Izinsisekelo zokuphepha kwabantwana
Njengoba izingozi ziyisizathu esiyinhloko sokufa kwezingane, akumangalisi ukuthi izingane zezingane zivame ukugxila kakhulu ekufundiseni abazali ngokuvimbela ingane, ukusebenzisa kahle izihlalo zemoto, nokukhuthaza izingane ukuba zisebenzise ihabhuthi .
Abazali abaningi abazi lutho lwezingozi ezingavamile ezingabonakali kakhulu njengamanzi, izingozi zemoto, noma umlilo womlilo.
Ukufunda ngalezi ezinye izingozi kungakusiza uthathe izinyathelo ezilula ukugcina izingane zakho ziphephile.
Escalators
Abazali abaningi bavumela izingane zabo ukuba zigibele izitebhisi ezihamba phambili ngaphandle kokunikeza umcabango wesibili. Ngeshwa, iKhomishini Yokuphepha Komkhiqizo Wabathengi (CPSC) ibika ukuthi kwakukhona ukulimala okungaba ngu-11 000 kuma-escalators ngo-2007, ikakhulukazi kusukela ekuwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kube khona imibiko engenani engu-77 yokungena - lapho izandla, izinyawo, noma izicathulo (ikakhulukazi ama-clogs kanye nezicathulo ze-slide) ziboshelwe ku-escalator - kusukela ngo-2006.
Izingane zakho zingakwazi ukugibela i-escalator, kodwa qiniseka ukuthi zenza ngokuphepha. Kufanele:
- ubophe izinwele zabo ngaphambi kokufika esecator
- yima phakathi nendawo ye-escalator, ubuso obheke phambili, ubambe isandla, bese uvala ekugcineni
- Ungavumeli ukuhlala noma ukudlala escalator - akufanele uphathwe njengendawo yokupaka yokuzijabulisa
Mhlawumbe okubaluleke kakhulu, funda lapho inkinobho yokuphuthuma okuphuthumayo khona ukuze ukwazi ukuvala isiteji uma othile eboshwa ngenkathi egibele.
Ukuthenga amathilethi
Ukuthenga izinqola akufanele kubhekwe njengengozi efihliwe, njengoba ukulimala emakethe amathengi kuye kwasakazwa kahle eminyakeni yamuva. Kukhona ngisho nezixwayiso mayelana nokulimala kwenqola yezitolo ezanyatheliswa ezitolo eziningi ezihamba ngezinyawo kulezi zinsuku.
Noma kunjalo, uma uya esitolo noma esitolo esikhulu semnyango, uzohlala ubona izingane ezigibele ngaphakathi nasezikhungweni zezitolo, zibeka engozini yokulimala nokuwa kwekhanda.
Eqinisweni, ngokusho kweKhomishana YezokuThengiswa Komkhiqizo Wabathengi, "ivela ematokisini athengisa phakathi kwezimbangela ezibangela ukulimala kwekhanda ezinganeni ezincane."
Ngaphandle kokufunda mayelana nokuphepha kwenqola yezitolo, khumbula ukuthi i-American Academy of Pediatrics ithi "abazali bakhuthazwa kakhulu ukuba bafune ezinye izindlela zokuthutha ingane yabo enqoleni yokuthenga kuze kube yilapho isilinganiso esibukeziwe sokusebenza sokuphepha kwenqola yokuthenga siyasetshenziswa I-united states."
I-TV Nefenisha I-tip-overs
Izingane ezincane zithanda ukugibela. Ngeshwa, lapho bekhuphuka ifenisha enkulu, njengebhokisi, isitimela sethelevishini, noma umgqoki, singathinta phezulu kubo. Ngaphandle kwengozi yefenisha esindayo ewela phezu kwabo, izingane zingalimala futhi lapho izinto ezinkulu zingaphezulu kwefenisha yefenisha, ikakhulukazi amasethi amathelevishini.
