Funda mayelana nokufunda ukudideka
Ukufunda i-decoding kuyindlela yokusebenzisa amakhono ahlukene wokufunda ukufunda noma "ukukhetha" amagama. Ekufundeni ukuhlolisisa, abafundi bazwakala amagama ngokubiza izingxenye zabo bese bejoyina lezo zingxenye ukwakha amagama. Ukuze ufunde ngokushelela okwanele ukuqonda okufundwayo, abafundi kumele bakwazi ukuhlukanisa amagama futhi bajoyine izingxenye ngokushesha futhi ngokunembile.
Izingane ezinokukhubazeka okufunda njengokudyslexia , ukufunda okuyisisekelo, noma ukuqonda ukufunda ngokuvamile kunzima ukufunda amakhono okuhlaziya futhi kudinga ukwenza okuningi.
Abafundi abangahlakuleli amakhono wokumemezela nabo bayoba nobunzima ngokufunda ukuqonda. Izigaba zokuqala zokufunda ukucubungula imilayezo ngokuvamile zibandakanya ukuqwashisa ngefoni nokufundiswa kwemisindo. Ngokujwayelekile, ebangeni elilodwa, izingane zifunda ukuzwakala imisindo ehlukahlukene ngamazwi futhi zihlanganise ukuze zenze amagama kuze kube nesinye isilawuli. Bazophinde basebenze nomsindo womlomo omude nesikhashana.
Njengoba izingane ziqhubeka phakathi neminyaka eyisisekelo, zifunda ukunciphisa amagama angaphezu kokuyinkimbinkimbi ngama-syllable angaphezu kweyodwa. Eminyakeni eyisisekelo eyinhloko, izingane ziqala ukufunda ngezibikezelo nezixhumi. Bazohlola futhi izimpande zesiGreki nezaseLatini ukuze bathole ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi kusho ukuthini amagama anzima.
Njengoba izingane zikwazi ukuqeqeshwa ngalawa makghono, amakhono asebenza ngokuzenzekelayo. Izingane azizwa zingadingeki ukuba zizwisise incwadi ngayinye ukuze ihlaziye amagama. Baqala ukuthembela okuningi ekuqaphelweni kokubona. Nokho, kuyinto engavamile kubantwana abanokukhubazeka okufunda njengokudinga ukudinga isikhathi esiningi nokusebenza okuningi ngamakhono anjalo kunezingane ezingenakho ukukhubazeka ukufunda.
Njengoba izingane zikwazi ukuqonda amagama nezinkulumo zamagama ezibonakalayo, ziqala nokufunda ukuhlanganisa amaqoqo ezincwadi futhi ziqaphele amaqembu ajwayelekile ezincwadi nokuthi izihluthulelo zabo zithinteka kanjani lawo maqoqo. Izingane ziqala ukufunda amaqoqo ezinhlamvu kunezincwadi ngabanye. Izingane zijwayele ukufundiswa ukuba zibheke izingxenye zamagama noma amagama okuqamba abesazi kakade ukucacisa amagama amancane angajwayelekile. Isibonelo, inja nendlu zakha igama elithi doghouse.
Izingane ezinokukhubazeka kokufunda ekufundeni noma e-dyslexia zivame ukubuthakathaka ngamakhono e-phonological, futhi lokhu kuthinta ikhono labo lokufunda ukucacisa ngokusebenza kahle. Bangakwazi ukuqonda ngokugcwele imibhalo efundwe kubo, kepha balahlekelwa incazelo yezingxenye uma bezama ukuzifunda ngokwabo. Ukuze uxazulule le nkinga, abafundi abahlukunyezwayo badinga ukuqhutshwa okuphindaphindiwe nokusebenza kwemisindo nemisebenzi yokumemezela isikhathi eside kunabantwana abangenakho abakhubazekile. Abacwaningi bavame ukuphakamisa izinhlelo zokufundisa ezisekelwe ucwaningo ukuze zixazulule lezi zidingo.
Izinhlelo eziningi ezisekelwe ocwaningweni zifaka imilayezo ecacile ekukhuliseni okufana nalokhu:
- Ukumemezela izinhlamvu namaqoqo ezinhlamvu.
- Imindeni yokufunda amagama enezimpande ezifanayo, ezifana namandla futhi aqhakazile.
- Ukufunda ukubikezela amagama ngokusebenzisa izinkomba zomongo. Isibonelo, ku "Inja yaphazamisa ubusuku bonke," umfundi angakwazi ukubikezela igama elibhaliwe ngokusekelwe kumsindo walo wokuqala nokuthi iqiniso lizwakala emgqeni.
- Ukufunda amagama aphezulu-ngamazwi ngokubona.
Othisha bahlola amakhono okufunda abantwana ngokusebenzisa iphepha lokusebenzela iphepha kanye nokuhlola okusekelwe emsebenzini. Okusho ukuthi abafundi bafunda ngokuzwakalayo, futhi othisha balalela ngokucophelela ukuqaphela izinhlobo ezithile zeziphambeko izingane ezizenzayo njengoba zifunda. Othisha bangaba nabafundi bafunde uhlu lwamagama kanye nemisho nezigaba ukuze bahlole amakhono abo.
Lo mkhuba, obizwa ngokuthi ukuhlaziywa kwe-miscue, kuyindlela ewusizo yokukhomba ukuthi yimaphi amakhono omntwana abuthakathaka futhi lapho adinga khona ukuqhuba okuningi. Abafundi bangenza amaphutha emibhalweni yombhalo-umsindo, imibhalo yokuqukethwe, noma i-syntax. Uma othisha bebona lezi ziphutha, bangahle bahlele imfundo yokuhlangabezana nezidingo zomntwana ngamunye.