Umbuzo weviki
Eminye imibuzo yokuphefumula enobuthi, bahlale bebala ukuthi bahlala noma bachitha isikhathi esiningi emzini owakhiwe ngaphambi kuka-1950 noma uma wakhiwe ngaphambi kuka-1978 futhi uvuselelwa njengengozi yokuthola ingane enobuthi obuholayo. Kungani kungezwani umehluko? Uma ngiphila ekhaya elakhiwe ngaphambi kuka-1978 futhi lingabuyiselwa kabusha, ingabe izingane zami zisengozini yokuhogela ubuthi?
Kuya ngesimo.
Ipeyinti Yokuhola
Ukuhola yinsimbi esindayo esetshenziswe isikhathi eside.
Ukusuka emabhokisini namanzi amapayipi ezithombeni kanye nopende, ukuhoxiswa sekusetshenziswe kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Futhi-ke, ukuholwa kwanezelwa kwegesi ema-1920 ukuphakamisa izinga le-octane, okwenze kube ngcono.
Kodwa kungani kwaholela ekupendekeni?
Ukuhola kungasetshenziswa njenge-pigment. I-carbonate ye-lead, isibonelo, iyipende elimhlophe elenziwe oholayo, uviniga, ne-carbon dioxide, futhi liye lasetshenziselwa ukudweba i-White House. Kwakusetshenziselwa futhi emidwebeni eminingi yama-classic yase-Europe.
Ukupenda okuphambili kungenziwa nakweminye imibala futhi kuqinile futhi kungamanzi.
Ngeshwa, ukuhola kuyingozi.
Ukuhola kuye kwalimaza futhi kubethela abantu isikhathi eside njengoba sekusetshenzisiwe.
Njengombhalo othi 'uhlanya njengenqunu,' okwakubangelwa ubuthi lwe-mercury, omunye, 'oqhamuka njengomdwebi,' ubhekisela emiphumeleni enobuthi yokuhola ekupendekeni.
Imithetho YokuPenda YePhola
Imithetho yokuqala mayelana nopende lokuhola yenziwa ngonyaka wama-1950.
Le mithetho yokuqala yavala ukudweba okuphambili kwamanye amadolobha.
Ngo-1971, umdwebo wokuPhepha oPhezulu wokuPhepheka wePainting Prevention Act (LBPPPA) owenqatshelwe ukukhishwa kwindlu ye-Federal.
Imithetho kusukela ngo-1971 kuya ku-1973 iphinde inciphise okuqukethwe okuvumelekile okuholayo ekudwebeni.
Ukuhola kwagcina kugwenyelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwepende yangaphakathi nangaphandle yangaphakathi ngo-1978 yiKhomishini Yokuphepha Komkhiqizo Wabathengi.
Ukuchitshiyelwa kwe-LBPPPA ngo-1973, 1987 no-1992 kwaqhubeka nokusebenza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokuthi izingane zizobe zinobuhlungu ngopende oluholayo.
Izinhlekelele zokuPhawula
Uma indlu yakho yakhiwe emva kuka-1950 futhi awuyikuyibuyisela kabusha, cishe lokho ngeke kube yinto enkulu enkulu engozini kwenye ikhaya elahlelwa kabusha.
Ngenkathi izindlu ezakhiwe ngaphambi kuka-1950 nemikhaya eyakhiwe phakathi kuka-1950 no-1978 kungenzeka ukuthi bonke baholele upende kuwo, yimizi endala kakhulu engaba yingozi enkulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ikhaya elidala lingase liyeke, lidale iziphuzo zepende nophuli oluphethe umthofu olungangenwa yizingane ezincane. Futhi ukugxila kokupenda kwamakhaya akhiwe ngaphambi kuka-1950 kungenzeka kube ngaphezulu kunendlu entsha endala.
Ingane yakho ingase isengozini uma indlu yakho yakhiwa phakathi kuka-1950 no-1978 noma kunjalo.
