Izinsiza zokuphepha kwamanzi
Ukuphepha kwamanzi
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ngokuphepha kwamanzi futhi bakhathazekile ngezingozi zokugwinya uma abantwana babo beseduze kwamanzi. Bangase bangabi namanzi echibini labo , izingane zabo zigqoke i-jacket yokuphila, zibaqondise emanzini, futhi zize zithole izifundo zokubhukuda zakuqala.
Noma kunjalo, ukucwiliswa yiyona imbangela ehamba phambili yokufa ngokungenhloso ezinganeni cishe cishe wonke ubudala futhi abantu abangaba ngu-3,880 bamanzi ngonyaka ngamunye e-United States.
Lokhu kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele izingozi zokugwinya ezizungeze ikhaya lakho, futhi:
- faka ukuvikelwa kwemvelo endaweni, njengodango lwamaceleni amane olumaceleni wokuhlukanisa i-pool yokubhukuda ngemuva
- ungaphuzi utshwala ngenkathi ubhukuda, ugibela, noma uqondisa izingane emanzini
- qinisekisa ukuthi bonke abagibeli nabantwana abangakwazi ukugezela kahle bahlale begqoka idivayisi yokuvuthwa yomuntu siqu e-Coast Guard
- qaphela izingozi zokugwinya ezizungezile ekhaya lakho, kufaka phakathi amachibi aseduze, amachibi, namachiza
- funda i-CPR
Futhi-ke, kubalulekile ukufundisa izingane zakho ukuba zibhukude.
Nakuba lokho kwakusho ukulinda kuze kube yilapho izingane zakho zingenani iminyaka emine noma emihlanu ubudala, ochwepheshe abaningi manje baneluleke ukuthi izingane ezincane zifunde amakhono okubhukuda okusinda ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziphephile uma zingena emanzini.
Izifundo zokubhukuda
Sekuyisikhathi eside i-American Academy of Pediatrics ibhekene nezifundo zokubhukuda ezisencane nabasenkulisa. Leso sikhundla sashintsha ngo-2010, lapho behlisa ukuphikiswa kwabo izifundo zokubhukuda izingane ezincane.
Ukugxila okuyinhloko kwe-AAP ukuthi zonke izingane zifunda ukugebha , noma kunjalo, hhayi ngezifundo zakuqala zokubhukuda. Abazali abacabanga ngesikhathi esihle sokuqala ukugibela izifundo kufanele bahlale bekhumbula ukuthi i-AAP ithi "ngeminyaka engama-4 ubudala, izingane eziningi zingafunda ukuvulwa kwamanzi okuyisisekelo, futhi ngeminyaka emihlanu noma engu-6 ubudala, iningi labo lingakwazi i-crawl yangaphambili. "
Yingakho abazali abaningi baqala ukugibela izifundo lapho izingane zineminyaka emine ubudala ukuze zifunde amakhono ayisisekelo bese ziqhuba futhi ngonyaka ozayo, lapho izingane eziningi zifunda ukudoba. Futhi bangaqhubeka nezifundo ezijwayelekile emva kwalokho ukuze bathuthukise amakhono abo okubhukuda.
Ukusinda Izifundo Zokubhukuda
Nakuba kusacatshangwa ukuthi izingane eziningi azilungiselele ngokwanele izifundo zokubhukuda ezisemthethweni - lapho zingafunda khona ukubhukuda zizodwa - kuze kube yilapho okungenani zineminyaka emine ubudala, i-AAP manje ithi imfundo ethile yokubhukuda ingase ibe kusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokumisa izingane ezincane phakathi kweminyaka yobudala eyodwa kuya kweyine ubudala.
Khumbula ukuthi i-AAP ayincomo ngempela ukugezela izifundo kuzo zonke izingane ezisencane kanye nabasenkulisa ezingaphansi kweminyaka emine. Akumane aphikisana nalezi zinhlobo zokuhlelwa kwamakhono okuphila futhi asho ukuthi abazali kufanele babhalise izingane zabo uma becabanga ukuthi "izinzuzo zezinhlelo zamanzi ezincane noma ezincane zidlula zonke izingozi."
Yiziphi izingozi ezikhona zokufunda zokubhukuda?
Zihlanganisa iqiniso lokuthi lenza abazali abathile bakholelwe ukuthi izingane zabo zigcwele ubufakazi, okungafaka izingane engozini enkulu yokumisa. Kukhona futhi ukukhathazeka ukuthi izifundo zokubhukuda zakuqala zinganciphisa ukwesaba kwamanzi noma usana lomntwana, okwenza ukuba basondele noma emanzini ngaphandle kokuqondiswa.
