Ngasekupheleni kuka-2015, izindaba zokungcoliswa kwamanzi okuphambene emithonjeni yamanzi kaFlint, eMichigan kwabangela izikole kulo lonke izwe ukuba zibuze ukuthi izakhiwo zabo zingase zibe namanzi angcolile. Izikole eziningana kulo lonke izwe zaqala ukuhlola amanzi azo, ezinye izikole zithola amazinga aphezulu okuhola ezikoleni zawo.
Njengomzali, ungase uzibuze ukuthi ngabe ngabe ingane yakho isanda kuvivinya amanzi ayo.
Mhlawumbe usuke wathola incwadi evela esikoleni somntanakho ekutsheleni ukuthi bahlela ukuhlola ukuhola ngesikhathi sekhefu esikoleni esizayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi uthole incwadi evela esikoleni somntanakho ekutsheleni ukuthi ezinye zezikhungo zokuphuza ziye zaphakamisa amazinga okuhola.
Nakuba ukuhola amanzi esikoleni kubalulekile ukukhathazeka kwezempilo emphakathini, kubalulekile ukugcina umthelela ongase ube nomntwana wakho ngendlela efanele. Izingane zingadla amanzi esikoleni, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuthi isikole, ikakhulukazi umpompi owodwa ngaphakathi kwesikole, ngumthombo wamanzi oyinhloko wengane yakho. Izingane nazo ziphuza amanzi ekhaya, futhi zivame ukuba neziphuzo zamanzi, ubisi noma ijusi ezisebenzelana nezidlo zabo noma ukudla okulula.
Nazi izimpendulo zemibuzo ongayithola mayelana nokuhola amanzi esikoleni.
Ukuhola Kuqala Kanjani Ukutholakala Kwamanzi Amanzi Esikole?
Ukuhola emanzini okuphuza kuvame ukuvela emipayipi endala, ephazamisekile eyenziwe nge-alloy ephethe uhola noma ehlangene nomthofu oqukethe i-solder.
Izikole kanye namapayipi okwakhiwa ngaphambi kuka-1986 banamathuba amaningi okuba nepayipi noma i-solder, nakuba izakhiwo ezintsha zingase zihole.
Ukuhola kuyinto eyenzeka ngokwemvelo, futhi ayitholakali emanzini angaphansi komhlaba. Izakhiwo zokwelashwa zomphakathi zizosusa lokhu kuhola ngaphambi kokuba zifike emapulazini esikoleni.
Ezinye izikole zasezindaweni zasemakhaya zingathola amanzi ngokuqondile emthonjeni womhlabathi.
Njengoba amapayipu, i-solder, noma i-corrode i-corrode, ukuhoxiswa kancane kancane kungena emanzini. Ukonakala kuyenzeka ngokushesha uma amanzi enamandla noma enokuqukethwe okumbiwe kwamaminerali. Ukushisa kungakwandisa izinga lapho i-leaching ikhona khona, okwenza amapayipi wamanzi ashisayo namapulangwe angangcoliswa ukuhola.
Ngenxa yokuthi ukulimala kuyinkqubo encane eyenzeka iminyaka eminingi, kube lula kubaphathi bezwe kanye nezikhulu zezikole ukunganaki amanzi esikoleni sokuhlola.
Kungani Ukugxila Ekuholeni Kwamanzi Esikole Kunokuba Kuholele Emakhaya?
Izikole lapho izingane zethu ezincane zichitha khona izinsuku zabo, bese ziphuza amanzi ngenkathi zikhona. Abaholi bangakha ohlelweni lomuntu ngaphezu kwesikhathi sabo sokuphila, ngakho ukuvezwa okuningi ebuntwaneni kungaholela ezinkingeni eziningi kamuva ekuphileni.