Uma ulungisa kabusha enye yale mizi, ngokungeza ekamelweni elisha, ukukhipha upende, ukudiliza udonga, njll, ungaphazamisa upende oholayo futhi kungabeka ingane yakho engozini yokuhogela ubuthi. Ngakho-ke ngokusho kwe-American Academy of Pediatrics, ingane yakho kufanele ihlolwe ukuthi iholele ekuholeni "uma ihlala noma ivakashela njalo isikhungo sokunakekelwa kwendlu noma somntwana esakhiwe ngaphambi kuka-1978 okuyiyo noma isanda kulungiswa noma kulungiswe kabusha (ezinyangeni ezingu-6 zokugcina ). "
Izingozi zokuhola ezindlini ezindala
Ngaphandle kokwenza upende, amakhaya asekhulile angafaka izingane engozini ngenxa yokupaka kwamanzi asebekhulile, okwenza amazinga aphezulu aphezulu aphethwe ngamanzi. Ngokusho kwe-EPA, ukuhola "kwakusetshenziswe eminye imigqa yamanzi nemishini yamapayipi," kufaka phakathi amapayipi okuhola, ukulungiswa, kanye ne-solder kuze kube ngu-1986.
Kodwa akuzona nje izindlu ezindala ezibeka izingane engozini.
Izikole ezindala zingafaka izingane engozini.
Futhi ngokumangazayo, izinto zokwelapha zomgwaqo emisha emisha ezakhiwe kuze kube ngu-2014 zingakhiwa ngo-8%. Lokho kwahliswa kwaba yi-0.25% kuphela yi-Safe Drinking Act Act ngo-2014.
Ingabe Ikhaya Lakho Liholelekile?
Ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi izingane zakho ziphephile kusuka kumdwebo oholayo, uma uhlala endlini yakudala noma indlu, eyakhiwa ngaphambi kuka-1978, kufanele ube nokuhlolwa kokupenda okuphambili noma ukuhlolwa kobungozi bokudweba okuphambili.
Isonkontileka sakho noma ochwepheshe abaholayo angakusiza ugcine umndeni wakho uphephile uma ulungisa ikhaya lakho elidala.
Khumbula ukuthi abantwana bangabe besengozini yokuhogela ubuthi uma bedlala emhlabathini nxazonke ekhaya elidala elingase lingcoliswe ngopende olusekelwe ngaphandle. Unganciphisa lo mngcipheko ngokungavumeli izingane zakho zidlale ukungcola ezungeze ikhaya lakho bese zigeza izandla ngokushesha uma zenza.
Ezinye izingozi zokuhogela udoti abazali abavame ukuzinakwa zingabandakanya:
- Ukuba nelungu lomzali noma lomndeni onomsebenzi noma wokuzilibazisa osebenzisa ukuholwa (okwenza ubumba nokugqoka ingilazi)
- usebenzisa amanye amakhambi omuntu, njenge-greta ne-azarcon
- usebenzisa i-cookware endala ye-ceramic, namanye amathoyizi angenisiwe, amakhandlela nezimonyo
Ngaphandle kokuhlola nokuhlola izingane zakho uma zingengozini enkulu, ezinye izinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuhogela udoti zingabandakanya:
- Khubaza ingane yakho ekuhlaleni futhi idle izinto ezingezona ukudla (pica), njengokungcola nokupenda kwipipi.
- Ukugijima umfutho emaminithini ambalwa ngaphambi kokusebenzisa amanzi abandayo ukupheka, ukuphuza noma ukulungiselela ifomula lesana (lokhu kungasiza ukuxosha ukuhola okungakha emanzini ahlezi).
- Gcina umntwana wakho enempilo futhi enondlekile kahle, ngoba ukungondleki kuyisici esingozini yokuhogela ubuthi.
- Geza izandla zomntanakho ngemuva kokudlala ngaphandle, ikakhulukazi uma edlala ngokungcola.
Imithombo:
I-EPA. Ukuqonda Ukuhlolwa, Ukuhlolwa Kweengozi, nokunikezwa.