Ngokusho kweCPSC, bekukhona okungenani ukushona kwe-tv-over televivishini okungama-36 kanye nokufa kwe-tip-over phakathi kuka-2000 phakathi kuka-2000 no-2005; Ukulimala okuningi kwalashwa ezindaweni zokuphuthumayo.
Ukuze ugweme le nengozi, qiniseka ukuthi uvikele izinto ezinkulu nezinsimbi zezingodo odongeni nge-anchor noma i-strap; omunye anganikezwa kuwe uma wenza ukuthenga kwakho, noma ungakhetha eyodwa esitolo sefenisha noma ekhaya.
Futhi, qiniseka ukubeka ithelevishini yakho esimweni esiqinile futhi uvikeleke endaweni ukuze ingakwazi ukuphoqa ngaphezulu.
Bounce Houses
I-CPSC ibika ukuthi ukulimala okungu-4,900 okuhlobene nezitiladi ezine-inflatable kanye nezindlu eziphuthumayo zaphathwa ngamakamelo aphuthumayo ngo-2004. Lokhu kwaba ukwanda okubangelwa ukulimala okungu-1,300 ngo-1997 futhi kungenzeka kubonakala ukutholakala okwandayo kanye nezindleko eziphansi izindlu zokuqothula lezi zinsuku; uvame ukubabona beqashwe amaqembu wokuzalwa ngemuva, amaqembu okuvimba, nemikhosi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, sekuye kwaba nokufa okulodwa ngonyaka ngenxa yezindlu ezithintekayo ezithintekayo, izitifiketi ezithintekayo ezithintekayo, nezindonga ezikhuphukayo.
Lezi zindleko ziye zaba yilabo asebekhulile abasebasha kanye nabantu abadala abancane futhi kuhilela ukulimala nokulimala kwekhanda. Umntwana oyedwa wafela endlini enobungozi ngo-2007 nanyana-oneminyaka emithathu ubudala endaweni yokudlala yangaphakathi lapho abantu ababili bewela khona endlini enqabile futhi bechoboza ikhanda lakhe.
Izindlu ezishaya indiva zingase zibe mnandi, kodwa izingane kufanele ziqondiswe kahle lapho zihlaselwa futhi zihambisana nezingane ezineminyaka efanayo nesisindo. Futhi, qinisekisa ukuthi indlu yokuqhaqhazela igcinwe phansi futhi ukuthi ungakwazi ukukhipha izingane ngokushesha ngokushesha uma indlu yokuqhafaza iqala ukuyihlanekela.
Abazali
Abazali? Abazali bangaba kanjani ingozi efihliwe ekuphepha kwengane yabo?
Enye indlela ukuthi bavame ukwazi indlela ephephile yokwenza izinto, kodwa bayeke ukwenza lokho kusheshe ngoba bacabanga ukuthi ingane yabo imdala kakhulu ukuze ingalimala. Isibonelo, ngeke bacabange ukuvumela ukuhamba kwabo emithathu noma emine emotweni ngaphandle kwesihlalo semoto, kodwa bavumela abafundi babo abaneminyaka emihlanu ubudala ukuthi bafunde esikhwameni sakhe. Noma, bavumela ukuhamba kwabo abaneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili egibele ngaphambili emotweni noma bagibele ibhayisikili lakhe ngaphandle kwesigqoko.
Ukugcina izingane ziphephile:
- Gcina ikhaya lakho lingakhuselekanga ingane kuze kube yilapho ingane yakho ikhulile ngokwanele ukuze uqonde izingozi ozama ukumvikela kuzo. Lokhu kusho ukugcina ukukhiya kubakhikizi kanye namabhabhinethi, amasango ezitebhisini, nezembozo ezitolo zokugesi, njll.
- Gwema amatafula athengwe ngilazi, ikakhulukazi uma engenziwanga ngilazi elincane, ngoba afaka ingozi uma izingane zikhuphuka noma ziwa phezulu futhi ziphule ingilazi.