I-American Red Cross Advisory Council ku-First Aid, i-Aquatics, Safety and Preparedness nayo inezincomo zokuzikhethela ukuthi "izingane ezincane zingase zikhethe ukuqala ukugibela izifundo ngenhloso yokwakha ukulungeleka kwamanzi nokunciphisa kwamanzi ngesinye isikhathi noma nini emva kokuqala noma kwesibili iminyaka yokuphila. "
Lezi zifundo zakuqala zokudoba zifundisa amakhono ayisisekelo okusinda, kuhlanganise nekhono loku:
- ukuzithoba emva kokuwela emanzini
- qhubekela phambili emanzini, njengalokhu ohlangothini lwechibi
- faka noma uthathe amanzi kuze kube yilapho umuntu engayikhipha emanzini
Nakuba zingabandakanyi iminyaka, amaCentral for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) abonakala ehamba kancane ezincekwini zabo kunabanye ochwepheshe abaningi, athi "Ukuvimbela ukugwinya, bonke abazali nezingane kufanele bafunde amakhono okubhukuda okusinda."
Abazali abakhetha lolu hlobo lokuqeqesha amakhono okubhukuda bangase bathole amakilasi e-YMCA yendawo, i-American Red Cross Chapter, kanye nabahlinzeki bemithombo yokubhukuda emanzini nabantwana abancane.
Gwema Amaphutha Okuphepha Emanzini
Ukufunda amakhono okubhukuda okusinda noma ukubhalisa ohlelweni oluthile lwamanzi kungaba umbono omuhle ezinganeni ezithile ezincane, kodwa ngokuqinisekile akuyona indlela engcono kakhulu yokugcina izingane zakho ziphephile emanzini. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukugwinya ukuqondisa izingane zakho ezungeze amanzi, ukuvimbela ingane yakho echibini, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi izingane zakho zivame ukugqoka idivayisi ye-flotation yomuntu eyamukelekile e-Coast Guard uma ikhona noma ijikeleze amanzi.
Kubalulekile nokugwema amaphutha okuphepha kwamanzi ajwayelekile, njengalawa:
- besebenzisa izintambo ezinjenge-substitute yedivayisi yokuvuthwa yomuntu siqu evunyelwe i-Coast Guard
- ushiya isiteji echibini elingenhla
- ukuvumela izingane ezindala zigijime zodwa, noma zikwazi ukugebha kahle - sebenzisa isimiso se-buddy esikhundleni salokho, ukhuthaze izingane zakho ukuba zigijime njalo nomngane wakho
- ukuvumela ukufinyelela okulula echibini lakho noma i-spa, ngaphandle kocingo lokuzihlukanisa (ucingo okungenani okungamamitha amane ubude nxazonke echibini ngamasango okuvala nokuzivimbela)
- ukufaka ucingo lwe-chain-link noma ucingo olufushane (kulula kakhulu ukukhuphuka) noma ukusebenzisa indlu yakho njengengxenye yesine yocingo elizungezile echibini lakho, okuvumela ukufinyelela echibini ngomnyango noma iwindi endlini
- hhayi ukubuka emanzini kuqala lapho ingane ingekho
- hhayi ukufundisa ingane yakho ukuba ibhukude
- ebhekene nezingozi zamanzi ngaphakathi nangaseduze nendlu yakho, njengamachibi, izibhakabhaka ezishisayo, ngisho nebhuku lokugeza
- ukushiya izingane zodwa ngaphakathi noma ezungeze amanzi, ngisho nemaminithi ambalwa nje
Ngisho nalapho uzama ukugwema amaphutha futhi wenze konke okulungile, izingozi zingenzeka. Yingakho kungcono ukusebenzisa izindlela "zokuvikela" ukugcina izingane zakho ziphephile emanzini. Ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweyodwa zamasu okuphepha kwengane njengesivikelo ekuzameni kusho ukuthi uma ungqimba olulodwa oluvikelayo luwela phansi, enye yezinye izendlalelo zokuvikela izobe isendaweni ukugcina izingane zakho ziphephile. Isibonelo, uma othile eshiya emnyango wangasese wendlu evulekile futhi ingane yakho ifika egcekeni elingemuva, khona-ke usenayo ucingo egcina ingane yakho iphuma echibini.
Abanye abazali bacabangela ukufunda ukuphila kwamakhono okubhukuda ukuze kube yisigcina sokugcina ukuvikela izingane zabo ziphephile. Uma zonke ezinye izendlalelo ziphuka futhi ingane yakho iphelela emanzini, ke ngethemba ukuthi labo abasebenza ngokubhukuda bayomenza angaboni kuze kube yilapho ungamdonsa emanzini.
Imithombo:
I-American Academy of Pediatrics. Umbiko Wezobuchwepheshe: Ukuvimbela Ukuqothula. Izingane zokwelapha 2010; 126: 1 e253-e262
I-American Red Cross, i-Advisory Council ku-First Aid, i-Aquatics, Safety and Preparedness. Ukubuyekezwa kwesayensi kwe-ACFASP: iminyaka encane yokufunda ukubhukuda. Juni 2009.
I-CDC. Ukugcoba - ama-United States, 2005-2009. Ukulimala nokufa Ukubika ngeviki. Ngo-May 18, 2012/61 (19), 344-347.