Umehluko ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwamanzi esikoleni futhi kungabangela ukwanda kwamanani okuhola emanzini. Izindlu zivame ukusebenzisa amanzi azo njalo. Imindeni isebenzisa amanzi awo nsuku zonke, ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene ngosuku. Izakhiwo zesikole ngokuvamile zihamba zingasetshenziswanga izinsuku noma amasonto ngesikhathi. Amanzi ahlezi kulezo zipayipi anesikhathi sokuthatha ukuhola okungaphezulu kunamapayipi asekhaya, lapho amanzi eqhutshwa khona njalo.
Yiziphi Izinkinga Ezingabangela Umthombo Wamanzi Esikole?
Kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zampawu ezibangelwa ukuhogela udoti. Ayikho inqwaba yokuhola emzimbeni obhekwe njengophephile. Ngamanye amazwi, uma othile enesisindo sokuhola ohlelweni lwabo, kungenzeka ukuthi impilo yabo iyathinteka kabi.
Izingane eziye zaphakamisa amazinga okuhola kungenzeka zingenayo izimpawu ezicacile. Ukuhola kungasathinta izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo ezahlukene zomzimba. Ukupheka ushevu kungabangela noma yikuphi okulandelayo kubantwana:
- Izinkinga zokuziphatha ezinjengokwenziwa kwe-crankiness, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokunakwa, ukungahloniphi, nokucasula
- Ukhathala, ukukhathala, nenkinga yokulala
- Izinkinga zokugaya ezifana nokudla okubi, ukulahlekelwa isisindo, ubuhlungu besisu
Akudingeki ukuba usheshe ukushaywa indiva uma ingane yakho inezinye zezimpawu. Izimpawu ezibalwe ngenhla zikwabelana nezinye izifo eziningi nezifo ezivamile. Umkhuhlane ovamile ungabangela ukukhathala, ukukhathala kanye nezinkinga zokulala. Isisu somkhuhlane singabangela ubuhlungu obufayo kanye nesisu esiswini. Kuwukuphela kokuvelela okuholela ekuholeni kungangena emzimbeni.
Ubani obheka amazinga okuhola amanzi esikoleni?
I-federal agency ephethe ikhwalithi yamanzi yi-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Amazwe ahlukene angase abe ne-ejensi elawula isimo esilawula ikhwalithi yamanzi. Ikhwalithi yamanzi kahulumeni ngokuvamile iwela ngaphansi kwehhovisi lezemvelo noma lemvelo.
Ngenkathi i-EPA ibhale isiqondiso ekubhekiseni ukubhekwa kwezinhlelo zomphakathi nezikole zamanzi, ohulumeni basezikhundleni banquma indlela yokuqapha amanzi ezidakamizwa. Ngokusho kwe-athikili ka-May 10, 2016, i-Associated Press yezindaba, akukho mpela idinga ukuthi izikole zihlole ukuhola.
Ngenkathi ezinye izifunda zase-US zivivinya njalo ukuhola, iningi lalingenalo. Kusukela i-Flint, izindaba zamanzi zaseMichigan ngasekupheleni kuka-2015 ziqaphele ukunakekelwa kwezezindaba, izifunda eziningi zezikole zinqume ukuqala ukuhlolwa kokuhola.
Ngingawutholaphi Ukuthi Uma Isikole Sengane Yami Sivivinyelwe?
Izikole eziningi ziye zanquma ukuhlola amanzi azo ngezindaba zezindaba ze-Flint, Michigan. Ungakwazi ukubuka izibuyekezo ezincwadini zezindaba zomzali noma ezinye zokuxhumana zesikole ukuze ubone ukuthi ngabe ingane yakho ihlela ukuhlola esikhathini esizayo. I-EPA inezincwadi ezeluleka izikole ukuba zibe nokukhanya okukhulu lapho zihlola amanzi okuhola.
Uma uthola incwadi evela esikoleni somntanakho ekutsheleni ukuhlolwa kwamanzi okuzayo, akufanele ucabange ukuthi kunesizathu esithile abahlolisayo ngaphandle kokuthi sekuyi-issue yakamuva kumaphephandaba.