- Khumbula ukugcina ihhotela lakho lingenakuvimbela ingane ngesikhathi uhamba, kuhlanganise nokusebenzisa isikhala sokuhamba kanye neminye imikhiqizo yezingane ngokufanele.
- Hambisa izingane esikhwameni se- booster lapho seziqhamuka izihlalo zabo ezibheke phambili ezibhekene ne-harness straps, futhi zigcine khona kuze kube yilapho sezilungele izihlalo zokuhlala ezivamile lapho ziba ngu-4'9 "ubude.
- Gcina izingane esihlalweni sangemuva semoto baze baneminyaka engu-13 ubudala.
- I-pool yakho echibini , uma unayo, ngokuyifaka ngaphakathi kocingo ngesango lokuzivala nokuzivimbela.
- Ukuqapha izingane ezungeze amanzi, ngisho noma zikwazi ukugebha.
- Khuthaza izingane ukuba zigqoke isigqoko lapho zigibela ibhayisikili , i-scooter, i-skateboard, noma i- Heelys .
- Khumbula ukuthi ungashiyi ingane yakho ekhaya yodwa uze ulungele ngempela.
- Thatha izingane embukisweni womlilo, ngaphandle kokuzivumela ukuba zidlale ngeziqhumane, kufaka phakathi ama-sparklers, ezingafinyelela ezingaphezu kuka-1000 degrees futhi zenze isigamu sezilima ezihlobene nezibhamu ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu (okuyi-10% yokulimala okuhlobene nomlilo).
Ingabe ingane yakho ingaphephile kakhulu?
Awufuni ingane yakho ukuba iphile ku-bubble noma ihambahamba igqoke isigqoko sokuzivikela ngezikhathi zonke, kodwa khumbula ukuthi amathuba amaningi ozithathayo, cishe ingane yakho izolimala noma ibulawe engozini.
Ngaphandle kwezinyathelo zokuphepha ezisobala zokusebenzisa isihlalo semoto ngendlela efanele, ukufaka umtshina wensimbi nokuvimbela ingane yakho ingane, qaphela ezinye izingozi ezifihlekile ezingahle zonakalise ukuphepha kwengane yakho:
- ibhokisi elingenhla embhedeni wangasese , okumelwe kugwenywe kuze kube yilapho izingane zingenani iminyaka eyisithupha ubudala
- izinsimbi zomculo, njengegitare, ezingalimaza ingane encane edlala ngezintambo (isibonelo, ukuzama ukuyihlolisisa), uma enye yezintambo ezingaphansi kwezingxabano eziphezulu, ezithinta ezweni lakhe ubuso bakhe, njll
- amanzi aphezulu, izikhukhula zesiphepho, nemifudlana lapho kuqhuma isikhukhula phakathi nesikhukhula esinzima ngesikhathi nangemva kokuduma kwezulu
- i-parade ihamba, engakwazi ukugijima phezu kwengane emgwaqweni wokumisa; Izingane zingabuye ziwe ngenkathi zigibele phansi
- ukhunjulwe noma amathoyizi aphukile
- amathoyizi angafaneleki ubudala, ikakhulukazi amathoyizi anamakethe nezinxenye ezincane, ezifaka ingozi yokukhipha izingane ezincane
- imishini yokuzivocavoca ekhaya, kufaka phakathi amabhayisikili atholakalayo, ama-rollreader kanye nabakhuphuka ngezinyathelo, okuholela ekulimaweni kwengane okungaba ngu-25 000 ngonyaka
- ukugibela ama-mowers, okungafanele ukusetshenziselwa izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-16 ubudala; ukuhamba-ngemuva kwamagundane ensimbi, okungafanele asetshenziswe izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-12
- izimoto ezishisayo , ikakhulukazi lapho izinsana noma izinsana zisala esihlalweni semoto, izinsana noma izingane zasenkulisa ziphonsa emotweni ukudlala futhi azikwazi ukuphuma, noma izingane ziboshwe esiqu
- ukudweba ngezambatho zokugqoka, okungaba yingozi yokuqeda; izinkinobho ezengeziwe, amathrekhi, noma izinto zokuhlobisa ezinganeni nezingubo zokugqoka izingane noma izinsana, ngoba zingase zihambe zibe yingozi
- ama-paper shredders, angabangela ukunqunywa kwamanwe nokugcoba, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane
- asebekhulile (bathengiswa ngaphambi kukaNovemba 2000) izimpumputhe zefasitela kanye nezintambo, ezingakha ama-loops futhi zibophe izingane ezincane.
