yikho okwamanje ngaleso sikhathi-akusikho okuzohlala njalo. Veza ingane yakho kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemisebenzi kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho futhi umvumele ukuba afunde futhi akhule ngendlela yakhe.
• Bheka inani lamanye ama-intelligences. Ezikoleni zasenkulisa, siyazisa futhi sidumisa konke izingane ezitholayo futhi zabelane nathi; kodwa ngebanga lesithathu, izingane kulindeleke ukuba zifunde kahle izibalo futhi zifunde noma zibhalwe ngokungabi abafundi abahle, kusho uKornhaber. Khona-ke lapho izingane ziqeda futhi zingena emhlabeni, izinto zivula futhi izindlela ezahlukene zokuthola nokwabelana ngolwazi nokunye amanye amakhono kanye namakhono abuye ahlonishwe futhi, futhi izingane zemvelo zakwaMM ekuqaleni zalindeleke ukuba zonke zibuyele emuva. "Ukulinganisa kuphela izilimi nezibalo hhayi ezinye i-intelligences kwenza izingane zivikeleke," kusho uKornhaber.

Indlela Izikole Ezingafaka Ngayo MI Ukusiza Izingane Zifunde

Njengoba umuntu ngamunye enephrofayili yakhe ehlukile yokuhlakanipha, othisha kufanele banikeze ulwazi-futhi bavumele izingane zibonise ukuthi zifunde-ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Isibonelo, uthisha angakwazi ukufundisa izingane ngokuthi, ngithi, umjikelezo wamanzi, ngokungakhulumi ngakho kuphela phambi kwekilasi kodwa nangokudlala ifilimu ngakho noma ngokuba nezingane zakha amamodeli noma zenze lokho ukuze zibonise lokho abazifundele . "Othisha bangacabanga ngamaphuzu okufinyelela kwabafundi abahlukene," kusho uKornhaber. "Uma ingane ingasheshe ijubane ekufundeni, ungacabanga ngalokho akuthandayo. Uma ethanda imishini, ungayenza ingane idwebe imishini futhi ibhale izingxenye bese ukhuluma ukuthi isetshenziswa kanjani noma ukuthi isebenza kanjani. Kungenzeka ukuthi ufunde ngomshini. "Ubuye athi isibonelo esikoleni esiphansi lapho uthisha wesayensi kanye nomfundisi wezenhlalakahle empeleni basebenzela ukuthuthukisa abavubukuli bangempela endaweni. "Bakha amabalazwe wesayithi, bahlolisisa umlando wendawo, bafunde indlela yokumba umvubukuli wendawo okubandakanya ukuthi bangayinakekela kanjani izinto abazitholile, benze ucwaningo ukukhomba izinto, futhi bakhuliswa kulokhu konke i-museum yangempela, "kusho uKornhaber. "Kunezindlela eziningi abafundisi abangasebenzisa amandla ahlukahlukene ngokusebenzisa umklamo wekharityhulam okucatshangelwayo kanye nokuzifundisa."

Ukuveza indaba ngezindlela ezehlukene kufeza izinto ezimbili ezibalulekile: Ivumela abafundi amathuba amaningi okuqonda ulwazi (ezinye izingane zingase zifunde kangcono ngokufunda ngakho, abanye ngokwenza indaba, abanye ngokwenza okuthile okuhlobene nesihloko ngezandla zabo) , futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kusiza bonke abafundi ukuba baqonde ngokugcwele ngokujulile futhi ngokujulile ngoba manje bangacabanga ngakho ngezindlela eziningana ezahlukene, banikeze ulwazi olucebile lokufunda, okubenza bakwazi ukucabanga ngento ngezindlela ezahlukene, nokusiza bafunde isihloko. Ukuqonda i-MI kungasiza othisha nabazali kungabaniki izingane ithuba lokufunda okucebile, kodwa ukusiza kwenza ukufunda kujabulise futhi kuzuze kubo.