Uma ungazange uthole lutho mayelana nokuhlolwa kwamanzi esikoleni sokuhola, usesho lwewebhusayithi yesifunda sakho sesifunda indawo enhle ukuqala usesho lwakho. Uma ungathanda ukusebenzisa injini yokusesha njenge-Google ukuthola ulwazi ngokushesha, lapha kukhona amagama okusesha okuphakanyisiwe: ukuhlolwa kokuhola,
Uma ungenakukwazi ukuthola noma yiluphi ulwazi ezincwadini zokufunda esikoleni noma kwiwebhusayithi yesikole, cabanga ngokuzithoba ukuthi ucela abasebenzi besikole sakho uma isikole sesanda kuhlolwa amanzi. Uma lesi sikole singazange sihlolwe amanzi, ungase ugqugquzele isikole ukuba ubuke ukuhlolwa. Kunezinsiza zokusiza izikole zithole imali noma ukusekelwa kwe-EPA-ukuhlolwa kwamanzi okuqinisekisiwe okutholakala kuwebhu, njengaleluhlu lwezinketho zezimali ezihlinzekwe yi-EPA.
Kuthiwani Uma Amanzi Esikole Aphakamisa Amazinga Okuhola?
Uma isikole sakho sithola ukuthi noma imuphi umthombo wamanzi owavivinywa uholele kakhulu kunomkhawulo osebenzayo owasungulwa yi-EPA, isikole sakho siyothatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa noma ukuqeda ukuhola emanzini. Izinyathelo ezithile esikoleni kuzoxhomeka emiphakathini ethile yesikole kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi kwabafundi.
Esikhathini esifushane, isikole singanquma ukuvala imithombo ethile yamanzi noma imfucumfucu uma ikholelwa ukuthi imithombo kuphela noma imfucumfucu eholayo. Uma kunenkolelo yokuthi ingxenye enkulu yezikole zokupula amanzi noma ukutholakala kwamanzi iyimthombo, isikole singathatha izinyathelo ezifana nokuhlinzeka ngamanzi okuphuza amabhodlela kubafundi.
Izixazululo zesikhathi eside zingabandakanya ukufaka amapayipi kanye nokulungiswa kokuhola. Lokhu kungabiza kakhulu ezikoleni ezithile ezingase zibe nemali enganiselwe yokulungiswa kwesakhiwo.
Isikole Sengane Yami Siye Sakhuphula Amazinga Okuhola, Ngingawuthola Kanjani Uma Impilo Yengane Yami Isithintekile?
Xoxani nganoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka onakho mayelana nokuchayeka kwengane yakho noma ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi nengane yomntwana wengane yakho. Udokotela wakho anganquma ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ozonikezayo ukuthola ukuthi ingane yakho iholele emzimbeni wabo.
Uma ingane yakho itholakale ibe namazinga aphezulu okuhola emzimbeni wabo, udokotela wengane yakho uzokutshela ukuthi ungenzeni ukunciphisa izinga lokuhola. Lokhu kuzonciphisa noma kuvimbele ingane yakho ukuba ingaboni nanoma yiziphi izinkinga eziholayo emzimbeni wazo.
Nakuba izindaba zokuhola emanzini esikoleni zingethusa umzali, kungenxa yokusiza bonke abantwana abaphuma ekuholeni kwamanzi esikoleni bathole ukunakekelwa kwezwe. Izikole eziningi manje ziqapha ukuhola emanzini, zibambe amapayipi nezinkinga ngokushesha futhi zivimbele ukuvezwa kwezingane.
> Imithombo:
"Hlela." Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Izikhungo zokuLawula nokuvimbela izifo, 07 Sept. 2016. Iwebhu.
"Ukuhogela Ukuphehla: Izimpawu Nezibonakaliso." Impilo Yomphakathi. Oregon Health Authority, iWebhu.
" Ukuhlola Izikole Nezikhungo Zokunakekela Abantwana Ukuhola Emanzini Okuphuza ." I-EPA. I-Environmental Protection Agency, 09 uNhlolanja 2015. Iwebhu.