- Ama-shades nama-blind-up avela e-Roman aphethwe izintambo noma izintambo zangaphakathi ezivelele.
- iwa ngamafasitela , angavinjelwa ngokufaka i- windows window noma i-window stop (ivimbela ifasitela ekuvuleni ngaphezu kwamasentimitha amane)
- umnyango wegaraji ongazitholi ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ungamfaka ingane engaphansi komnyango (ikakhulukazi inkinga yeminyango yegaraji eyenziwe ngaphambi kuka-1993 kanye nezintsha ezisasebenzi kahle)
- amabhaluni , okubangela ukushona okungaphezu kwama-balls, ama-marbles, noma izingxenye ezincane zokudlala (ngaphezu kokuchofoza noma ukufisa ama-balloon ephukile, ezinye izingane ziyasilonda kuma-balloon angenalutho ngenkathi zizama ukuzwakalisa, yingakho abantu abadala kufanele baqondise izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka abayisishiyagalombili abadlala ngama-ballon. Abantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka emithathu akufanele bavunyelwe ukudlala ngamabhaloni nhlobo)
- ifulethi elidala, i-spa, kanye namanzi okushisa; ukuncelisa kwabo okunamandla nezembozo ezindala kungabangela ukubopha izinwele noma ukugoqa umzimba
- i- trampolines yasekhaya, imijikelezo ehamba ngamandla kanye nezimoto zomhlaba wonke (ATVs), izibhamu ezingenamandla (amabhomu ama-BB, izibhamu zamapulangwe, izibhamu zomoya, noma izibhamu ze-paintball), noma amathoyizi amakhulu, okuyi-AAP okubheka njengamathoyizi angaphephile ebantwaneni
- qiniseka ukuthi uvikele i-nicotine e- liquid efaka u- e-cigarettes , njengezikhungo ezinobuthi ezweni lonke zikhomba ukukhuphuka okukhulu kwezingane ezivezwa ngokungenisa, ukuphuza noma ukumuncwa ngesikhumba noma amehlo
- ama-pods okuhlanza izingubo zokugcoba , okuyinto i-AAP ithi "ibeka ingozi enobuthi ebantwaneni abancane," kubandakanya izingcingo ezingaphezu kuka-17 000 ukulawulwa kobuhlungu ngonyaka owodwa kusuka ezinganeni ezidla noma ezifisa ama-pods.
Imithombo:
Isitatimende senqubomgomo ye-AAP. Inqola Yokuthenga-Ukulimala Okuhlobene Nezingane. I-PEDIATRICS Vol. 118 No. 2 Agasti 2006, iphe. 825-827
Ukulimala Okuhlobene Namahhashi Nokufa KwabaseMelika: 2005 Ukuvuselela
I-CDC. Imibiko Yezibalo Zezibalo Zikazwelonke. Umqulu 53, Inombolo 17. Mashi 7, 2005.
I-CPSC. Inqola Yokuphepha Yokuphepha Yokuthenga. Ukuphuka kusuka ekuthengeni amathilethi kubangela ukulimala kwekhanda kubantwana. Idokhumenti ye-CPSC # 5075
Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokuvimbela Inhlekelele Nokulawula. Ama-WISQARS Ukulimala Okubulalayo: Imibiko Yokufa